BACKGROUND Adjacent segment disease(ASD)after fusion surgery is frequently manifests as a cranial segment instability,disc herniation,spinal canal stenosis,spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis.The risk factors and mech...BACKGROUND Adjacent segment disease(ASD)after fusion surgery is frequently manifests as a cranial segment instability,disc herniation,spinal canal stenosis,spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis.The risk factors and mechanisms of ASD have been widely discussed but never clearly defined.AIM To investigate the risk factors and clinical significance of retrograde movement of the proximal vertebral body after lower lumbar fusion.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients who underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery between September 2015 and July 2021 and who were followed up for more than 2 years.Ninety-one patients with degenerative lumbar diseases were included(22 males and 69 females),with an average age of 52.3 years(40-73 years).According to whether there was retrograde movement of the adjacent vertebral body on postoperative X-rays,the patients were divided into retrograde and nonretrograde groups.The sagittal parameters of the spine and pelvis were evaluated before surgery,after surgery,and at the final follow-up.At the same time,the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)were used to evaluate the patients’quality of life.RESULTS Nineteen patients(20.9%)who experienced retrograde movement of proximal adjacent segments were included in this study.The pelvic incidence(PI)of the patients in the retrograde group were significantly higher than those of the patients in the nonretrograde group before surgery,after surgery and at the final follow-up(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in lumbar lordosis(LL)between the two groups before the operation,but LL in the retrograde group was significantly greater than that in the nonretrograde group postoperatively and at the final follow-up.No significant differences were detected in terms of the|PI–LL|,and there was no significant difference in the preoperative lordosis distribution index(LDI)between the two groups.The LDIs of the retrograde group were 68.1%±11.5%and 67.2%±11.9%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the nonretrograde group(75.7%±10.4%and 74.3%±9.4%,respectively)(P<0.05).Moreover,the patients in the retrograde group had a greater incidence of a LDI<50%than those in the nonretrograde group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the ODI or VAS scores between the two groups before the operation,but the ODI and VAS scores in the retrograde group were significantly worse than those in the nonretrograde group after the operation and at the last follow-up,(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The incidence of posterior slippage after lower lumbar fusion was approximately 20.9%.The risk factors are related to a higher PI and distribution of lumbar lordosis.When a patient has a high PI and insufficient reconstruction of the lower lumbar spine,adjacent segment compensation via posterior vertebral body slippage is one of the factors that significantly affects surgical outcomes.展开更多
Asymmetric reduction of the conjugated C=C bonds by the old yellow enzymes(OYEs)presents a promising field in the synthesis of chiral chemicals.Nevertheless,few natural OYEs have been applied in large-scale applicatio...Asymmetric reduction of the conjugated C=C bonds by the old yellow enzymes(OYEs)presents a promising field in the synthesis of chiral chemicals.Nevertheless,few natural OYEs have been applied in large-scale applications due to the requirement of costly NADPH and low operational stability.Herein,a stable and efficient fusion of YqjM from Bacillus subtilis and glucose dehydrogenase(GDH)from Bacillus megaterium was constructed to stereoselectively reduce the conjugated C=C bonds in a self-sufficient continuous process.The effects of the enzyme order and different linkers on the fusions were investigated by structural analysis and all-atom molecular dynamics simulation.The best fusion YqjM_G_GDH gave 98% conversion of 100 mmol/L 2-methylcyclopentenone with an excellent ee value(>99%)in 3 h,while the mixture of individual enzymes only obtained 68% conversion after more than 8 h.The improved substrate conversion of YqjM_G_GDH fusion was probably attributed to the increased flexibility of each fused enzyme and the shortening of the diffusion distance of NADPH regenerated.A one-pot process was designed to purify and immobilize the fusion on the Ni2t-nitrilotriacetic acid functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoflowers.The resulting immobilized biocatalyst not only catalyzed the asymmetric reduction of various α,β-unsaturated ketones(20 mmol/L)continuously with only 50μmol/L NADPt to initiate the whole process,but also retained more than 82%of the initial activity after seven cycles,serving as a good candidate for the industrial applications.展开更多
在大肠杆菌中表达的重组Hepcidin融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在,其N端带有6个组氨酸。以Ni2+-IDA-Sepharose Fast Flow为层析介质,在变性条件下以不同的咪唑和pH值洗脱方式对Hepcidin融合蛋白的纯化效果进行了比较,确定了该融合蛋白的金属...在大肠杆菌中表达的重组Hepcidin融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在,其N端带有6个组氨酸。以Ni2+-IDA-Sepharose Fast Flow为层析介质,在变性条件下以不同的咪唑和pH值洗脱方式对Hepcidin融合蛋白的纯化效果进行了比较,确定了该融合蛋白的金属螯合层析纯化条件。以60 mmol/L咪唑洗脱杂蛋白,然后将pH值降至4.0洗脱融合蛋白,纯化后的融合蛋白纯度大于95%,而且不含咪唑,有利于下一步Hepcidin的制备。金属螯合层析中融合蛋白收率不低于90%。Ni2+-IDA-Sepharose Fast Flow对该融合蛋白的吸附量为30.4 mg/mL。展开更多
The mining industry produces billions of tons of mine tailings annually.However,because of their lack of economic value,most of the tailings are discarded near the mining sites,typically under water.The primary enviro...The mining industry produces billions of tons of mine tailings annually.However,because of their lack of economic value,most of the tailings are discarded near the mining sites,typically under water.The primary environmental concerns of mine tailings are related to their heavy metal and sulfidic mineral content.Oxidation of sulfidic minerals can produce acid mine drainage that leaches heavy metals into the surrounding water.The management of tailing dams requires expensive construction and careful control,and there is the need for stable,sustainable,and economically viable management technologies.Alkali activation as a solidification/stabilization technology offers an attractive way to deal with mine tailings.Alkali activated materials are hardened,concrete-like structures that can be formed from raw materials that are rich in aluminum and silicon,which fortunately,are the main elements in mining residues.Furthermore,alkali activation can immobilize harmful heavy metals within the structure.This review describes the research on alkali activated mine tailings.The reactivity and chemistry of different minerals are discussed.Since many mine tailings are poorly reactive under alkaline conditions,different pretreatment methods and their effects on the mineralogy are reviewed.Possible applications for these materials are also discussed.展开更多
目的探讨pH值和盐浓度对金属螯合亲和层析(Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography,IMAC)分离含His-Tag标签的人胰高血糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)融合蛋白的影响,并确定最佳洗脱条件。方法在0.50mol/L盐浓度条...目的探讨pH值和盐浓度对金属螯合亲和层析(Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography,IMAC)分离含His-Tag标签的人胰高血糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)融合蛋白的影响,并确定最佳洗脱条件。方法在0.50mol/L盐浓度条件下,分别取pH6.0、7.0、7.8和9.04种缓冲液进行咪唑梯度洗脱;在合适的pH值条件下,分别取氯化钠浓度0.25、0.50和0.75mol/L3种缓冲液进行咪唑梯度洗脱。分析在不同pH值及盐浓度条件下洗脱融合蛋白所需要的咪唑浓度及回收率。结果在所考察的pH值范围内,洗脱融合蛋白所需的咪唑浓度随洗脱液pH值的升高而逐渐降低,当洗脱液pH值为7.8时,融合蛋白的分离效果最佳,大部分杂蛋白被0～40mmol/L咪唑洗脱液去除且不含融合蛋白,而绝大部分融合蛋白在咪唑浓度达80～200mmol/L时被洗出,总回收率达(83.7±1.0)%,且比例较高;在此pH值条件下,氯化钠浓度达0.75mol/L,才会影响融合蛋白的回收率,氯化钠浓度为0.25或0.50mol/L的洗脱液洗出融合蛋白的效果相近;在pH7.8,含0.25mol/L氯化钠的洗脱体系下,用50mmol/L咪唑溶液洗脱杂蛋白,200mmol/L咪唑溶液洗脱融合蛋白,融合蛋白的回收率和比例分别可达(85.2±2.0)%和(80.5±1.0)%。结论在所考察的pH值和盐浓度范围内,提高洗脱液pH值和盐浓度均可降低洗脱融合蛋白需要的咪唑量,但也会降低融合蛋白的回收率。展开更多
基金Supported by The Youth Medicine Technology Innovation Project of Xuzhou Health Commission,No.XWKYHT20200026.
文摘BACKGROUND Adjacent segment disease(ASD)after fusion surgery is frequently manifests as a cranial segment instability,disc herniation,spinal canal stenosis,spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis.The risk factors and mechanisms of ASD have been widely discussed but never clearly defined.AIM To investigate the risk factors and clinical significance of retrograde movement of the proximal vertebral body after lower lumbar fusion.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients who underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery between September 2015 and July 2021 and who were followed up for more than 2 years.Ninety-one patients with degenerative lumbar diseases were included(22 males and 69 females),with an average age of 52.3 years(40-73 years).According to whether there was retrograde movement of the adjacent vertebral body on postoperative X-rays,the patients were divided into retrograde and nonretrograde groups.The sagittal parameters of the spine and pelvis were evaluated before surgery,after surgery,and at the final follow-up.At the same time,the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)were used to evaluate the patients’quality of life.RESULTS Nineteen patients(20.9%)who experienced retrograde movement of proximal adjacent segments were included in this study.The pelvic incidence(PI)of the patients in the retrograde group were significantly higher than those of the patients in the nonretrograde group before surgery,after surgery and at the final follow-up(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in lumbar lordosis(LL)between the two groups before the operation,but LL in the retrograde group was significantly greater than that in the nonretrograde group postoperatively and at the final follow-up.No significant differences were detected in terms of the|PI–LL|,and there was no significant difference in the preoperative lordosis distribution index(LDI)between the two groups.The LDIs of the retrograde group were 68.1%±11.5%and 67.2%±11.9%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the nonretrograde group(75.7%±10.4%and 74.3%±9.4%,respectively)(P<0.05).Moreover,the patients in the retrograde group had a greater incidence of a LDI<50%than those in the nonretrograde group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the ODI or VAS scores between the two groups before the operation,but the ODI and VAS scores in the retrograde group were significantly worse than those in the nonretrograde group after the operation and at the last follow-up,(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The incidence of posterior slippage after lower lumbar fusion was approximately 20.9%.The risk factors are related to a higher PI and distribution of lumbar lordosis.When a patient has a high PI and insufficient reconstruction of the lower lumbar spine,adjacent segment compensation via posterior vertebral body slippage is one of the factors that significantly affects surgical outcomes.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2104100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21901058,22178083 and 22078081)+3 种基金the Hebei Key Research and Development Project(Nos.21372805D,21372804D and 20372802D)the Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education(No.ZD2019045)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province(Nos.B2019202216,B2017202056 and C2019208174)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.20JCYBJC00530).
文摘Asymmetric reduction of the conjugated C=C bonds by the old yellow enzymes(OYEs)presents a promising field in the synthesis of chiral chemicals.Nevertheless,few natural OYEs have been applied in large-scale applications due to the requirement of costly NADPH and low operational stability.Herein,a stable and efficient fusion of YqjM from Bacillus subtilis and glucose dehydrogenase(GDH)from Bacillus megaterium was constructed to stereoselectively reduce the conjugated C=C bonds in a self-sufficient continuous process.The effects of the enzyme order and different linkers on the fusions were investigated by structural analysis and all-atom molecular dynamics simulation.The best fusion YqjM_G_GDH gave 98% conversion of 100 mmol/L 2-methylcyclopentenone with an excellent ee value(>99%)in 3 h,while the mixture of individual enzymes only obtained 68% conversion after more than 8 h.The improved substrate conversion of YqjM_G_GDH fusion was probably attributed to the increased flexibility of each fused enzyme and the shortening of the diffusion distance of NADPH regenerated.A one-pot process was designed to purify and immobilize the fusion on the Ni2t-nitrilotriacetic acid functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoflowers.The resulting immobilized biocatalyst not only catalyzed the asymmetric reduction of various α,β-unsaturated ketones(20 mmol/L)continuously with only 50μmol/L NADPt to initiate the whole process,but also retained more than 82%of the initial activity after seven cycles,serving as a good candidate for the industrial applications.
文摘在大肠杆菌中表达的重组Hepcidin融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在,其N端带有6个组氨酸。以Ni2+-IDA-Sepharose Fast Flow为层析介质,在变性条件下以不同的咪唑和pH值洗脱方式对Hepcidin融合蛋白的纯化效果进行了比较,确定了该融合蛋白的金属螯合层析纯化条件。以60 mmol/L咪唑洗脱杂蛋白,然后将pH值降至4.0洗脱融合蛋白,纯化后的融合蛋白纯度大于95%,而且不含咪唑,有利于下一步Hepcidin的制备。金属螯合层析中融合蛋白收率不低于90%。Ni2+-IDA-Sepharose Fast Flow对该融合蛋白的吸附量为30.4 mg/mL。
基金financially supported by the project“Steps toward the use of mine tailings in geopolymer materials”funded by the Academy of Finland(No.292526)。
文摘The mining industry produces billions of tons of mine tailings annually.However,because of their lack of economic value,most of the tailings are discarded near the mining sites,typically under water.The primary environmental concerns of mine tailings are related to their heavy metal and sulfidic mineral content.Oxidation of sulfidic minerals can produce acid mine drainage that leaches heavy metals into the surrounding water.The management of tailing dams requires expensive construction and careful control,and there is the need for stable,sustainable,and economically viable management technologies.Alkali activation as a solidification/stabilization technology offers an attractive way to deal with mine tailings.Alkali activated materials are hardened,concrete-like structures that can be formed from raw materials that are rich in aluminum and silicon,which fortunately,are the main elements in mining residues.Furthermore,alkali activation can immobilize harmful heavy metals within the structure.This review describes the research on alkali activated mine tailings.The reactivity and chemistry of different minerals are discussed.Since many mine tailings are poorly reactive under alkaline conditions,different pretreatment methods and their effects on the mineralogy are reviewed.Possible applications for these materials are also discussed.
文摘目的探讨pH值和盐浓度对金属螯合亲和层析(Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography,IMAC)分离含His-Tag标签的人胰高血糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)融合蛋白的影响,并确定最佳洗脱条件。方法在0.50mol/L盐浓度条件下,分别取pH6.0、7.0、7.8和9.04种缓冲液进行咪唑梯度洗脱;在合适的pH值条件下,分别取氯化钠浓度0.25、0.50和0.75mol/L3种缓冲液进行咪唑梯度洗脱。分析在不同pH值及盐浓度条件下洗脱融合蛋白所需要的咪唑浓度及回收率。结果在所考察的pH值范围内,洗脱融合蛋白所需的咪唑浓度随洗脱液pH值的升高而逐渐降低,当洗脱液pH值为7.8时,融合蛋白的分离效果最佳,大部分杂蛋白被0～40mmol/L咪唑洗脱液去除且不含融合蛋白,而绝大部分融合蛋白在咪唑浓度达80～200mmol/L时被洗出,总回收率达(83.7±1.0)%,且比例较高;在此pH值条件下,氯化钠浓度达0.75mol/L,才会影响融合蛋白的回收率,氯化钠浓度为0.25或0.50mol/L的洗脱液洗出融合蛋白的效果相近;在pH7.8,含0.25mol/L氯化钠的洗脱体系下,用50mmol/L咪唑溶液洗脱杂蛋白,200mmol/L咪唑溶液洗脱融合蛋白,融合蛋白的回收率和比例分别可达(85.2±2.0)%和(80.5±1.0)%。结论在所考察的pH值和盐浓度范围内,提高洗脱液pH值和盐浓度均可降低洗脱融合蛋白需要的咪唑量,但也会降低融合蛋白的回收率。
