This study investigates arsenic (As) accumulation and tolerance of duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza L. and its potential for As phytofiltration. S. polyrhiza was able to survive in high concentration of As(V) solution...This study investigates arsenic (As) accumulation and tolerance of duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza L. and its potential for As phytofiltration. S. polyrhiza was able to survive in high concentration of As(V) solution. The EC 50 values (± SE) based on the external As(V) were (181.66 ± 20.12) μmol/L. It accumulated (999 ± 95) mg As/kg dw when exposed in 320 μmol/L As(V) solution for one week, and was able to take up appropriately 400 mg As/kg dw in tissues without a significant biomass loss. The EC 50 values (the effective concentration of As(V) in the nutrient solution that caused a 50% inhibition on biomass production) was (866 ± 68) mg/kg dw for the tissues, indicating that S. polyrhiza had a high capability of As accumulation and tolerance. The uptake kinetic parameters V max was (55.33 ± 2.24) nmol/(g dw·min) and K m was (0.144 ± 0.011) mmol/L. Within 72 hr, S. polyrhiza decreased As concentration in the solution from 190 to 113 ng/mL with a removal rate of 41%. The study suggested that this floating aquatic plant has some potential for As phytofiltration in contaminated water bodies or paddy soils.展开更多
Here, we compared the intrinsic characteristics of 3-day-(newly germinated;<span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“young”) and 8-week-old (“mature”) fronds of the aquatic plant </span>...Here, we compared the intrinsic characteristics of 3-day-(newly germinated;<span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“young”) and 8-week-old (“mature”) fronds of the aquatic plant </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Spirodela</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>polyrhiza</i></span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and their sensitivity to paraquat, a toxic herbicide. Endpoints measured were frond area and fresh weight, root length, chlorophyll</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> b </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">contents, and chlorophyll</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> fluorescence. Significant differences were detected in the intrinsic physiological traits between young and mature fronds. Young fronds showed higher root length, chlorophyll contents, maximum quantum yield (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">v</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">m</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), maximal relative electron transport rate (rETR</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">max</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and saturating photon flux density (PFD), whereas mature fronds exhibited greater frond area and fresh weight. After a 72 h exposure to paraquat, root length and rETR</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">max</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were identified as the most sensitive endpoints of paraquat toxicity for both frond types, with EC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values of 0.66 and 0.76 μg<span style="font-size:6.5pt;font-family:"background:yellow;">·</span>L</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for young fronds, respectively, and 5.53 and 2.28 μg<span style="font-size:6.5pt;font-family:"background:yellow;">·</span>L</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for mature fronds, respectively. Young fronds of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>polyrhiza</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed significantly higher sensitivity to paraquat than mature fronds. A survey of other studies on paraquat toxicity to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lemna</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> species revealed that EC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values of paraquat-induced inhibition of root regrowth and rETR</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">max</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in both stages were the lowest, indicating that these two endpoints were the most sensitive to paraquat. In addition, EC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values of both endpoints of mature fronds of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>polyrhiza </i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">appear to be similar to the current allowable concentrations in drinking water set by the World Health Organization (WHO), indicating that these values may have application for the assessment of toxicity risk of paraquat in aquatic ecosystems.</span>展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX1-YW-06-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20720102042)
文摘This study investigates arsenic (As) accumulation and tolerance of duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza L. and its potential for As phytofiltration. S. polyrhiza was able to survive in high concentration of As(V) solution. The EC 50 values (± SE) based on the external As(V) were (181.66 ± 20.12) μmol/L. It accumulated (999 ± 95) mg As/kg dw when exposed in 320 μmol/L As(V) solution for one week, and was able to take up appropriately 400 mg As/kg dw in tissues without a significant biomass loss. The EC 50 values (the effective concentration of As(V) in the nutrient solution that caused a 50% inhibition on biomass production) was (866 ± 68) mg/kg dw for the tissues, indicating that S. polyrhiza had a high capability of As accumulation and tolerance. The uptake kinetic parameters V max was (55.33 ± 2.24) nmol/(g dw·min) and K m was (0.144 ± 0.011) mmol/L. Within 72 hr, S. polyrhiza decreased As concentration in the solution from 190 to 113 ng/mL with a removal rate of 41%. The study suggested that this floating aquatic plant has some potential for As phytofiltration in contaminated water bodies or paddy soils.
文摘Here, we compared the intrinsic characteristics of 3-day-(newly germinated;<span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“young”) and 8-week-old (“mature”) fronds of the aquatic plant </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Spirodela</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>polyrhiza</i></span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and their sensitivity to paraquat, a toxic herbicide. Endpoints measured were frond area and fresh weight, root length, chlorophyll</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> b </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">contents, and chlorophyll</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> fluorescence. Significant differences were detected in the intrinsic physiological traits between young and mature fronds. Young fronds showed higher root length, chlorophyll contents, maximum quantum yield (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">v</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">m</span></sub></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), maximal relative electron transport rate (rETR</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">max</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and saturating photon flux density (PFD), whereas mature fronds exhibited greater frond area and fresh weight. After a 72 h exposure to paraquat, root length and rETR</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">max</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were identified as the most sensitive endpoints of paraquat toxicity for both frond types, with EC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values of 0.66 and 0.76 μg<span style="font-size:6.5pt;font-family:"background:yellow;">·</span>L</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for young fronds, respectively, and 5.53 and 2.28 μg<span style="font-size:6.5pt;font-family:"background:yellow;">·</span>L</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for mature fronds, respectively. Young fronds of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>polyrhiza</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed significantly higher sensitivity to paraquat than mature fronds. A survey of other studies on paraquat toxicity to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lemna</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> species revealed that EC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values of paraquat-induced inhibition of root regrowth and rETR</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">max</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in both stages were the lowest, indicating that these two endpoints were the most sensitive to paraquat. In addition, EC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values of both endpoints of mature fronds of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>polyrhiza </i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">appear to be similar to the current allowable concentrations in drinking water set by the World Health Organization (WHO), indicating that these values may have application for the assessment of toxicity risk of paraquat in aquatic ecosystems.</span>