Subtitle Translation of Puns in English Sitcoms from the Perspective of Speech Act Theory——A Case Study of Mind Your Language

Puns always play a vital role in sitcoms in order to create humor or ironies.Sometimes good translations of puns can decide whether target language audiences are able to obtain the equal understandings and reactions of the sitcoms as source language audiences get.Nevertheless,it is not easy for many translators to render faithfully and smoothly some English puns into Chinese.Therefore,this paper will analyze the subtitle translation of puns in the British sitcom Mind Your Language from the perspective of Speech Act Theory so as to find out some useful and helpful strategies for translation of puns in subtitling.

Theory of mind deficits in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression

AIM:To characterize the two components of theory of mind(ToM) in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression.METHODS:Sixty-five patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression(depressed group) and 62 normal controls(control group) were assessed using reading the mind in the eyes test,faux pas task,verbal fluency test,digit span test and WAIS IQ test.The depressed group was divided into two subgroups including psychotic depressed(PD) group(32 cases) and nonpsychotic depressed(NPD) group(33 cases).The clinical symptoms of patients were assessed using Beck depression inventory version Ⅱ and brief psychiatric reacting scale(BPRS).RESULTS:There was a significant difference between the depressed group and the control group on tasks involving ToM social perceptual components(mind reading:t = 7.39,P < 0.01) and tests involving ToM social cognitive components(faux pas questions:t = 13.75,P < 0.01),respectively.A significant difference was also found among the PD group,the NPD group and the control group on mind reading(F = 32.98,P < 0.01) and faux pas questions(χ 2 = 78.15,P < 0.01),respectively.The PD group and NPD group performed worse than normal group controls both on mind reading and faux pas questions(P < 0.05).The PD group performed significantly worse than the NPD group on tasks involving ToM(mind reading:F = 18.99,P < 0.01;faux pas questions:F = 36.01,P < 0.01).In the depressed group,there was a negative correlation between ToM performances and BPRS total score(mind reading:r =-0.35,P < 0.01;faux pas questions:r =-0.51,P < 0.01),and between ToM performances and hostile suspiciousness factor score(mind reading:r =-0.75,P < 0.01;faux pas questions:r =-0.73,P < 0.01),respectively.CONCLUSION:The two components of ToM are both impaired in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression.This indicates that there may be an association between ToM deficits and psychotic symptoms in clinical depression.

The Evolution of Theory of Mind in the Human Evolution

Despite almost half a century of research for theory of mind, its evolutionary origin is largely unknown. This paper proposes that the evolutionary origin of theory of mind starts from the beginning of the human evolution to form hominins through bipedalism and the mixed habitat. The feet of the early hominins were still adapted for grasping trees rather than walking for long distances and running fast on the ground. The early hominins lived in the mixed habitat of grassy woodland with patches of denser forest, and freshwater springs. The difficulty of walking in the mixed habitat leads to division of labor for the home specialist group (small children, old people, and mothers with small children, and pregnant women) in the safe forest area and the exploration specialist group (young people without the care of small children) in the dangerous open area. The different tasks, attitudes, and mentalities in different specialist groups produce theory of mind as the ability to attribute different mental states to different specialist groups. (Uniformity of mind instead of theory of mind is for generalists without division of labor). The early Homo species with the open habitat developed theory of mind for hunter specialist group and gatherer specialist group. The middle Homo species with complex stone tools developed theory of mind for the cooperative specialist groups in the large production of complex stone tools. The late Homo species with complex social interaction developed theory of mind for mind reading to enhance cooperation and to detect cheaters in complex social interaction. For religion, the unusually harsh Upper Paleolithic Period developed theory of mind for imaginary specialists in terms of supernatural power, guidance, and comfort. Therefore, the three general types of theory of mind are for specialists in division of labor, mind reading in complex social interaction, and imaginary specialists in imaginary division of labor under harsh conditions. Self-awareness in the mirror self-recognition test is also explained.

Uta Frith’s thoughts on the Theory of Mind and Autistic Deficit: Dialogue between Art and Neuroscience

The contemporary scientist and German developmental psychologist at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience of University College London, Uta Frith has mainly focused her research on autism spectrum disorder and the related theory-of-mind deficit. To explain the autistic mentalistic deficit, the psychologist has used a specific tool: art, her initial pursuit cultivated at the Universität des Saarlandes, in Germany. Thus, this work seeks to reconstruct the artistic influences on Uta Frith’s scientific efforts, highlighting how the dialogical intersection of two seemingly distant disciplines, like art and neuroscience, can generate surprising new networks of signification and an understanding of the intrapsychic and interpsychic worlds. Art challenges us to develop moments of neuroscientific knowledge. On the other. In contrast, neuroscience offers the opportunity to develop further insights into the role of visual perception in contemplating works of art.

A Comparison of New General System Theory Philosophy With Einstein and Bohr

The New General System theory was developed to be a theory of everything for complex systems within the world we can observe.This theory was constructed by supplementing a new mind-ether ontology into Bertalanffy’s general system theory framework.This theory is basically a generalization of classical mechanics rather than a revolution to it taken both by Einstein and Bohr in developing their relativity theory and quantum mechanics.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the reasons why Einstein and many others fail to unify relativity theory with quantum mechanics through comparing the main differences in philosophical opinions among NGST,Einstein,and Bohr.It is the hope of the authors that this clarification could speed up the unification process.

On the Aesthetic Wonder and Unity at the Peak of Literary Theory in the Six Dynasties Key

The study found that the classics born during the turbulent Six Dynasties period,starting from Cao Pi’s“The Classics”to“Wen Fu”,“Wen Xin Diao Long”,“Shipin”and other classics,can all be analyzed to have a common origin.Attributes,that is,the philosophical strategy of dualistic isomorphism of explicit and implicit,is also a pattern;it can be proven that this is the philosophical key to interpreting and studying the classics of the Six Dynasties.It not only governs many aesthetic principles and aesthetic methods,but also emphasizes the need to transcend the appearance of current existence,transcend the current utilitarianism,and pay attention to the hidden and non-existent,just like paying attention to dark matter and antimatter in the universe.Pay attention to the origin of Shipin and expand aesthetic horizons;this philosophical secret not only exists in the classics of the Six Dynasties,it has its unity,graphics and vitality,as well as its historical inheritance and continuous operation.Its trajectory marks the context of literary theory and aesthetics;the modern construction of contemporary literary theory must be based on its operating trends.Only by transcending all utilitarianism can we better demonstrate the natural characteristics of Chinese tradition such as nationality.Otherwise,literary theory,aesthetics,and philosophy will not be self-consistent.

基于情绪ABC理论的正念训练对PCI患者的应用研究

目的探讨基于情绪ABC理论的正念干预对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者的应用效果。方法选取2022年收治的80例冠心病PCI术后患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组40例。对照组给予心内科常规治疗与护理,试验组在常规护理的基础上给予基于情绪ABC理论的正念训练。分别于干预前、干预2个月后、干预6个月后评价患者的心肺功能[6 min步行距离(6 MWD)]、睡眠[匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)]、焦虑抑郁[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑制自评量表(SDS)]、心脏不良事件的发生情况。结果干预前,2组患者6MWD、PSQI评分、SAS、SDS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预2个月和6个月后,试验组6MWD、PSQI、SAS、SDS评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预6个月后,2组患者心脏不良事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。重复测量方差分析结果显示时间效应、组间效应、交互效应均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于情绪ABC理论的正念训练可提高患者的睡眠质量,改善负性情绪,提升心肺功能,值得临床推广应用。

王阳明心学的澄明、贯通与夯实——论薛侃在学术上对王阳明心学的独特贡献

薛侃是王阳明的大弟子,但学界较少关注薛侃在学术上对王阳明心学的贡献。基于对薛侃相关文献的考察和分析可知,薛侃在学术上对阳明心学作出了独特贡献。首先表现在继承王阳明心学的基本观念上,如在良知即先天判断、“万物一体”基础的论证等方面;其次表现在对王阳明心学的某些核心观念的分辨和明晰上,如在“良知作为主人翁的资格”、“知行合一”的两种形式、“万物一体”的关怀与境界旨趣等方面;再次表现在创造性地发展、夯实阳明心学的内涵上,如对“致良知”的“致”之思想意识层面的强调、对“知行合一”之本体性论证、对“见在”即本体与工夫的统一之界定等方面;最后表现在对王阳明心学四大基本观念的贯通上,如以“见在”为枢纽,对“心即理”“知行合一”“致良知”“万物一体”四个基本观念进行贯通,言简意丰地阐述了四者复杂而有机的关系,认为“心”或良知是“万物一体”之基础,“万物一体”也是“心即理”“致良知”“知行合一”的基础,而做到了“心即理”“致良知”“知行合一”,也就实现了“万物一体”,从而将王阳明心学体系脉络更为深刻、更为生动地呈现出来。薛侃在学术上对王阳明心学所作出的贡献是值得肯定的。

“第二个结合”的思想解放意义

阐释“第二个结合”的思想解放意义不能脱离马克思主义文化理论。“第二个结合”以文化灵魂说为基础,从生活视域、意义导向和精神维度等方面丰富和发展了马克思主义的“文化”概念;“第二个结合”提出了马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化的有机结合论,将马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化相结合提升为政党和民族的普遍自觉,有力推进了马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化的深度结合;以“第二个结合”为指导,中华优秀传统文化的思想智慧及其时代意义得到了全面阐发,中华优秀传统文化中的宝贵经验、精神力量和哲学智慧被分别转化为新时代治国理政的思想资源、巩固文化主体性的有力支柱和习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要理论来源。

王阳明心学思想及其基层社会治理的实践价值

王阳明作为明代著名的哲学家、政治家、教育家,以心学为儒学的基本学理,力图通过心学的实学取向对儒学自身的积弊予以克制和纠正,并在实践过程中增进儒学的生活日用性、平民大众性,以促使儒学“里落化之”,提升其教化、濡化、涵化的实际功能和效果。王阳明的思考和实践有明显的合理因素,对于推进中国式现代化的发展,提高国家治理、社会治理和基层治理的现代化水平,无疑具有一定的启发和借鉴意义。

精神分裂症患者表情识别异常与心理推理能力和共情缺损的关系

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者表情识别、心理推理能力和共情的缺损,并考察其表情识别能力与心理推理能力和共情的关系。方法:招募47例符合精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版(DSM-5)诊断标准的精神分裂症患者和35例正常对照。采用表情识别任务(FEIT)评估表情识别,Yoni任务评估认知与情感心理推理能力,认知与情感共情问卷(QCAE)评估共情,主要指标为任务正确率和问卷得分。结果:精神分裂症患者组6种表情识别正确率、心理推理任务表现以及QCAE认知共情得分和情感共情远端反应得分均低于对照组(均P<0.05);回归分析显示Yoni任务认知条件正确率(β=0.33,P<0.01)和情感条件正确率(β=0.33,P<0.01)均与高兴表情识别正确率存在正向关联;QCAE认知共情得分与中性表情识别正确率呈负向关联(β=-0.23,P<0.05);精神分裂症患者Yoni任务情感条件正确率(β=-0.23,P<0.05)和QCAE认知共情得分(β=-0.34,P<0.01)更低。结论:精神分裂症患者表情识别、心理推理能力和共情存在缺损,并且患者表情识别的异常与其心理推理能力和共情的缺损相关。

是“童心”说还是“史心”说?——龚自珍抒情思想之心学属性论

龚自珍受“童心”说影响,但没有将“童心”建构成一个诗学概念,他的“童心”仅表征了个人的一种情感状态。在龚氏这里,形成了这样的抒情景观:由“自我”本体的创造性予以奠基,产生巨大的“心力”;“心力”又与历史活动相结合,产生了“史心”;再用“史心”去感受、捕捉与表现万事万物,将名理的、伦理的、社会的、历史的等诸多要素纳入创作之中,用生命的华美咏叹、社会的尖锐批判、人生的悲愤感慨与理想的执着追求合奏艺术之劲舞与审美之崇高。这与阳明心学具有内在的关联性。

学前儿童亲社会行为策略探索:社会认知和家庭环境的影响

通过125名3.25~6.25岁儿童在改编独裁者博弈任务、错误信念任务、情绪理解等任务中的表现,以及相关问卷结果来评估儿童的亲社会行为策略、社会认知能力(心理理论和情绪理解),以及家庭环境(社会经济地位和家庭子女数量),并采用贝叶斯网络对上述数据进行分析。结果发现,随着年龄的增长,儿童采取的行为策略从自利向互惠(公平)、慷慨转变;社会认知能力越强,儿童越倾向于采用互惠、慷慨策略;家庭环境通过社会认知因素影响儿童亲社会行为策略。上述结论有助于理解早期亲社会行为的发生和维持,以及内在认知机制和外在环境因素如何作用于亲社会行为的发展变化。

智力障碍儿童对不同对象的分享行为:心理理论的作用

本研究旨在考察智力障碍儿童对不同对象(朋友和陌生人)的分享行为,同时探讨心理理论对不同对象分享行为的预测作用。研究共选取了82名智力障碍儿童作为被试,并通过言语能力分数匹配了82名典型发展儿童作为对照,结果发现:(1) 7~17岁(儿童中期和青少年期)的智力障碍儿童和心理年龄相匹配的典型发展儿童一样,对朋友的分享都显著高于对陌生人的分享;(2)心理理论预测了智力障碍儿童对陌生人的分享行为,但不能显著预测对朋友的分享行为。这些结果表明相比于陌生人,智力障碍儿童和典型发展儿童对朋友表现出更多的分享,且智力障碍儿童偏爱朋友分享的现象从儿童中期持续到了青少年期;心理理论是智力障碍儿童对陌生人分享的相关因素。

论徐渭“本体自然观”的来源及表现

“本体自然观”是宋克夫在2009年《徐渭与阳明心学》一文中所提出的,徐渭从王龙溪那里继承了“以自然为宗”的哲学思想,在行为学中逐渐形成了“自然本体”的思想,通过徐渭在《读龙惕书》中的论述对其“自然本体观”形成的过程进行论述,并以此观点观照徐渭的绘画创作,可以分析其绘画美学特征与哲学思想的渊源。

MindManager在教育技术课程理论教学中的实践研究

教育信息化的核心是教学信息化,但目前在教育技术课程理论教学中,还缺乏能有效减轻教师教学、学生学习负担,明显提高教学质量的教学软件。作为一款著名的思维导图工具Mindjet公司的MindManager操作简单,功能强大,通过两年多的实践,笔者探索了MindManager在教育技术课程理论教学中应用的方式,总结了它的作用,发现了应用中的一些问题。

PBL教学法结合思维导图在口腔颌面部损伤教学中的应用探索

目的 探讨以问题为基础教学法(problem based learning,PBL)结合思维导图在“口腔颌面部损伤”章节教学中的应用效果。方法 2020年8月-2021年1月,选择滨州医学院2017级口腔医学本科学生为研究对象,共24名,随机分为试验组、对照组,各12名。在《口腔颌面外科学》的“口腔颌面部损伤”章节教学中,试验组采用PBL教学法结合思维导图教学,对照组采用传统以授课为基础(lecture based learning,LBL)的教学。通过问卷调查和理论测试的方法对2种教学方法的效果进行评价。结果 试验组学生自身理论知识的理解、临床诊断和治疗水平、自主学习能力、相互协作能力、自身沟通能力以及课堂活跃程度方面均有所提高。两组理论基础知识成绩比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);试验组病例分析成绩优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 学生对于PBL教学法结合思维导图的认可度较高,提高了学生病例分析成绩,增强了教学效果。

身心语言程式学理论结合正念减压疗法对乳腺癌患者焦虑抑郁情绪、生活质量的影响

目的:探讨身心语言程式学理论结合正念减压疗法对乳腺癌患者焦虑抑郁情绪、生活质量的影响。方法:将150例乳腺癌患者随机纳入A组和B组,两组分别采用常规护理措施与身心语言程式学理论结合正念减压疗法的护理措施,比较两组患者干预前、后焦虑抑郁情绪、生活质量变化情况。结果:干预后,B组焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、中文版压力知觉量表(CPSS)评分低于A组(t=13.908,15.554,5.580;P<0.05),癌症患者生活质量评定量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)各维度评分均高于A组(t=8.036,6.762,6.219,6.371,19.460,7.711;P<0.05)。结论:采用身心语言程式学理论结合正念减压疗法对乳腺癌患者进行干预可有效缓解焦虑抑郁情绪,减轻压力,提高生活质量。

论张景岳治郁思想对阳明心学的继承与发挥

[目的]探析明代王阳明心学对张景岳治郁思想的影响。[方法]借助辨章学术与考镜源流的历史文献研究方法,梳理张景岳基于阳明心学本体-体用-工夫修养的宏大视域,创立中医郁证治疗新理论的发展脉络,阐发张景岳治郁思想对阳明心学的继承与发挥。[结果]人心与人情、心性与情志是阳明心学关注的核心议题,张景岳创立情志合称、情志致郁、因郁而病、从虚论郁、知行疗郁的郁证诊疗理论,体现了其医学思想对阳明心学的继承与发挥。[结论]张景岳治郁思想继承与发挥了阳明心学的奥义,发展构建了极具创新意义的中医郁证诊疗理论,剖析其阳明心学思想进路下的治郁思想,有益于中医郁证的诊疗实践。