Impairment of Continuous Insulin Delivery Therapy and Analysis from Graeco-Latin Square Design Model

The desire to deliver measured amount of insulin continuously to patients with type I diabetes, for glycemic control, has attracted a lot of attention. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion has seen some success in recent years. However, occlusion of insulin delivery may prevent the patient from receiving the prescribed dosage, with adverse consequence. An in vitro study of insulin delivery is performed, using different insulin pumps, insulin analogs and operating conditions. The aim is to identify incidences of occlusion due to bubble formation in the infusion line. A detailed statistical analysis was performed on the data collected to determine any significant differences and deviations in insulin delivery rates that might be due to factors such as: pump type, the set basal flow rate, insulin type, vibration, and possible insulin occlusion due to air bubble formation within the infusion line. Our findings from the Graeco-Latin Square design model show that there are statistical differences due to the devices, and statistical identifiable clusters are used to distinguish the devices. Such hierarchical models used to describe the analyses, include the flow rate, the pump types, and the activity level.

Uncertainty Analysis in CFD for Resistance

Based on the Latin square design of statistics, the thickness of first boundary layer, the turbulence model and the cell number were taken as the three main factors of uncertainty in CFD （computational fluid dynamics）. Total resistance of hull was calculated and the flow field around the hull was simulated by CFD method. Then, the influence of uncertainty factors on the hull resistance was discussed by regression analysis with trimmed mesh and overset mesh. Through a series of calculation and analysis, the optimal calculation method was put forward, and the relevant parameters of the calculation were determined. Thirdly, the total resistance of different speed was calculated by using these two kinds of grids, which were in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, according to the ITTC recommended procedures, uncertainty analysis in CFD was carried out with the numerical results of the total resistance by three sets of grids with uniform refinement ratio rG = √2. Then the modified resistance was compared with the experimental result, which improved the accuracy of the resistance prediction.

Evaluation of design schemes for urban squares in arid climate cities,Mendoza,Argentina

The design of urban squares in the city of Mendoza,Argentina,is based on aesthetic and landscaping criteria without consider strategies to enhance the benefits that green areas generate on the city's micrometeorological conditions.The paper aims to evaluate different design alternatives with the purpose to determine which proportion and distribution of green and sealed areas contributes to achieve the best conditions in terms of thermal behavior and comfort.ENVI-met software was used to simulate thermal conditions over twenty three scenarios,and COMFA method was employed to determine comfort in the scenarios that show the best thermal behaviour and are representative of current design trends.The results show that the most effective scheme for the memorial squares rehabilitation is the one concentrating 60%of woodlot around a sealed center with an area that does not exceed 20%the square surface.Another effective alternative is the one concentrating 60%of woodlot at the center of the area.These findings highlight the importance of an adequate relation between proportion and distribution of woodlot/sealed areas to improve thermal performance and comfort conditions of open spaces.

Design and analysis of superlens based on complex two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal

We theoretically demonstrate the imaging properties of a complex two-dimensional(2D) face-centered square lattice photonic crystal(PC) made from germanium cylinders in air background. The finitedifference time-domain(FDTD) method is employed to calculate the band structure and simulate image construction. The band diagram of the complex structure is significantly compressed. Negative refraction occurs in the second energy band with negative phase velocity at a frequency of 0.228(2πc/a), which is lower than results from previous studies. Lower negative refraction frequency leads to higher image resolution. Numerical results show that the spatial resolution of the system reaches 0.7296λ, which is lower than the incident wavelength.