Chronic active and atrophic gastritis as significant contributing factor to the development of gastric cystica profunda

Gastric cystica profunda(GCP)is an uncommon but underestimated gastric lesion.Its precancerous potential determines its significance.In addition to previous mucosa injury due to operations,biopsy or polypectomy,chronic active and atrophic gastritis may also lead to the development of GCPs.By carefully examining the stomach and taking biopsy samples from the susceptible regions,the stage of atrophy can be determined.Chronic atrophic gastritis is a risk factor for cancer evolvement and it can also contribute to GCPs formation.GCPs frequently occur close to early gastric cancers(EGCs)or EGC can arise from the cystic glands.Endoscopic resection is an effective and minimally invasive treat-ment in GCP.

A quantitative model for danger degree evaluation of staged operation of earth dam reservoir in flood season and its application

Based on the natural disaster risk evaluation mode, a quantitative danger degree evaluation model was developed to evaluate the danger degree of earth dam reservoir staged operation in the flood season. A formula for the overtopping risk rate of the earth dam reservoir staged operation was established, with consideration of the joint effect of flood and wind waves in the flood sub-seasons with the Monte Carlo method, and the integrated overtopping risk rate for the whole flood season was obtained via the total probability approach. A composite normalized function was used to transform the dam overtopping risk rate into the danger degree, on a scale of 0-1. Danger degree gradating criteria were divided by four significant characteristic values of the dam overtopping rate, and corresponding guidelines for danger evaluation are explained in detail in this paper. Examples indicated that the dam overtopping danger degree of the Chengbihe Reservoir in China was 0.33-0.57, within the range of moderate danger level, and the flood-limiting water level （FLWL） can be adjusted to 185.00 m for the early and main flood seasons, and 185.00-187.50 m for the late flood season. The proposed quantitative model offers a theoretical basis for determination of the value of the danger degree of an earth dam reservoir under normal operation as well as the optimal scheduling scheme for the reservoir in each stage of the flood season.

Optimal early refill rules for Danjiangkou Reservoir

Water levels in reservoirs are generally not allowed to exceed the flood-limited water level during the flood season, which means that huge amounts of water spill in order to provide adequate storage for flood prevention and that it is difficult to fill the reservoir fully at the end of year. Early reservoir refill is an effective method for addressing the contradiction between the needs of flood control and of comprehensive utilization. This study selected the Danjiangkou Reservoir, which is the water source for the middle route of the South-North Water Diversion Project （SNWDP） in China, as a case study, and analyzed the necessity and operational feasibility of early reservoir refill. An early reservoir refill model is proposed based on the maximum average storage ratio, optimized by the progressive optimality algorithm, and the optimal scheduling schemes were obtained. Results show that the best time of refill operation for the Danjiangkou Reservoir is September 15, and the upper limit water level during September is 166 m. The proposed early refill scheme, in stages, can increase the annual average storage ratio from 77.51% to 81.99%, and decrease spilled water from 2.439 × 109 m^3 to 1.692×109 m^3, in comparison to the original design scheme. The suggested early significant comprehensive benefits, which decision-making. reservoir refill scheme can be easily operated with may provide a good reference for scheduling

Clinical Study on Early Post-operational Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy and Salviae in Treating Patients of Gastric Cancer

Objective: To evaluate the safety, feasibility and short term efficacy of early post operational intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) combined with Salviae miltiorrhizae (SM) in treating patients with gastric cancer. Methods: The 136 patients enrolled were divided into 3 groups: the EPIC group, the EPVC group and the control group. The former two groups were treated with SM plus 5 FU started from the second or third day after operation for 5 continuous days by intraperitoneal infusion or intravenous dripping respectively, and the control group was untreated but conventional chemotherapy was given 3 weeks after surgical operation. Toxic and adverse effects of chemotherapy, post operational complications, short term survival rate and intra abdominal tumor recurrence rate were observed and compared.Results: (1) Toxic adverse effects of chemotherapy that occurred in the EPIC group were less than those in the EPVC group significantly ( P <0.05 0.01). (2) Occurrence of serious complications in the EPIC group was not higher than that in the other two groups. (3) The 1 and 2 year survival rate in the EPIC group was higher than those in the other two groups respectively ( P <0.01), while the post operational intra abdominal recurrence rate in EPIC group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups ( P <0.05). Conclusions: Combined therapy of SM and 5 FU in treating patients with gastric cancer by intraperitoneal infusion is not only safe and feasible with mild toxic and side effect, but also produces a more beneficial effects, including less intra abdominal recurrence and satisfactory short term survival rate .