The development of Fructus corni quality standard considering the effects of processing

The quality standards for Fructus Comi have been established based on the effects of the manufacturing processes.Three critical process parameters(CPPs)of extraction,filtration,and concentration to prepare Fructus Comi concentrate were identified by Plackett-Burman design with a single batch of Fructus Corni,which were heating medium temperature,extraction time,and water addition.Morroniside yield,loganin yield,and dry matter yield were process critical quality attributes(CQAs).CPPs arranged with a Box-Behnken design were applied to treat different batches of Fructus Comi After constructing a model that included CPPs,material propertie s,and process CQAs,loganin content was found to be the critical material attribute(CMA).The design space was calculated with a probability method.According to the limits of process CQAs,the minimum content of loganin in Fructus Corni was calculated with an error propagation method,which was 6.92 mg·g^(-1).When the content of loganin in Fructus Corni reaches up to 6.92 mg·g^(-1),the material is considered high-quality and is most suitable for the process.High-quality material can be used for production of Fructus Comi concentrate.This method can also be used to set material quality standards for other Chinese medicines.

Preparation of bovine liver candidate reference material

The bovine liver candidate reference material specially for micro analytical techniques was prepared. The preparation process including material collection, dried, pulverize, sieve, homogenization and preliminary test was described in detail. The more effective grinding methods were established to achieve the median particle size of 22μm.

Scanning proton microprobe microanalysis for the assessmentof homogeneity of IAEA urban dust reference materials

In order to develop new reference materials for microanalytical nuclear techniques, scanning proton microprobe (SPM) technique was used to determine homogeneity level within 100×200 μm 2 micro area on the small pieces of IAEA urban dust reference materials. The experimental methods were described in detail. The results show that IAEA 396A/M Vienna urban dust is homogeneous enough for small sample analysis of standard reference material (SRM).

Simultaneous measurement of 16 bisphenol A analogues in house dust and evaluation of two sampling techniques

Bisphenol A(BPA)is a high production volume(HPV)chemical used to make polycarbonate(PC)plastics and epoxy resins.Due to its potential adverse health effects,BPA has been restricted or banned in some products and thus many alternatives to BPA have been introduced into the market.Most of these alternatives such as bisphenol S(BPS),bisphenol F(BPF),and bisphenol M(BPM),have similar chemical structures to BPA and termed as BPA analogues(BPAAs).In this study,a method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 BPAAs in indoor dust by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS).The method was sensitive,with method detection limits(MDLs)ranging from 0.001 mg/g to 0.017 mg/g.The method demonstrated good recoveries(>80%)for the majority of the target compounds and was applied to the analysis of dust samples collected from 2007 to 2010 in 13 cities across Canada under the Canadian House Dust Study(CHDS).Samples were collected using two different techniques:household vacuum dust samples collected from household vacuum bags(HD);fresh vacuum dust(FD)samples collected by a trained technician from dry floor surfaces.In addition to BPA with 100%detection in 119 HD samples,BPS,BPF,and BPM were detected with high detection frequencies(>75%)with median(range)concentrations of 0.242(<0.017-35.1)mg/g,0.123(<0.007-2.67)mg/g,and 0.028(<0.005-0.908)mg/g,respectively,suggesting their wide use in various applications.Other BPAAs were not detected or detected with very low frequencies and at low levels.This study shows that BPAA concentrations in dust sampled from household vacuum bags compare well with concentrations observed in fresh dust collected from the same homes,suggesting that HD sampling could be a cost-effective alternative to FD sampling.The method was also applied to the analysis of a standard reference material e NIST SRM 2585(organic contaminants in house dust).So far there are no certified values for BPAAs in SRM 2585.In this study only three BPAAs were detected in SRM 2585,with mean values of 34.2(±2.3)mg/g for BPA,1.88(±0.22)mg/g for BPS,and 0.297(±0.052)mg/g for BPF.