This paper reports a channel simulation of an indoor optical wireless multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system with non-imaging receivers. The system consists of a 2×2 array of white light-emitting diodes (LE...This paper reports a channel simulation of an indoor optical wireless multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system with non-imaging receivers. The system consists of a 2×2 array of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and 2×2 array of PDs. An overview of the model specifications, channel impulse response and channel capacity are demonstrated in this paper. The distribution of the first reflection is analyzed. The effect of SNR and the location of receivers on non-imaging optical MIMO communications are investigated. In addition, by moving the receivers, the optimal location of the communication is found.展开更多
Nanoclay-enabled self-supporting printing has been emerging as a promising filament-based extrusion fabrication approach for different biomedical and engineering applications including tissue engineering. With the add...Nanoclay-enabled self-supporting printing has been emerging as a promising filament-based extrusion fabrication approach for different biomedical and engineering applications including tissue engineering. With the addition of nanoclay powders, liquid build materials may exhibit solid-like behavior upon extrusion and can be directly printed in air into complex three-dimensional structures. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of nanoclay on the extrudability of N-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAAm） and the effect of standoff distance on the print quality during nanoclay-enabled direct printing. It is found that the addition of nanoclay can significantly improve the NIPAAm extrudability and effectively eliminate die swelling in material extrusion. In addition, with the increase of standoff distance, deposited filaments change from over-deposited to well-defined to stretched to broken, the filament width decreases, and the print fidelity deteriorates. A mathematical model is further proposed to determine the optimal standoff distance to achieve better print fidelity during nanoclay-enabled direct printing. Based on the extrudability and standoff distance knowledge from this study, NIPAAm-Laponite nanoclay and NIPAAm-Laponite nanoclay-graphene oxide nanocomposite hydrogel precursors are successfully printed into a three-layered one-dimensional responsive pattern, demonstrating the good extrudability and print quality during nanoclay-enabled printing under optimal printing conditions.展开更多
In this study,the effects of standoff distance （SOD） on the supersonic flow fields （including gas and particle flow fields） during cold gas dynamic spraying （ CGDS ） are investigated by means of computational fl...In this study,the effects of standoff distance （SOD） on the supersonic flow fields （including gas and particle flow fields） during cold gas dynamic spraying （ CGDS ） are investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics （CFD）. The variation of velocity,temperature,pressure and density with different SoD is elucidated through the analysis of the distribution properties of the flow fields. It is found that the shock waves in front of the substrate remarkably influence the gas and particle flow fields. The wave system of expansion waves and pressure waves come into being continuously. The velocity of gas reaches the super.,;onic speed at the position of the Mach disc, while it decreases sharply when the gas flow crosses the Mach disc. The optirnal SoDs are 40 mm for 1 um particles and 50 mm for both 5 um and 22 um particles.展开更多
Doklam Standoff, a crisis of Sino-Indian bilateral relations, was a large-scale military deployment between China and India. The crisis reflects the newly forming distrust between the two countries that led to an outb...Doklam Standoff, a crisis of Sino-Indian bilateral relations, was a large-scale military deployment between China and India. The crisis reflects the newly forming distrust between the two countries that led to an outburst as a result of a series of conflicts over the past two years, which signifies that Sino-Indian relations are entering a new stage characterized by increasingly obvious structural conflict. On the surface, the Modi Administration designed the crisis to stop China from building border infrastructure, to pursue its own absolute security, to maintain South Asian order dominated by India, and to consolidate the basis of strategic cooperation among India, the United States and Japan. Ultimately, however, the British buffer zone theory, the Mandala theory, the Brahmin supremacy theory in traditional Indian culture and the US Monroe Doctrine have also shaped the mindset and behavioral patterns of the Modi Administration. Under the influence of seeking absolute security and its strategic culture, as well as the strong desire to be a great power, the assertive Modi Administration has obviously strengthened its precautionary measures and hostilities toward China. The relations between the two countries are becoming tense. In order to achieve the goal of ＂dragon and elephant dancing together＂, and to avoid the recurrence of crises like the Doklam Standoff, the two sides have to adhere to the two basic principles of viewing each other as opporttmities for development instead of threats to each other. The mindset of a zero-sum game should be abandoned, and efforts should be made to co-found mutual respect and win-win cooperation in areas of common interest.展开更多
现有的standoff跟踪制导方法在进行机动目标跟踪时不能同时满足响应速度和稳态精度的要求.对用于航路跟踪的参考点制导法(RPG,Reference Point Guidance)进行改进,推导了无人机(UAV,Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)在跟踪机动目标时的横侧向...现有的standoff跟踪制导方法在进行机动目标跟踪时不能同时满足响应速度和稳态精度的要求.对用于航路跟踪的参考点制导法(RPG,Reference Point Guidance)进行改进,推导了无人机(UAV,Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)在跟踪机动目标时的横侧向制导规律.采用二阶非线性微分方程对UAV和目标相对距离的调节过程进行建模,在此基础上分析了改进后RPG的渐近稳定性.仿真结果表明,相比Lyapunov向量场(LVFG,Lyapunov Vector Field Guidance)和模型预测控制(MPC,Model-based Predictive Control)的制导方法,改进RPG的跟踪误差和时间乘以误差绝对值积分(ITAE,Integrated Time Absolute Error)指标均优于LVFG和MPC.因此,所提制导规律能够对机动目标的运动进行有效补偿,并具有更快的响应速度、更高的稳态精度和较好的实时性.展开更多
文摘This paper reports a channel simulation of an indoor optical wireless multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system with non-imaging receivers. The system consists of a 2×2 array of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and 2×2 array of PDs. An overview of the model specifications, channel impulse response and channel capacity are demonstrated in this paper. The distribution of the first reflection is analyzed. The effect of SNR and the location of receivers on non-imaging optical MIMO communications are investigated. In addition, by moving the receivers, the optimal location of the communication is found.
基金This study was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation （NSF CMMI-1634755）.
文摘Nanoclay-enabled self-supporting printing has been emerging as a promising filament-based extrusion fabrication approach for different biomedical and engineering applications including tissue engineering. With the addition of nanoclay powders, liquid build materials may exhibit solid-like behavior upon extrusion and can be directly printed in air into complex three-dimensional structures. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of nanoclay on the extrudability of N-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAAm） and the effect of standoff distance on the print quality during nanoclay-enabled direct printing. It is found that the addition of nanoclay can significantly improve the NIPAAm extrudability and effectively eliminate die swelling in material extrusion. In addition, with the increase of standoff distance, deposited filaments change from over-deposited to well-defined to stretched to broken, the filament width decreases, and the print fidelity deteriorates. A mathematical model is further proposed to determine the optimal standoff distance to achieve better print fidelity during nanoclay-enabled direct printing. Based on the extrudability and standoff distance knowledge from this study, NIPAAm-Laponite nanoclay and NIPAAm-Laponite nanoclay-graphene oxide nanocomposite hydrogel precursors are successfully printed into a three-layered one-dimensional responsive pattern, demonstrating the good extrudability and print quality during nanoclay-enabled printing under optimal printing conditions.
文摘In this study,the effects of standoff distance （SOD） on the supersonic flow fields （including gas and particle flow fields） during cold gas dynamic spraying （ CGDS ） are investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics （CFD）. The variation of velocity,temperature,pressure and density with different SoD is elucidated through the analysis of the distribution properties of the flow fields. It is found that the shock waves in front of the substrate remarkably influence the gas and particle flow fields. The wave system of expansion waves and pressure waves come into being continuously. The velocity of gas reaches the super.,;onic speed at the position of the Mach disc, while it decreases sharply when the gas flow crosses the Mach disc. The optirnal SoDs are 40 mm for 1 um particles and 50 mm for both 5 um and 22 um particles.
文摘Doklam Standoff, a crisis of Sino-Indian bilateral relations, was a large-scale military deployment between China and India. The crisis reflects the newly forming distrust between the two countries that led to an outburst as a result of a series of conflicts over the past two years, which signifies that Sino-Indian relations are entering a new stage characterized by increasingly obvious structural conflict. On the surface, the Modi Administration designed the crisis to stop China from building border infrastructure, to pursue its own absolute security, to maintain South Asian order dominated by India, and to consolidate the basis of strategic cooperation among India, the United States and Japan. Ultimately, however, the British buffer zone theory, the Mandala theory, the Brahmin supremacy theory in traditional Indian culture and the US Monroe Doctrine have also shaped the mindset and behavioral patterns of the Modi Administration. Under the influence of seeking absolute security and its strategic culture, as well as the strong desire to be a great power, the assertive Modi Administration has obviously strengthened its precautionary measures and hostilities toward China. The relations between the two countries are becoming tense. In order to achieve the goal of ＂dragon and elephant dancing together＂, and to avoid the recurrence of crises like the Doklam Standoff, the two sides have to adhere to the two basic principles of viewing each other as opporttmities for development instead of threats to each other. The mindset of a zero-sum game should be abandoned, and efforts should be made to co-found mutual respect and win-win cooperation in areas of common interest.
文摘现有的standoff跟踪制导方法在进行机动目标跟踪时不能同时满足响应速度和稳态精度的要求.对用于航路跟踪的参考点制导法(RPG,Reference Point Guidance)进行改进,推导了无人机(UAV,Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)在跟踪机动目标时的横侧向制导规律.采用二阶非线性微分方程对UAV和目标相对距离的调节过程进行建模,在此基础上分析了改进后RPG的渐近稳定性.仿真结果表明,相比Lyapunov向量场(LVFG,Lyapunov Vector Field Guidance)和模型预测控制(MPC,Model-based Predictive Control)的制导方法,改进RPG的跟踪误差和时间乘以误差绝对值积分(ITAE,Integrated Time Absolute Error)指标均优于LVFG和MPC.因此,所提制导规律能够对机动目标的运动进行有效补偿,并具有更快的响应速度、更高的稳态精度和较好的实时性.
