Drilling mud is a key component in drilling operations and in accessing oil and gas reservoirs. Bentonite is applied as a viscosifier, fluid loss control agent, and as a weighting material in water-based drilling mud....Drilling mud is a key component in drilling operations and in accessing oil and gas reservoirs. Bentonite is applied as a viscosifier, fluid loss control agent, and as a weighting material in water-based drilling mud. The type of bentonite used in drilling mud formulation is sodium bentonite due to its high dispersion properties and high swelling capacity. Nigeria has a huge bentonite clay deposit resources which can be evaluated and enhanced in order to be utilized as drilling mud. However, bentonite clay from different parts of Nigeria was investigated and found to be calcium bentonite which is not suitable for drilling mud, because it has low swelling capacity and poor rheological properties. In this study, local bentonite obtained from Afuze, Edo state was used to formulate different samples of drilling mud with each treated using thermo-chemical beneficiation process with sodium carbonate and cassava starch, and then undergo characterization to identify the changes in physical properties and finally, draw comparison with API values for standard drilling mud. The results obtained from this study indicates that, the flow and rheological properties of the beneficiated drilling mud developed through thermo-chemical treatment, showed significant improvement compared to the untreated mud. Therefore, pure calcium bentonite from natural deposits in Nigeria can be modified to sodium bentonite and sufficiently used in drilling mud formulation.展开更多
以淀粉型甘薯为原料,利用单因素试验研究不同淀粉乳质量浓度、pH值、压热温度、压热时间及冷却回生时间对甘薯三型抗性淀粉(resistant starch type 3,RS3)得率的影响,并通过响应面设计优化制备工艺。结果显示,响应面试验得出的最优制备...以淀粉型甘薯为原料,利用单因素试验研究不同淀粉乳质量浓度、pH值、压热温度、压热时间及冷却回生时间对甘薯三型抗性淀粉(resistant starch type 3,RS3)得率的影响,并通过响应面设计优化制备工艺。结果显示,响应面试验得出的最优制备条件为淀粉乳浓度13%、pH5.5、压热温度110℃、压热时间35 min,此时RS3得率为37.94%,与预测值仅相差0.92%,响应面模型与实际情况拟合良好。甘薯抗性淀粉RS3的体外抗消化特性研究表明,RS3的酶解率和模拟消化道的消化率低,展示很强的抗酶解、抗消化特性。电镜结果显示,RS3颗粒呈不规则块状,表面凹凸不平;结晶型以B型为主,颗粒有序度降低,双螺旋程度和结晶度提高,与原淀粉相比结构更加紧密,这些结构特性可以解释甘薯RS3的抗消化特性。展开更多
文摘Drilling mud is a key component in drilling operations and in accessing oil and gas reservoirs. Bentonite is applied as a viscosifier, fluid loss control agent, and as a weighting material in water-based drilling mud. The type of bentonite used in drilling mud formulation is sodium bentonite due to its high dispersion properties and high swelling capacity. Nigeria has a huge bentonite clay deposit resources which can be evaluated and enhanced in order to be utilized as drilling mud. However, bentonite clay from different parts of Nigeria was investigated and found to be calcium bentonite which is not suitable for drilling mud, because it has low swelling capacity and poor rheological properties. In this study, local bentonite obtained from Afuze, Edo state was used to formulate different samples of drilling mud with each treated using thermo-chemical beneficiation process with sodium carbonate and cassava starch, and then undergo characterization to identify the changes in physical properties and finally, draw comparison with API values for standard drilling mud. The results obtained from this study indicates that, the flow and rheological properties of the beneficiated drilling mud developed through thermo-chemical treatment, showed significant improvement compared to the untreated mud. Therefore, pure calcium bentonite from natural deposits in Nigeria can be modified to sodium bentonite and sufficiently used in drilling mud formulation.
文摘以淀粉型甘薯为原料,利用单因素试验研究不同淀粉乳质量浓度、pH值、压热温度、压热时间及冷却回生时间对甘薯三型抗性淀粉(resistant starch type 3,RS3)得率的影响,并通过响应面设计优化制备工艺。结果显示,响应面试验得出的最优制备条件为淀粉乳浓度13%、pH5.5、压热温度110℃、压热时间35 min,此时RS3得率为37.94%,与预测值仅相差0.92%,响应面模型与实际情况拟合良好。甘薯抗性淀粉RS3的体外抗消化特性研究表明,RS3的酶解率和模拟消化道的消化率低,展示很强的抗酶解、抗消化特性。电镜结果显示,RS3颗粒呈不规则块状,表面凹凸不平;结晶型以B型为主,颗粒有序度降低,双螺旋程度和结晶度提高,与原淀粉相比结构更加紧密,这些结构特性可以解释甘薯RS3的抗消化特性。
