Radical Right Parties in the Political System of States： Theoretical and Practical Aspects

The article deals with the question of whether far-right parties are able to influence the political and party system in the contemporary state. Far-right parties have acquired special political features that are grounded on a broad variety of far-right ideological norms and political instruments. Far-right parties challenge the state government and policy offering the key （anti-immigration politics） to solve a variety of complicated issues. The main idea of the article is that far-right parties are flexible enough in their political rhetoric and instruments to gain electoral support. Based on different concepts and theories we should underline that far-right parties have a prominent electoral future but their place in the political arena greatly depends on existing conflicts of social and cultural nature in the nation-state.

国际环境法中非国家参与者主体地位的理论探析

在传统主体理念的背景下,国际环境法的主体仅限于国家和政府间国际组织,但随着非政府组织和个人在当今全球环境治理中的作用凸显,固有的主体论受到很大冲击。在系统总结和概括非政府组织和个人这两种非国家参与者在国际环境法领域现有地位、局限性与理论争议的基础上,认为应有限地承认其主体地位。这不仅符合法律主体扩大化的法理趋势与国际环境法的独立性和特殊性,也具有发扬全球环境治理模式、顺应市民社会发展和人权保护潮流、肯认非国家参与者实际作用的现实意义。因此,应通过灵活的定义选择、构建地位不平等的多元法律主体谱系、创设特殊主体资格承认的具体条件等路径,打造有限承认非国家参与者主体地位的具体模式,适当扩充现有国际环境法主体范围,使非国家参与者的主体地位在一定范围内得到彰显。

CHINA CREATING “1+N” CENTRIC MODEL OF STATE GOVERNANCE

Through 40 years of reform and open-up,China’s system is no longer a monocentric one of centralized control and at the same time neither is it a polycentric one,but rather it is a"1+N"centric model of governance.It is a model that combines polycentric with monocentric with several centers,all of which however are centering on a mono-center.

On the Relationship Between Human Rights Protection and the Modernization of State Governance

The protection of human rights inherently related to modern state-governance. On the one hand, human rights protection is the foundation and criteria for modern state-governance, characterized by democracy, rule of law and civility, with human rights as a cross-cutting theme in all these elements. On the other hand, human rights protection provides conditions and motives for modernizing state governance. Human rights are pursued as a fundamental value in modern state-governance. Human rights protection is also a driving force for good governance and a touchstone for the modernity of governance.

Preservation of Human Rights as the Basis and Objective of a Modern State Governance System

A good state governance system, which features democracy, scientific decision-making, efficiency, civility and rule of law, is indispensable for realizing the Chinese Dream. As both the foundation and the objective of a good governance system, human rights protection should be integrated in all the processes of building a modern governance system. Adherence to public law in administration should be guaranteed in this connection.

Human Rights Protection in the Modernization of China's State Governance

In China, the development of human rights is an inherent part of good governance, as reflected in the following: Firstly, people are able to participate in social and public administration through exercising their 'democratic rights' under the constitution. Secondly, citizens' fundamental human rights and other civil rights are protected by law. Thirdly, people's rights to know and to express are expanding. Fourthly, the Chinese government is responsive to people's demands, ready to accept their supervision, and is doing its best to improve their living standard. To modernize governance, China must adhere to human rights principles by guaranteeing people's rights to participation, to information and to supervision, and by protecting the fundamental rights of the disadvantaged.

The Modernization of State Governance Will Promote Protection of Civil and Political Rights

The modernization of state governance and innovation in governing measures will strengthen the protection of human rights in China, including civil and political rights. Firstly, legal control over public power will reduce arbitrary restrictions on civil rights. Secondly, public participation in policy-making will provide more opportunities for citizens to exercise their political rights. Thirdly, governing by law will better guarantee equal protection of law for all people. Fourthly, an effective accountability mechanism will reinforce people's right of supervision. Lastly, innovation in governing measures will help identify and satisfy citizens' demands.

Digital Transformation and the Frontier of China's State Governance

Digital transformation has emerged as a significant area of interest for scholars in global political science and public administration.The advancement of digital technologies is driving a comprehensive transformation across the economy,society,and governance,thereby profoundly affecting the state governance of China.The introduction of new technologies has altered traditional power dynamics,leading to centralization and empowerment-the power redistribution issue of the digital era,which is a fundamental concern in China's state governance.The effects of technological power,including empowerment and disempowerment of various entities,give rise to or reinforce four secondary issues:the problem of data silos and collaborative governance in internal government operations,the challenges related to technological deficits and platform regulation in market regulation,the issues of the digital divide and social justice in social governance,and concerns about privacy,transparency,and rights asymmetry.This paper integrates specific cases from China's digital transformation and digital government initiatives to examine these cuttingedge issues and to analyze the impact of digital government reforms implemented by local Chinese governments on traditional government theories.

Adjustment and Reorganization of the Diversified Dispute Resolution from the Perspective of State Governance

The diversified dispute resolution(DDR)in China is different from the alternative dispute resolution(ADR)in Western countries with respect to its fundamental cause and political,economic,social,and cultural backgrounds.To better understand the DDR,the academic community shall go beyond the superficial feature of"distributing the burden of litigation"of the ADR in Western countries and consider it as the basic institutional arrangement and regular governance practice of state governance.Furthermore,we can adjust and reorganize the DDR based on such understanding.Specificaly,after understanding the general features of dispute resolution forms,we should mobilize,aggregate,integrate,and use the dispute resolution resources in a society to improve and expand non-litigation dispute resolution forms and increase the overall supply of dispute resolution resources.Understanding the real features of disputes in China and its specific demands for dispute resolution.guide or regulate the choice of dispute resolution foms for the parties to a dispute through reasonable system design,so that the dispute resolution demands and dispute resolution forms can be matched.In particular,the Communist Party of China(CPC)and Chinese governments should play the leading and organizing role in the DDR,to comprehensively improve the effectiveness of the"Pluralistic-Unity-Style"dispute resolution.

论国家治理与国家审计边界的界定

随着政府角色的定位与财政职能的演进,和我国从"自产国家"向"税收国家"过渡,对国家治理构成了巨大的挑战,意味着需要重新构建国家与社会关系。同时,国家审计与国家财政有着本质的内在联系,国家财政的转型必然要求和带动国家审计在国家治理中的地位和作用的转变。国家治理是通过提供公共产品来实现的,纳税人向国家缴纳税收的目的是为了换取满足其需要的公共产品,可见,公共产品在构建国家与社会的关系中处于至关重要的地位。为了实现公共产品高效、公平地满足纳税人的需要,作为国家治理系统中发挥监控作用的国家审计必须相应地变革。因此,本文提出将国家审计的客体定位于公共产品,以保障国家审计服务于国家治理、履行其公共受托社会责任、有效发挥"免疫系统"功能。

山西省民营医院调查研究

目的:通过定量和定性数据的收集,了解山西省民营医院的发展现状与存在问题,并进行探讨。方法:在山西省范围内以问卷形式对民营医院进行调查,并对资料进行描述性分析。结果:山西省民营医院发展迅速,但整体上规模较小、分布不均,人力资源缺乏,注重专科特色,存在工作效率和效益偏低等问题。结论:民营医院要顺应新形势、抓住新政策带来的发展机遇,加强自身管理和建设,注重引进人才和培养,诚信经营,促进自身健康、持续、快速发展。政府要落实好政策,鼓励和支持民营医院的发展,加快多元化办医的格局的形成。

国家法团主义视域下政府与非政府组织的互动关系研究

本研究以法团主义理论为基础,以授权、控制和垄断性等概念为分析工具,运用个案研究方法对上海市不同类型的非政府组织与政府的互动关系这一议题,做了比较深入和全面的分析与探讨。从国家法团主义的理论视角来看,由个案与政府互动关系的研究中可以提出以下两个创新概念:"庇护性国家法团主义"和"层级性国家法团主义"。采用同样的理论视角来观察中国的国家与社会之间的关系,本研究的发现是:它们正经历着一个由"直柱型的国家与社会关系状态"向"漏斗型的国家与社会关系状态"的转变过程,这种转变多少显现了国家与社会关系已经出现了模糊的分界。

审计全覆盖视域下的审计法变迁方向及其逻辑

以如何从修改审计法的角度实现审计监督转型为基点,试图从审计信息公开制度、审计监督问责制度、审计监督成果转化制度三方面的法律制度建设,为多角度突破审计监督效果的固有局限提供制度保障,亦即达成审计全覆盖战略目标的三个着力点。通过这些法律制度跟进举措的贯彻,力求使新格局下的审计监督与国家监察在反腐败领域发挥协同作用。

政府转型与现代国家治理体系的建构——60年来政府体制演变的内在逻辑

政府、市场、社会关系的动态平衡,政府间职责权限的合理分工,是考察现代国家治理体系成长的两个重要维度。从全能主义国家向法治政府、市场经济、公民社会三元鼎立,从中央高度集权向中央集权与地方分权相统一转变,是60年以来国家治理模式演变的基本趋势,政府角色的转型则构成这一变迁的中轴逻辑。新形势下的政府体制改革需要确立现代国家治理体系建设的整体性思维,以明确政府转型的战略目标与现实路径。

论作为非国家机构的政府

作为非国家机构的政府是同人类社会与生俱来并共始终的。在整个阶级、国家社会,国家机构的政府与非国家机构的政府也是并存互动消长的。这种并存互动的消长过程同政治、政府体系、非政府组织、第三部门等问题既相关联又相区别。探讨非国家机构的政府问题,有利于处理好党政关系,推进中国特色的政府治理和政治发展。

美国州际高等教育财政投入的第三种选择及镜鉴

美国州际高等教育财政投入走的是第三种道路,即非均衡协调投入的道路选择。非均衡协调投入的运行机制涵盖竞争机制、宏观调控机制与法律保障机制。美国州际高等教育财政非均衡投入对中国的启示,合理布局各类高校的财政投入,加大对欠发达地区高等教育的财政支持,健全学生资助体系,实施高等教育财政投入绩效评估。

浙江省民营医院的运行情况调查

目的:通过对浙江省民营医院运行情况的调查和研究,为政府制定卫生政策提供依据。方法:利用常规统计资料,对台州市的17家民营医院和31家公立医院的相关数据进行比较分析,并通过问卷调查,收集了300名居民对民营医疗服务的利用和评价。结果:多数民营医院规模小,整体实力不强,很难与公立医院竞争;民营医院重点提供住院服务,药品收入比例和人均住院费用明显低于公立医院;居民对民营医院的利用在15%左右,在服务态度等方面对民营医院的评价超过公立医院。结论:卫生行政部门要充分认识到民营医院的作用和目前的困境,创造一个公平有序的环境,积极引导其健康发展。

社会学视域下的美国语言治理解读

不少学者通过对美国语言政策的研究认为,美国社会对英语以外的语言采取的是宽容态度。这一观点忽视了美国政府的自由民主管理模式。运用福柯的治理理论分析可知,美国对语言的治理是民主政治的主要组成部分,其通过语言治理以培养适合美国社会所需的共和国公民;从英语作为当前美国官方语言来看,争论双方是殊途同归,语言治理的目标依然是塑造合格的"共和国机器"。

试论日本早期国家官制的形成与发展

因为卑弥呼女王的王权尚处于早期的原始阶段，故其官制很不完备，只能说是出现了早期国家官制的萌芽。倭五王时期的官制还是属于一种日本早期国家特色的以地方首长和大王之间的人身依附关系为基础的带有浓厚的贵族血缘特色的统治形式，具有非制度化的特点，而且其官职大多受中国官职的影响，氏族血统作为授予职位的唯一依据。不过与弥生时代的邪马台国的官制相比，则已经标志着日本早期国家官制的形成。圣德太子所实施的冠位制进一步发展了日本早期国家官制，作为早期国家官制发展的一个顶峰，具有开创性的历史意义，由此形成了日本古代国家官僚制度的核心一位阶制的雏形。

发展型国家论的研究传统与中国悖论

发展型国家论中存在两个研究传统:第一个研究传统重视政商关系和资本形成,流行于政治学和行政学界;第二个研究传统关注政企关系和资源使用,具有经济学和管理学色彩。在发展型国家论的初创期,分别以主流和潜流形式存在的两个研究传统相互补充,为发展型国家论的发展提供了空间,连续的理论突破就是在这样的空间中实现的。在后续发展中,二者渐行渐远,发展型国家论的理论空间日益狭窄,理论突破的可能性受到限制。这种研究格局从未被识别,但是对于发展型国家论的发展具有重要影响。在20世纪90年代中期之前,每当被引入关于重要新兴经济体的分析,发展型国家论都会经历一次重要的理论突破。但是,发展型国家论与中国实践的相遇并未带来类似突破,此即发展型国家论的中国悖论。两个研究传统的疏离是发展型国家论的中国悖论的成因之一,两个研究传统的统合是推动基于发展型国家论的中国研究的重要方向。