Effects of notches on the order of flux-closure state formation in bi-rings by micromagnetic simulation

The effects of the number and the location of notches on the formation of flux-closure states in bi-rings with fields applied in the x direction （i.e., along the short axis direction of hi-rings） and y direction （i.e., along the long axis direction of bi-rings） are investigated using micromagnetic simulation. For the bi-rings with one notch and the bi-rings with two notches symmetric about y axis, the order of flux-closure state formation in each ring can be controlled. But the flux-closure state forms simultaneously in each ring for the bi-rings with two notches symmetric about x axis. For the bi-rings with two notches that are symmetric neither about x axis nor about y axis, only one ring can form a flux- closure state in the y-direction field and no fluxclosure state can be found in rings in the x-direction field. Therefore, logic states can be defined by controlling the order of flux-closure state formation, which can be utilized in future logic devices.

Final bound-state formation effect on dark matter annihilation

If two annihilation products of dark matter(DM)particles are non-relativistic and couple to a light force mediator,their plane wave functions are modified due to multiple exchanges of the force mediator.This gives rise to the final state Sommerfeld(FSS)effect.It is also possible that the final state particles form a bound state.Both the FSS effect and final bound-state(FBS)effect need to be considered in the calculation of the DM relic abundance.The annihilation products can be non-relativistic if their masses are comparable to those of the annihilating DM particles.We study the FSS and FBS effects in the mass-degenerate region using two specific models.Both models serve to illustrate different partial-wave contributions in the calculations of the FSS and FBS effects.We find that the FBS effect can be comparable to the FSS effect when the annihilation products couple strongly with a light force mediator.Those effects significantly modify the DM relic abundance.

Probabilistic Teleportation of Two—Particle State of General Formation

A scheme for probabilistic teleporting an unknown two-particle state of general formation by partly pure entangled four-particle state is proposed. It is shown that after performing two Bell state measurements, proper unitary transformation and the measurement on an auxiliary qubit, the unknown two-particle state of general formation, which was destroyed at one place, can be reconstructed at another place with certain probability.

Role of Disclinations and Nanocrystalline State in the Formation of Quasicrystalline Phases on Mechanical Alloying of Cu-Fe Powders

Elemental powders of Cu and Fe were ball milled for various time durations up to 100 h. The various stages of forced alloying by ball milling, leading to instability of elemental crystalline phases and formation of quasicrystalline phases were monitored using X-ray diffraction. Diffusion of Fe into the Cu matrix is proposed as the cause which triggers the instability of crystalline phases and leads to the formation of quasicrystalline phases after 10 h of milling. Milling for 100 h resulted in two different quasicrystalline phases with different lattice constants. Role of the nanocrystalline microstructure as an important criterion for the destabilisation of crystalline phases is explained. It is suggested that the formation of nanocrystalline microstructure and their subsequent transformation into quasicrystalline phases may be associated with a continuous increase in the disclination content of the system, which had formed as a result of continued milling and mechanical deformation.

Cs-Mg-H合金的形成能力与成键机制研究

采用基于密度泛函理论第一性原理的Vienna Abinitio Simulation Package(VASP)软件研究了CsMgH3,Cs4Mg3H10和Cs2MgH4氢化物的晶体结构、反应焓和电子结构.结果表明CsMgH3,Cs4Mg3H10和Cs2MgH4都能直接由单质Cs和Mg在H2中反应生成,其中Cs4Mg3H10的形成能力最强;态密度和电荷密度的分析与讨论表明了Mg和H的成键机制为离子键伴随着显著的共价键.

Strangers and Migrants in the Making of African Societies:A Conceptual and Historical Review

At the extremes,there are two forms of engagement with strangers—the anthropophagic,where outsiders are swallowed and digested,and the anthropoemic,where aliens are discarded,institutionalized,incarcerated or expelled.Using this dyad as a conceptual tool,I examine seven patterns of inclusion/exclusion in African societies,covering early agricultural societies,the formation of kingdoms,societies formed by refugees,strangers in pre-colonial cities,migrants in colonial cities,ethnic expulsions as a result of modem state formation and migrants in contemporary global cities.The aim of the article,based on an extensive review of secondary literature,is to add historical,comparative and typological elements to an often inadequate sociological and anthropological sensibility concerning hosts and strangers.

Divine or Cursed:Understanding the Conflict Syndrome in Royal Myths of Pre-modern Northeast India

The transition from pre-state to state societies involves some ideological facets.In pre-modern states of India,especially from the post-Gupta period onwards,the ruling authorities tried to legitimize their position by claiming ancestry/lineage from Brahmanical deities.The ruling dynasties patronized Brahmanism,and in return,the Brahmanas created myths of divine genealogy,which elevated the status of the former.The pre-modern states of northeast India were not an exception to it.The rulers of northeast India established Brahmanas and claimed divine genealogy with the help of myths created by the latter.Although they patronized Brahmanism,the ruling dynasties never entirely abandoned their tribal traditions from which they originated because most of their subjects remained outside the Brahmanical faith.Thus,the ruling authorities played the role of mediator between the two different traditions,which is reflected in the contradictory nature of the royal myths created through the agency of the Brahmanas.Focusing on the early kingdoms of Pragjyotisa-Kamarupa,the Ahoms,and the Koches of the medieval period,the paper attempts to explore the conflict syndrome in their royal myths and the polity formations of these pre-modern kingdoms.It helps us understand the particularity of political processes in peripheral regions like northeast India.