The Conflict and Balance Between Intellectual Property Rights and Public Freedom of Information in the“Anti-circumvention Clause”

There is a long-standing conflict between intellectual property rights and public freedom of information.The continuous development of the“anti-circumvention clause”has caused the conflict to intensify.As a basic human right,freedom of information is being gradually eroded by the expansion of intellectual property rights.The existing research mainly carries on the right balance from the negative protection path,but the positive protection path is more advantageous to realizing the public freedom of information and alleviates the conflict between the two kinds of rights.In practice,there are some problems in the application of the anti-circumvention clause,such as the legality of the aim,the division of the protected part,and the determination of the circumvention.This is mainly due to the lack of restrictions on technical measures,the failure to distinguish between“copyright protection”and“contact control”,and the offside and absence of administrative bodies in practice.We should protect public freedom of information by distinguishing the two measures of copyright protection and contact control and the two torts of access and use,increasing the restrictive conditions for the use of technical protection measures,and changing the functions of administrative supervision agencies.

Study on the Effect of Fibers on the Properties of Asphalt Mastics

To study the influence of fiber on the properties of asphalt mortar,the properties of lignin fiber,polyester fiber,and basalt fiber were summarized and analyzed respectively.The high-and low-temperature properties of fiber asphalt mortar were studied and analyzed by using three indexes,rutting factor and tensile fracture energy.The results showed that all three kinds of fibers could improve the performance of asphalt mortar to varying degrees,with lignin fiber demonstrating the best effect,followed by basalt fiber and polyester fiber.The type the fiber can be selected based on the required thermal stability and cost depending on the project type.

A Study on Intellectual Property Right Protection of Geographical Indications and Regional Public Brand Building in Xinjiang

This paper studies the geographical indication resources of Xinjiang and their distribution in administrative regions,national grain production functional zones,protected zones for production of major agricultural products,advantageous areas of Chinese characteristic agricultural products,and national advantageous characteristic industrial clusters.It analyzes the main problems existing in the protection of intellectual property rights of geographical indications.Besides,it discusses the strategies for the protection of intellectual property rights of geographical indications in the autonomous region and the building of regional public brands in the contest of the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property and rural revitalization strategy.Finally,it comes up with recommendations,including collecting and sorting out the human factors and natural factors of geographical indications of famous,excellent and special products,strengthening the protection of geographical indications of Xinjiang cotton and its products,enhancing the protection of geographical indications of grain and oil crops and sugar beet,implementing the protection of geographical indications for products with special needs for ethnic minorities,building national geographical indication product protection demonstration areas,formulating national and international standards for geographical indication products,and take full advantage of the EU-China Agreement on Cooperation on and Protection of Geographical Indications to actively participate in the EU protection of geographical indications.

A Brief Analysis about the Public Property Attribute of the Fiscal and Taxation Law

From the date of birth, the fiscal and taxation law in China is always rooted in Chinese land, Chinese resources and aimed at solving Chinese problem.As a famous scholar on the fiscal and taxation law professor Jianwen liu once said： ＂the fiscal and taxation law is a very important law, it not only involves the entire country macro economic operation but also involves the interests of families and everyone＇s interests.＂This article will combine professor Jianwen Liu＇ s research results in the past two years, from the view of the field of law to discuss why the fiscal and taxation law known as public property.

The Discussion on Railway Public Property Right and State-capital Formation Mechanism

During the process of private enterprise and relaxing control, the railway industry of the entire world reserves considerably proportional state enterprise and state capital. One important reason of these economic phenomena is that there are many establishment collectivities in the railway industry. Every railway transportation enterprise uses the railway network, the hinge, the organizing group station and even the control center, take the format of public property and state capital to organize the relative transportation resources, which is more efficient in many instances than the private property right and capital, which is also the important economic reason why in the railway industry all of the world there are still ubiquitous for the public property rights and state-capital.

Landmark Law Provides Equal Safeguards to Public,Private Property

Atier more than a quarter-century of market-oriented economic policies and unprecedented economic growths, China on March 15, 2007enacted its first law that provides equal legal safeguards to both public and private properties. The 247-article People＇s Republic of China Property Law, which is due to come into effect as of October 1, 2007, stipulates that ＂the property of the State, the collecfive, the individual and other obligees shall be protected by law, and no units or individuals may infringe upon it＂.

Private Rights Absorbed in Quasi-public Goods: A Probe into the Relationship of Intellectual Property Rights and Standardization

Standards are a double edge sword and have come to be the main technical tariff and a window for market access to international trade. Standards are closely related to intellectual property, especially patents. The essence of intellectual property in standardization lies in the fact that standards are a kind of quasi-public good, while patents are essentially private property. The absorption of patents into standards creates an opportunity for a patent holder to take advantage by making a profit. To prevent the abuse of patents in standards by the patent holder, SDOs (Standards Development Organizations) have to adjust the disclosure policies of the standards in patents.

数据产权法律构造论

在数字经济环境中,数据已成为一种新型生产要素,需要更好地挖掘和开发其经济价值。数据不同于传统有体物以及知识产权客体的特征和属性使其在法律制度构建和运行上也具有特殊性。数据产权制度是数据基础制度的核心内容,其应涵盖保护数据主体合法权益、协调和平衡数据利益关系、促进数据有序流动和分享、促进数据要素利益公平分配等内容。数据产权的法律构造旨在建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权和数据产品经营权的数据动态流转和价值实现机制,最终服务于数字经济发展目标。

面向区域创新的高校知识产权信息公共服务营销策略研究

优质的知识产权信息公共服务供给将有效发挥知识产权对区域经济社会发展的支撑作用。作为区域网点机构,高校知识产权信息公共服务营销策略对于知识产权信息公共服务推广与实践,满足社会公众信息服务的可及性、便利性需求,具有理论价值和现实意义。本文对30家高校国家知识产权信息服务中心营销效果现状展开调研,结合实践经验进行问题分析,并从区域创新需求视角出发构建面向区域创新的高校知识产权信息公共服务营销框架,从而提出相应策略。研究策略为高校知识产权信息公共服务提供了针对性较强的参考。

NASA技术转移中的知识产权管理及对公共研究机构的启示

聚焦公共研究机构的知识产权管理问题,以美国国家航空航天局(NASA)为研究对象,对其成熟的技术转移体系背后的国家法律支持以及知识产权管理政策和规范进行分析,重点关注其机构知识产权所有权归属、技术转移机制/流程和内部技术转移机构设置、角色和职责设计、技术许可商业化流程及技术转移的收益分配和奖励。公共研究机构可以从NASA成功的经验中获得如下启示:在遵循国家法律政策的基础上,完善知识产权所有权归属和使用权的相关规定,探索新的举措;建立更规范且操作性强的技术转移业务流程,针对技术批露、知识产权申请预评估与申请决策、技术商业化决策等管理关键环节构建有效管理机制;从业务流程出发建立更清晰的部门和岗位职责设置,重视专业人才队伍培养和引进;从建立知识产权管理平台、完善利益分配和奖励制度等角度构建科学的知识产权管理政策体系,以促进技术转移活动的开展。

公共图书馆参与公众知识产权素养培育:角色与路径

公共图书馆是知识产权信息公共服务体系的组成部分,是开展知识产权信息公共服务的社会化服务机构。在国家政策支持、机构职能保障、馆藏资源满足等优势下,加之受“行业转型发展的内在需求”“提高公众素养的有效举措”“创新服务内容的重要手段”的综合影响,公共图书馆参与知识产权素养培育具有一定的可行性,可扮演担当者、新阵地、协作者等角色。未来,公共图书馆应通过以下路径来提升知识产权素养培育的影响力:以提高认识为前提,彰显行业属性;以馆藏资源为依托,重视团队建设;以公众需求为导向,完善培育体系;以多方协作为契机,完善相关机制。

公物法视域下国家文化公园的法治化运行

建设国家文化公园是当前我国文化建设中的重要工作,也是丰富公民文化生活,提升公民文化权利保障程度的关键一环。国家文化公园在建设过程中遇到定位不清、主体不明确、运行规则不健全等难题,集中表现为法治理论资源供给不充分。公物制度作为行政组织法的重要制度内容,与国家文化公园在公益性、国家性和复合性三个层面具有内在共通性,同时能够克服国家文化公园建设中的主体地位不清、基本属性不明确、管理体制不健全等诸多难题。公物制度的先天优势为国家文化公园建设主体与管理体制的厘定提供依据,明确国家文化公园的建设程序和治理模式,同时为国家文化公园的运行理念、运行方式、运行界限、纠纷解决方式等运行规则的建构提供理论支撑。

物权视角下新加坡有盖连廊建设机制探析

有盖连廊是适应炎热多雨气候特征,塑造城市步行友好环境和高质量城市公共空间的重要街道设施。梳理新加坡有盖连廊的发展历史,切入有盖连廊体系的物权结构,提炼出私有、公有、共有三种物权形态的连廊建设模式,指出涵盖多种物权形态的连廊建设机制是有盖连廊体系形成网络化和连通性的制度保障,精细化的设计导控规则是连廊体系无缝连接的技术支撑,高效持续的运维反馈机制是有盖连廊落地实施的效果保证。新加坡有盖连廊建设经验对我国岭南地区推广和建设有盖步行体系具有重要的启示意义。

数据三权分置制度释论:底层逻辑、法理反思与法律实现

数据产权分置涵括建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权、数据产品经营权分置的产权运行机制,这与数据从资源到要素再到产品的价值创造规律高度契合。尽管数据产权与数据财产权存在映射关系,但财产权所构筑的人为排他性,会增加数据流通和利用的成本,对数据价值实现产生相应影响,这也给数据产权分置政策转化为法律规范带来挑战。目前从数据主体视角出发形成的单一产权或二元权利结构,与“数据产权结构性分置”之政策意蕴和方向性策略不相一致。为此,要确保数据确权不偏离政策目标并实现“三权分置”的制度功能,就需要回归到数据客体视角,探索数据价值形态梯次变化的底层逻辑,破解既有数据确权研究中的理论困境,进而对数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权、数据产品经营权的配置提供必要的制度供给。

《知产证据规定》第6条解读——公文书证实质证明力限缩之新路径

在《知产证据规定》颁布之前,行政行为认定的事实依托公文书证的证明力推定规则,通过《民诉法解释》第114条对民事诉讼中的证明产生影响。《知产证据规定》第6条明确了行政行为认定的基本事实在民事诉讼中具有免证效力,该事实应当限缩解释为公文书载明的对可诉行政行为产生实质影响的事实理由,需要相对方承担本证的举证责任方可推翻。该条款在知识产权诉讼领域对公文书证实质证明力进行限缩,采取的路径是从公文书证的内容出发限缩其实质证明力。这一方案具有内在的合理性与普遍适用的可能性,为公文书证实质证明力规则的完善提供了新路径。

公共数据商业化利用:市场价值、竞争理路与法治化促进

公共数据兼具社会公共属性和市场商业价值,是优质生产要素,其商业化利用涵盖开放、开发、流通等多个环节。在实现数字权力向数字资产转化的场景中,公共数据商业化利用需统筹安全与发展、归集与共享、管制与流通等多个维度和价值。当前,我国公共数据范围界定未明确,相关主体面临不愿、不会、不敢开放,还存在无序失序利用的问题。基于此,结合公共数据特征,科学界定公共数据范围,借助《反不正当竞争法》第三次修订的契机,扩展“商业数据”条款为“数据商业化利用”条款,以数据行为为基础,将公共数据纳入数据商业化利用范畴,构建以反不正当竞争法为基础的公共数据商业化利用规则体系。在保障高水平安全的前提下,鼓励和支持公共数据商业化流通使用。

河南省知识产权公共服务平台现状调查与高质量发展研究

【目的】研究河南省知识产权公共服务平台建设现状和发展对策,为高质量现代化知识产权强省建设提供有力支撑。【方法】通过网站调研了解河南省知识产权公共服务平台的现状和问题,提出促进其高质量发展的具体措施。【结果】河南省在郑州、洛阳、新乡、安阳、漯河、驻马店、焦作等7个地区建有知识产权公共服务平台,但存在地区分布不均、平台质量参差不齐、平台入口设置和友情链接不规范等问题。【结论】为实现河南省知识产权公共服务平台的高质量发展,全省各地应从做好知识产权公共服务平台的系统规划、多元主体协同保障知识产权公共服务平台的质量、线上线下结合共促知识产权公共服务平台的宣传与推广等方面着手。

非法吸收公众存款罪退赃退赔从宽条款的适用研究

《刑法修正案(十一)》增设非法吸收公众存款罪的退赃退赔从宽条款,其正当化依据在于行为人通过积极实施退赃退赔行为,证明其对法规范忠诚程度的恢复以及自身可谴责性的降低,从而得到宽缓化处罚。该条款在司法实践中存在适用时间僵化、“积极性”认定标准主观化以及行为要件与结果要件关系错乱的困境。为应对以上困境,应当将退赃退赔时间延长至一审判决作出前,综合多重因素判断行为人退赃退赔的积极性,并且将“减少损害结果发生”作为“积极退赃退赔”的结果要件和本质体现。

知识产权法中公共领域的经济理性与制度反思——基于悲剧(喜剧)理论的比较分析

系统梳理悲剧(喜剧)理论可以发现:由于存在多元创新动机与非排他性激励机制,排他权利的创新激励作用有被过分夸大之嫌,公共领域之于创新的经济理性——降低交易成本、鼓励动态交互与促进正外部性外化,未能得到充分重视。科学的知识财产观念与制度应当重视公共领域的作用,充分利用非排他性激励机制与从宽设置知识产权豁免机制。

公共数据授权运营分级标准构建

公共数据分级授权有别于数据分级开放,其分级标准不应照搬公共数据分级开放标准而设计。构建分级标准是开展分级授权运营的前提,对于弥补现行公共数据授权运营行为不足具有重要的意义。构建公共数据分级授权标准应以符合公共数据作为公共财产之公共性和财产性特征为导向。通过应用场景分析,拆解公共数据不同层级的使用权,可以为构建分级授权标准提供权利限度框架。公共数据分级授权标准是对数据使用权的合理控制。结合数据安全和数据价值,在权利限度框架下划分不同大小的数据使用权控制级别,形成分级授权标准:完全授权、可转让授权、开发授权和直接使用授权。通过“区分准入资格”“明确协议权利范围”“差异化监管”以及“分级动态反馈”的具体适用规则,使分级授权标准嵌入公共数据授权运营的全过程。