Investigation and analysis of leveling deformation anomaly at Daixian station in Shanxi

The leveling measurements at Daixian station appeared increasing trend since March 25, 2013, which is credible, showing normal fault activity. According to the environmental survey, it contains some interference factors： first, the wind is big when the leveling measures in the afternoon, which has certain influence on the measurement results, but the impact is random and should be near the base value and not appear a trend. Second, the point BM3 was maintained during Sep. to Oct. in 2012 and occurred cracks in 2013, showing that the poor stability around the point. In addition, the change of recorded program is only to change the way of data record and can not affect the observation results during the same period.

Simulation by Dislocation Model and Anomaly Property Determination of Huge Leveling Deformation at Linfen Seismic Station

In this study,under the assumption that the two huge leveling deformation anomalies at Linfen seismic station were caused by the Luoyunshan fault( Tumen-Yuli section)movement, we computed the vertical deformation field distribution based on the rectangular fault dislocation model and measured the ground deformation field of the study area using D-InS AR technology. The results are as follows:( 1) Theoretically,the ground vertical deformation field caused by fault movement could be within the elliptical deformation area with the long axis parallel to the fault strike. The largest deformation region is located in the center of the area in the hanging wall of the fault,and the deformation gradually decreases to zero toward the periphery; the impact range induced by the two deformations is respectively as follows: The long axes are about 18 km and26km,the short axes are about 12 km and 17 km and the obvious deformation amplitude is about 1- 3mm and 4- 14 mm.( 2) The measured deformation field by D-InS AR shows that there is no continuous deformation area consistent with the fault strike,and only the presence of land subsidence possibly caused by groundwater excessive exploitation,with the deformation amplitude about 10- 12 mm and 1- 5mm.( 3) The measured deformation field is not consistent with the theoretical result on deformation area and amplitude,which indicates that the fault movement is not the main cause of Linfen huge leveling deformation,but may rather be because of local deformation of the soil layers in the hanging wall of the fault.( 4) By combining the fault dislocation model simulation with the D-InS AR technology measurement,we can determine effectively the nature of the anomalyof the huge cross-fault leveling deformation,thus provide scientific basis for verification of significant leveling anomalies.

Radioactivity level of the ambient environment of Anren bone-coal power station

The radioactivity level of the ambient environment of Anren Bone-coal Power Station (BCPS) was investigated systematically. The γ radiation dose rate level in the environment, the content of 238U and 226Ra in the ambient soil and the farmland in the direction of downwind, the concentrations of 238U. 232Th. 226Ra 40K and 222Rn as well as α potential energy in air, and the concentrations of natural U and Th in effluent are all higher than the corresponding values of the reference site. The additional annual effective dose equivalent to the residents living in the houses made of bone-coal cinder brick is 2.7 mSv.

Discussion on Improving Decision-making Meteorological Service Level of County-level Meteorological Station

Based on experience of meteorological service at county-level meteorological station in recent 20 years,status quo of decision-making meteorological service,main influence factors of decision-making meteorological service and writing of decision-making meteorological service materials are analyzed,and measures and suggestions of improving decision-making meteorological service level are proposed. The research aims to improve public meteorological service level at grass-roots level,provide scientific decision-making basis for government departments preventing and reducing disaster,and reduce loss of life and property of the country and people caused by meteorological disasters to the maximum extent.

Analysis of Metro Station Ridership Considering Spatial Heterogeneity

This study aims to explore the role of spatial heterogeneity in ridership analysis and examine the relationship between built environment, station attributes and urban rapid transit ridership at the station level.Although spatial heterogeneity has been widely acknowledged in spatial data analysis, it has been rarely considered in travel behavior studies.Four models(three global models-ordinary least squares(OLS), spatial lag model(SLM), spatial error model(SEM) and one local model-geographically weighted regression(GWR) model) are estimated separately to explore the relationship between various independent variables and station ridership, and identify the influence of spatial heterogeneity.Using the data of built environment and station characteristics, the results of diagnostic identify evidence the existence of spatial heterogeneity in station ridership for the metro network in Nanjing, China.Results of comparing the various goodness-of-fit indicators show that, the GWR model yields the best fit of the data, performance followed by the SEM, SLM and OLS model.The results also demonstrate that population, number of lines, number of feeder buses, number of exits, road density and proportion residential area have a significant impact on station ridership.Moreover, the study pays special attention to the spatial variation in the coefficients of the independent variables and their statistical significance.It underlines the importance of taking spatial heterogeneity into account in the station ridership analysis and the decision-making in urban planning.

Creep rupture assessment for Level-2 PSA of a 2-loop PWR： accounting for phenomenological uncertainties

The Level-2 probabilistic safety assessment(PSA) of pressurized water reactors studies the possibility of creep rupture for major reactor coolant system components during the course of high pressure severe accident sequences. The present paper covers this technical issue and tries to quantify its associated phenomenological uncertainties for the development of Level-2 PSA. A framework is proposed for the formal quantification of uncertainties in the Level-2 PSA model of a PWR type nuclear power plant using an integrated deterministic and PSA approach. This is demonstrated for estimation of creep rupture failure probability in station blackout severe accident of a 2-loop PWR, which is the representative case for high pressure sequences. MELCOR 1.8.6 code is employed here as the deterministic tool for the assessment of physical phenomena in the course of accident. In addition, a MATLAB code is developed for quantification of the probabilistic part by treating the uncertainties through separation of aleatory and epistemic sources of uncertainty.The probability for steam generator tube creep rupture is estimated at 0.17.

Climate Variabilities of Sea Level around the Korean Peninsula

In order to study the climate variabilities of the sea level around the Korean Peninsula, tidal data observed at local stations in Korea were compared against those obtained using TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimetric sea level data. In the course of our study, the amount of sea level rise was estimated using the tidal data from 9 stations selected by an anomaly coherency analysis. The results indicated that the sea level has risen by 0.28 cm yr-1 around the Korean Peninsula over the past two decades. The extent of such a rise is about two times higher than that of the global increase (0.1-0.2 cm yr-1). However, because most global warming effects occurred mainly over mid- and high-latitudes, this level of change appears to be realistic. According to the spectral analysis (at a spectral window of k=2, k is the number of subdivisions), the decadal band of sea level variability is computed at 30% of the energy. Its spectral peak is found at 12.8 years. In the interannual band, the predominant sea level variability is in the 1.4-1.9-year band, with a sharp peak at 1.6 years. A secondary peak, although marginal, has a period of 2.2 years. Based on our estimates of sea level height from Topex/Poseidon, the quasi-biennial periodicity of 1.6 years is the representative interannual sea level variability in the seas adjacent to Korea. Trends vary greatly according to the geographical location, from a maximum of 1.0 cm yr-1 (the southern sector of the East Sea) to a minimum of 0.17 cm yr-1 (the northern sector of the East Sea). This is fairly consistent with the qualitative description already given with reference to the global map. As an analogue to the pattern seen in Korea, that of the Yellow Sea reveals practically the same trend as that of the adjacent seas (0.56 cm yr-1). However, in the case of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) data, there is no clear evidence of a linkage between the interannual sea level variability around the Korean Peninsula and ENSO.

合理确定排涝泵站规模的感潮河道模型试验研究

合理确定泵站规模一直是感潮河道排涝工程设计中的关键问题。通过建立物理模型,在选定的水文边界条件和相应工程运行要求下,对某感潮水系两座涌口泵站规模进行试验研究。试验发现,受限于河涌过流能力,泵站规模存在临界值,超过该值后,即使再进一步增加泵站规模,水位也不会继续下降;泵站抽排对某位置水位的降低效应与泵站和该位置之间的距离密切相关,距离越近,水位降低越明显。基于上述认识,通过试验确定了满足水位管控要求的两座泵站规模的合理组合:距离相对较远的温涌泵站为80 m3/s,较近的金紫涌泵站为130 m~3/s。试验方法和主要成果可为工程方案比选及优化提供重要依据,对类似河涌整治工程也具有一定的借鉴意义。

风光热储互补发电系统容量配置技术研究

针对无常规电源支撑的风光热储互补发电系统,协调规划装机容量对提高发电系统运行经济性和利用率具有重要意义。提出了一种双层优化配置方法,上层以最小度电成本及弃电率为目标,确定系统装机容量;下层以新能源发电消纳最大为目标,解决功率分配问题。通过反复迭代寻优,得到系统容量配置;然后;通过纳什谈判对优化结果进行选择;最后,对甘肃河西地区数据进行仿真分析。结果表明:风光热储互补发电系统最优容量配置下的度电成本为0.3064元/(k W·h);风电场加光伏电站装机容量与光热电站装机容量的最优比为6:1,对比相同装机容量的风光互补发电系统,风光热储互补发电系统具有更高的稳定性。

Energy Estimation and Optimization Platform for 4G and the Future Base Station System Early-Stage Design

There are already several power models to estimate the power consumption of base stations at system level. However, there is so far no model that can predict power consumption of the future base station designs based on algorithms and hardware selections with insufficient physical information. We present such an energy model for typical base stations. This model can help designers in estimating, evaluating and optimizing energy/power consumption of candidate designs in early design stages. The proposed model is verified by an LTE extreme scenario. The estimated results show that digital front-end, channel equalization and channel decoding are three major power greedy modules(consuming 39.4%, 16.3%, 13.4%) in a digital baseband subsystem. The power estimation error of the proposed power amplifier(PA) power model is 3.5%(macro cell). The major contribution of this paper is that the proposed models can rapidly estimate energy/power consumption of 4G and the future base stations(such as 5G) in early design stages with well acceptable precision, even without sufficient implementation information.

普速铁路控制网测量技术方法探讨

为改善普速铁路有砟轨道长期运营后容易变形、损坏,线位逐年变化导致维修难度和维修成本增高等难题,对引入坐标控制的相关可行性方案进行探讨,并对测量费用、测量精度、测量效率及技术前景等进行分析。研究表明:直接引入高速铁路CPⅢ控制网测量方法,必将导致精度有余而效率不足等适用性问题。基于全站仪免置平测量的三维平差技术对控制网进行整体施测和整体平差,为控制网测量与线路测量合二为一创造了条件,数据资源利用率大幅提高,有利于测量效率的提升;避开了高程异常的解算,为高程测量精度的提高另辟蹊径;为全站仪工程测量坐标系统、卫星测量地心坐标系统的统一提供一种新的思路和方法。因此,不宜直接引入高速铁路CPⅢ控制网测量方法,而基于全站仪免置平测量的三维平差技术与方法在诸多方面都具有良好特性和应用前景,值得研究和推广。

地铁车站顶层高强钢筋节点抗震性能试验研究

研究目的:地铁车站顶板上方由于铺设管线需要,要求覆土较厚,造成顶板荷载较大,导致顶梁截面增大;由于城市路面宽度限制,需减小柱截面,以节约地下使用空间,形成“强梁弱柱”的结构形式,对结构抗震带来不利影响。为提高地铁车站顶节点抗震性能,本文以某地铁车站梁柱节点为研究对象,制作缩小尺寸(缩尺)模型试件,开展低周往复试验,研究柱中配置高强钢筋对顶节点破坏形态、承载能力、耗能能力等抗震性能指标的影响。研究结论:(1)柱中配置高强钢筋和普通钢筋的节点,均为强梁弱柱式的破坏形态,但配置高强纵筋能够减轻顶层梁节点处柱的破坏程度;(2)在柱中配置高强纵筋能够明显提升顶层梁柱节点的承载和变形能力,延缓刚度退化速率,提高耗能能力,从而改善节点抗震性能;(3)本研究成果可为以地铁为代表的复杂地下结构梁柱节点的设计优化提供一定的理论参考。

合肥市地下两层标准车站主体结构设计分析

文章结合合肥市2~7号线地下两层标准车站主体结构设计情况,从主要结构构件尺寸、配筋率、梁柱节点、诱导缝等方面进行总结,在统计已经成功实施的11座地下两层标准车站主体结构设计参数的基础上,根据站台宽度和结构的不同,从板、墙、梁、柱等主要受力构件的尺寸和配筋率等方面进行统计分析,得出规律和指导性指标,并对部分细节做法提出了完善建议。

昌景黄铁路南昌东站抗浮设防水位研究

研究目的:抗浮设防水位是站房基坑工程中一个十分重要的参数,其数值过高会极大增加工程造价,过低又存在工程风险。现行的规范只有原则性的规定,没有也不可能有量化的取值标准。因此,对于有大型基坑的车站工程,进行抗浮设防水位的专项勘察研究,具有重要的工程意义。本文以昌景黄高速铁路南昌东站基坑工程为例,通过现场实测的孔隙水压力、室内外渗透性试验、地下水渗流场模型试验等方法,对抗浮设防水位的确定进行研究。研究结论:(1)抗浮设防水位建议值:使用期可按场坪标高以下0.5 m(即绝对标高20.00 m)取值,施工期按场坪标高(即绝对标高20.50 m)取值,如后期拟建工程的场坪标高有调整,建议使用期按调整后的场坪标高以下0.5 m取值,施工期按调整后的场坪标高取值;(2)工程场地瑶湖、赣抚平原总干渠和抚河等地表水与地下水难以形成水力联系;地下水的承压水与基岩裂隙水存在直接的水力联系,承压水向基岩裂隙中渗流,在基岩裂隙水丰富且具有承压性的区域,基岩裂隙水向上补给承压水;(3)拟建工程场地中,上层滞水和承压水均位于拟建建筑物基底以上,对工程有较大影响,地下水水位的变化对拟建建筑物的抗浮设防设计有重要的影响;(4)上层滞水远期最高水位按工程建设后的地坪标高考虑,承压水远期最高水位标高按19.00 m考虑;(5)本研究成果可为类似工程抗浮设防水位的确定提供借鉴与参考。

Overvoltage and Insulation Coordination for ±1 100 kV UHVDC Converter Station

In order to specify the overvoltage and insulation level of equipments in ±1 100 kV UHVDC converter stations,the arrester configuration scheme and some basic parameters for ±1 100 kV Zhundong converter station are proposed.Overvoltage of equipments in AC system,valve hall,DC busbar,and neutral busbar are also calculated in accordance with the fundamental principles of arrester configuration for UHV converter stations and the existing experiences in insulation coordination of ±800 kV UHVDC converter stations.The work is done also for specifing insulation levels for ±1 100 kV UHVDC converter stations of the ±1 100 kV UHVDC power transmission project from Zhundong to Sichuan in China.Thus,the recommended insulation margins that determine the insulation levels of converter station equipments are proposed: the insulation margins for thyristor valves are 10%/10%/15% for switching impulse/ lightning impulse/ steer front impulse; the insulation levels of lighting and swtiching impulses are recommended as 2 600 kV and 2 150 kV respectively for 1 100 kV DC buses,and as 2 250 kV and 2 100 kV respectively for equipments at the valve side of high-voltage Y/Y converter transformers.

平准化成本的加氢站供氢路径分析比较研究

为保证加氢站氢气供应、降低氢气终端价格,对不同加氢站供氢路径的经济可行性与适用场景进行了探讨。研究基于氢气的平准化成本建立了典型外供氢加氢站与站内制氢加氢站的经济模型,并对制氢原材料成本、氢气运输距离、能耗等关键影响因素进行敏感度分析,探究了不同来源和供给模式下氢气终端成本的形成机制。此外,通过建立生命周期模型,分析未来可能的碳税对于氢气消费终端价格的影响。结果表明,运输距离与单车承载量是外供氢路径下影响终端成本的主要因素,在考虑碳税情况下这种影响更为显著,而站内制氢路径下影响成本的主要因素为原材料价格和制氢能耗。有机液体储氢运输经济运输距离为220~1700 km,可覆盖我国主要大规模氢气运输场景;天然气站内重整在天然气供应充足、价格低于4元/m^(3)时优势明显;站内电解水与可再生能源发电结合经济和环境优势明显,供氢价格可维持在35元/kg以下。研究指明了我国加氢站不同供氢方式的未来发展方向,为供氢路径选择提供了可靠的经济评价方法,有望对加氢站建设与地区氢能发展政策制定提供有益参考。

一种应用于智能变电站的系统配置描述文件配置方法

变电站配置描述(SCD)文件的正确性是智能变电站安全可靠运行的基础。针对SCD文件配置工作量大、人工参与度过高的问题,提出一种SCD文件配置方法,包含智能化二次设备站控层、过程层通信地址自动配置、过程层虚端子装置级配置及SCD文件远景配置三个方面,可减少SCD文件配置工作量,提高SCD文件配置的自动化水平,缩小变电站改扩建过程中SCD文件频繁修改对二次设备的影响范围,从而保证智能变电站的安全可靠运行。

2022-06-01芦山M_(S)6.1地震流动地震台网部署及余震序列监测

从台站选址、地震仪器设备选择及安装三方面介绍2022-06-01芦山M_(S)6.1地震临时地震台网的部署过程,初步分析流动台网背景噪声特征和余震序列。结果表明,台站部署完成后提高了震区现有台站密度,与固定台站联合组网,提高了地震定位的台站方位角覆盖和科学研究的空间分辨率。受人为噪声的影响,通常流动台站的噪声水平高于固定台站,平均噪声水平高于NHNM和NLNM均值,部分台站接近或高于NHNM值,高频噪声呈现与附近人为活动相关的日变化特征。受此影响,地震台网白天时段记录的地震数目明显少于夜晚时段,且小震事件数量明显减少;余震序列的双差定位结果显示,余震主要分布在小关子断裂北部,呈NE向分布,NE向约10 km,NW向约6 km;采用最大曲率法计算得到余震序列的最小完整性震级M_(C)=1.2,其中夜晚时段M_(C)=1.1,白天时段M_(C)升高至1.4,说明震区白天时段地震监测能力减弱。中强震后的余震序列随时间快速衰减,震后5 d内的余震数量约占整体余震的80%,特别是震后2 d内的余震最为发育。为更好地认识地震发展过程,必须保障流动地震台站快速有效地部署,以发挥监测台站的效能。

兼顾内陆水体水位时空变化特性的合成孔径雷达波形重跟踪算法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)测高技术已被广泛运用于内陆水位监测中,但内陆水域回波复杂,需要波形重跟踪精化才能获取有效水位。内陆水域SAR高度计回波通常包含多个子波形,重跟踪的主要思路是寻找最优子波形,在特定条件下可以获得较合理水位,但在复杂水域或小水体中容易出现最优子波形筛选错误导致水位异常。传统最优子波形筛选主要是基于沿轨或外部数据约束下进行,而本文提出一种不使用外部数据、兼顾了内陆水体水位时间变化连续且空间变化平稳特性的重跟踪算法SaTCoM,首先对波形进行插值平滑,有效提高子波形识别准确度;然后对所有周期沿轨子波形水位集合进行时间向滤波得到参考水位序列;最后将沿轨子波形水位划分为若干区间并将子波形水位“放入”最近区间,在参考水位波动约束下,根据表征沿轨水位空间稳态特性的指标函数,选择最优水位区间子波形水位计算最终水位。选择我国区域68个大中小型水体的水文站实测数据作为验证,对其附近的哨兵-3A/3B/6A卫星SAR回波数据,分别使用SaTCoM算法、OCOG、ICE1、阈值法和MWaPP+算法重跟踪后进行了比较。结果表明,SaTCoM算法所得内陆水体水位与实测数据不符值RMSE为0.34 m,相对RMSE为7.8%,相关性为0.95,在大部分内陆水体中均表现优异,较其他算法有很大优势,在中小水体中尤为明显,同时分析表明时空约束下的SaTCoM算法仍可以有效捕捉水体水位的快速变化。由此表明,本文算法SaTCoM可较好地解决小水体有效水位获取的困难,能够较大地拓展内陆测高数据的应用。