We present a statistical investigation of the degree of influence that assumptions made in relation to the mechanical parameters of a pylon have on its ground-induced vibrations.The study is set up by using as a key k...We present a statistical investigation of the degree of influence that assumptions made in relation to the mechanical parameters of a pylon have on its ground-induced vibrations.The study is set up by using as a key kinematic variable the displacement at the top of a reference,a stand-alone pylon with a uniform cross-section and fixity at its base.Next,statistics are produced using a dimensionless displacement ratio defined between the‘parental’and the‘subsidiary’cases,the latter defined for the pylon(a)resting on compliant soil,(b)having an attached top mass,and(c)being non-uniform with height.Furthermore,two materials are examined,namely,steel and reinforced concrete(R/C).More specifically,this displacement ratio is independent of the excitation and plays the role of a transfer function between the base and the top of the pylon.Both horizontal and vertical motions are considered,and the equations of motion are solved in the frequency domain.The ensuing statistical analysis is conducted for the following parameter combinations:(a)pylon founded on soft,intermediate,and stiff soil;(b)low,intermediate,and high-mass ratios of the attached mass to the pylon′s mass;(c)a constant and quadratic degree of pylon tapering with height.Spearman correlation coefficients are calculated for all the above combinations to arrive at statistical results that establish validity bounds and quantify the degree of influence of each assumption on the pylon′s response.展开更多
Background:Patients with colon cancer who receive chemotherapy usually experience various gastrointestinal adverse reactions,including nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea,which make it challenging for them to adhere to treat...Background:Patients with colon cancer who receive chemotherapy usually experience various gastrointestinal adverse reactions,including nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea,which make it challenging for them to adhere to treatment.As an effective traditional Chinese medicine,the Jianpi Bushen formula has been widely used to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jianpi Bushen formulae for patients who undergo chemotherapy.This statistical analysis plan(SAP)is intended to enhance the transparency and research quality of our randomized controlled trial.Methods:Our study is a multicenter,double-blind,randomized controlled clinical trial.This trial aimed to compare the completion rate of chemotherapy in colon cancer patients who are using and not using Jianpi Bushen formula.To attenuate possible selection bias in the final report,we declared the overall trial design,outcome measures,subgroup analyses,and safety measures.Also,we described the data management and statistical analysis methods in detail.Conclusion:The SAP provides more detailed information than the trial protocol for data management and statistical analysis methods.Further post-hoc analyses can be performed by referring to the SAP,and possible selection bias can be attenuated.展开更多
Phase-matching quantum key distribution is a promising scheme for remote quantum key distribution,breaking through the traditional linear key-rate bound.In practical applications,finite data size can cause significant...Phase-matching quantum key distribution is a promising scheme for remote quantum key distribution,breaking through the traditional linear key-rate bound.In practical applications,finite data size can cause significant system performance to deteriorate when data size is below 1010.In this work,an improved statistical fluctuation analysis method is applied for the first time to two decoy-states phase-matching quantum key distribution,offering a new insight and potential solutions for improving the key generation rate and the maximum transmission distance while maintaining security.Moreover,we also compare the influence of the proposed improved statistical fluctuation analysis method on system performance with those of the Gaussian approximation and Chernoff-Hoeffding boundary methods on system performance.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the key generation rate and maximum transmission distance in comparison with the Chernoff-Hoeffding approach,and approach the results obtained when the Gaussian approximation is employed.At the same time,the proposed scheme retains the same security level as the Chernoff-Hoeffding method,and is even more secure than the Gaussian approximation.展开更多
Allium is a complicated genus that includes approximately 1000 species.Although its morphology is well studied,the taxonomic importance of many morphological traits,including floral traits,are poorly understood.Here,w...Allium is a complicated genus that includes approximately 1000 species.Although its morphology is well studied,the taxonomic importance of many morphological traits,including floral traits,are poorly understood.Here,we examined and measured the floral characteristics of 87 accessions of 74 Allium taxa(belonging to 30 sections and nine subgenera)from Central to Eastern Asian countries.We then examined the taxonomic relationships between select flower characteristics and a phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences.Our results confirm that floral morphology provides key taxonomic information to assess species delimitation in Allium.We found that perianth color is an important characteristic within the subg.Melanocrommyum,Polyprason,and Reticulatobulbosa.In subg.Allium,Cepa,and Rhizirideum,significant characteristics include ovary shape,perianth shape,and inner tepal apex.For species in subg.Angunium,the key taxonomic character is ovule number(only one ovule in per locule).In the subg.Allium,Cepa,Polyprason,and Reticulatobulbosa,which belong to the third evolutionary line of Allium,hood-like appendages occur in the ovary,although these do not occur in subg.Rhizirideum.Our results also indicated that the flower morphology of several species in some sections are not clearly distinguished,e.g.,sect.Sacculiferum(subg.Cepa)and sect.Tenuissima(subg.Rhizirideum).This study provides detailed photographs and descriptions of floral characteristics and information on general distributions,habitats,and phenology of the studied taxa.展开更多
The mesoscale eddy(ME)has a significant influence on the convergence effect in deep-sea acoustic propagation.This paper use statistical approaches to express quantitative relationships between the ME conditions and co...The mesoscale eddy(ME)has a significant influence on the convergence effect in deep-sea acoustic propagation.This paper use statistical approaches to express quantitative relationships between the ME conditions and convergence zone(CZ)characteristics.Based on the Gaussian vortex model,we construct various sound propagation scenarios under different eddy conditions,and carry out sound propagation experiments to obtain simulation samples.With a large number of samples,we first adopt the unified regression to set up analytic relationships between eddy conditions and CZ parameters.The sensitivity of eddy indicators to the CZ is quantitatively analyzed.Then,we adopt the machine learning(ML)algorithms to establish prediction models of CZ parameters by exploring the nonlinear relationships between multiple ME indicators and CZ parameters.Through the research,we can express the influence of ME on the CZ quantitatively,and achieve the rapid prediction of CZ parameters in ocean eddies.The prediction accuracy(R)of the CZ distance(mean R:0.9815)is obviously better than that of the CZ width(mean R:0.8728).Among the three ML algorithms,Gradient Boosting Decision Tree has the best prediction ability(root mean square error(RMSE):0.136),followed by Random Forest(RMSE:0.441)and Extreme Learning Machine(RMSE:0.518).展开更多
The rejected specimens from the Emergency Department of the Center of Clinical Laboratory from January 1,2022 to January 1,2023 were analyzed to reduce the specimen rejection rates and to improve the quality of inspec...The rejected specimens from the Emergency Department of the Center of Clinical Laboratory from January 1,2022 to January 1,2023 were analyzed to reduce the specimen rejection rates and to improve the quality of inspection.The results showed that there were 1488 samples of rejected specimens and the non-conforming rate was 0.58%.The departments involved were mainly the Emergency Department,the Hematology Department,the Cardiology Department,the Intensive Care Department,and the Brain Surgery Department.Among the reasons for rejection,blood hemolysis accounted for 43.15%,blood coagulation accounted for 26.61%,and the rate of insufficient specimens was 17.14%.Among them,the sample rejection rate for arterial blood gas analysis was the highest,which accounted for 1.74%;followed by specimens for coagulation test,which was 1.18%.These results indicate the main reason for producing rejected specimens is mainly due to not following the standard operating procedure.Specimen rejection can largely be avoided if the standards for specimen collection are strictly followed.展开更多
How to simulate interior aerodynamic noise accurately is an important question of a car interior noise reduction. The unsteady aerodynamic pressure on body surfaces is proved to be the key effect factor of car interio...How to simulate interior aerodynamic noise accurately is an important question of a car interior noise reduction. The unsteady aerodynamic pressure on body surfaces is proved to be the key effect factor of car interior aerodynamic noise control in high frequency on high speed. In this paper, a detail statistical energy analysis (SEA) model is built. And the vibra-acoustic power inputs are loaded on the model for the valid result of car interior noise analysis. The model is the solid foundation for further optimization on car interior noise control. After the most sensitive subsystems for the power contribution to car interior noise are pointed by SEA comprehensive analysis, the sound pressure level of car interior aerodynamic noise can be reduced by improving their sound and damping characteristics. The further vehicle testing results show that it is available to improve the interior acoustic performance by using detailed SEA model, which comprised by more than 80 subsystems, with the unsteady aerodynamic pressure calculation on body surfaces and the materials improvement of sound/damping properties. It is able to acquire more than 2 dB reduction on the central frequency in the spectrum over 800 Hz. The proposed optimization method can be looked as a reference of car interior aerodynamic noise control by the detail SEA model integrated unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and sensitivity analysis of acoustic contribution.展开更多
Based on the Tropical Cyclone(TC briefly thereafter)Yearbook 1980-2009,this paper first analyzes the number and intensity change of the TCs which passed directly over or by the side of Poyang Lake(the distance of TC c...Based on the Tropical Cyclone(TC briefly thereafter)Yearbook 1980-2009,this paper first analyzes the number and intensity change of the TCs which passed directly over or by the side of Poyang Lake(the distance of TC center is less than 1°longitude or 1°latitude from the Lake)among all the landfalling TCs in China during the past 30 years.Two cases are examined in detail in this paper.One is severe typhoon Rananim with a speed of 3.26 m/s and a change of 1 hPa in intensity when it was passing the Lake.The other is super typhoon Saomai with a faster moving speed of 6.50 m/s and a larger change in intensity of 6 hPa.Through numerical simulation experiments,this paper analyzes how the change of underlying surface from water to land contributes to the differences in intensity,speed and mesoscale convection of the two TCs when they passed the Lake.Results show that the moisture and dynamic condition above the Lake were favorable for the maintenance of the intensity when Rananim was passing through Poyang Lake,despite the moisture supply from the ocean was cut off.As a result,there was strong convection around the lake which led to a rainfall spinning counter-clockwise as it was affected by the TC movement.However,little impact was seen in the Saomai case.These results indicate that for the TCs coming ashore on Poyang Lake with a slow speed,the large water body is conducive to the sustaining of the intensity and strengthening of the convection around the TC center and the subsequent heavy rainfall.On the contrary,a fast-moving TC is less likely to be influenced by the underlying surface in terms of intensity and speed.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Previously, time data were analyzed by using constituent ratio or relative ratio; however, circular statistical analysis could exactly provide average peak phase of diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate th...BACKGROUND: Previously, time data were analyzed by using constituent ratio or relative ratio; however, circular statistical analysis could exactly provide average peak phase of diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of solar term peak with onset and death of acute ischemic stroke. DESIGN: Retrospective case analysis. SETTINGS: Emergency Department of Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Science and Education, the Second People's Hospital of Foshan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke were selected from Emergency Room, Department of Neurology, Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 1994 to 2002. There were 875 males and 722 females, and their ages ranged from 33 to 97 years. All cases met the diagnostic criteria of acute cerebral infarction modified by the Second National Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting; meanwhile, they were diagnosed with CT/MRI test. Patients and their relatives provided the confirmed consent. METHODS: Solar term of onset was retrospectively analyzed in 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke; among them, solar term of death in 90 cases were analyzed by using circular statistical analysis to calculate peak phase of onset and death of acute ischemic stroke and investigate the correlation of solar term with onset and death of acute ischemic stroke. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Onset and death time of patients with acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS: Solar term of onset in 1 597 patients, especially solar term of death in 90 patients, was not concentrated (P 〉 0.05), and specific peak phase was not found out. Acute ischemic stroke low attacked from vernal equinox to summer begins, but death caused by acute ischemic stroke high attacked from grain buds to autumn begins. CONCLUSION: Patients with acute ischemic stroke do not have specific solar term peak of onset and death.展开更多
Based on best track data of tropical cyclones(TCs) from the Japan Meteorological Agency, the characteristics of suddenly reversed TCs(SRTCs), which have turning angles usually approaching 180°, are statistica...Based on best track data of tropical cyclones(TCs) from the Japan Meteorological Agency, the characteristics of suddenly reversed TCs(SRTCs), which have turning angles usually approaching 180°, are statistically analyzed from 1949 to 2011 over the western North Pacific Ocean. The typical large-scale circulation patterns of SRTCs are investigated using reanalysis data and dynamical composite analysis. Results show that turnings mainly occur in low latitudes between 10°N and 20°N,and mainly west of 135°E. The majority of SRTCs reach their peak intensity at, or slightly before, the turning time and subsequently decrease at some variable rate. Specifically, SRTCs are divided into four types, each containing two groups(i.e.eight groups in total) in terms of the moving-direction changes. The moving speed of all SRTC types except the south–north type decreases to its lowest during the 24 h, corresponding to a significant reduction in the primary steering components.According to the analysis of the 13 typical flow patterns found in this study, we suggest that sudden track changes are caused by the reversal steering flow. The original balance of the background flow patterns are broken up by new systems, e.g. binary TCs or dispersion-induced anticyclones. Additionally, sudden track changes are often due to double ridge variations of the subtropical high or weakened/strengthened high pressure in the east and west, respectively.展开更多
Due to the advances of intelligent transportation system(ITSs),traffic forecasting has gained significant interest as robust traffic prediction acts as an important part in different ITSs namely traffic signal control...Due to the advances of intelligent transportation system(ITSs),traffic forecasting has gained significant interest as robust traffic prediction acts as an important part in different ITSs namely traffic signal control,navigation,route mapping,etc.The traffic prediction model aims to predict the traffic conditions based on the past traffic data.For more accurate traffic prediction,this study proposes an optimal deep learning-enabled statistical analysis model.This study offers the design of optimal convolutional neural network with attention long short term memory(OCNN-ALSTM)model for traffic prediction.The proposed OCNN-ALSTM technique primarily preprocesses the traffic data by the use of min-max normalization technique.Besides,OCNN-ALSTM technique was executed for classifying and predicting the traffic data in real time cases.For enhancing the predictive outcomes of the OCNN-ALSTM technique,the bird swarm algorithm(BSA)is employed to it and thereby overall efficacy of the network gets improved.The design of BSA for optimal hyperparameter tuning of the CNN-ALSTM model shows the novelty of the work.The experimental validation of the OCNNALSTM technique is performed using benchmark datasets and the results are examined under several aspects.The simulation results reported the enhanced outcomes of the OCNN-ALSTM model over the recent methods under several dimensions.展开更多
A process evaluation system for pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P) based on the Lab V1EW platform has been developed. This system is comprised of two modules, a simultaneous display module and a data analysis mod...A process evaluation system for pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P) based on the Lab V1EW platform has been developed. This system is comprised of two modules, a simultaneous display module and a data analysis module. Using these modules, the system can not only provide a comprehensive direct viewing display of the welding electric signal and high speed camera photo, but also can analyze the characteristic parameters of the welding process. The results show that the system works properly.展开更多
Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA)is a well-known method to analyze the flow of acoustic and vibration energy in a complex structure.This study investigates the application of the corrected SEA model in a non-reverberan...Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA)is a well-known method to analyze the flow of acoustic and vibration energy in a complex structure.This study investigates the application of the corrected SEA model in a non-reverberant acoustic space where the direct field component from the sound source dominates the total sound field rather than a diffuse field in a reverberant space which the classical SEA model assumption is based on.A corrected SEA model is proposed where the direct field component in the energy is removed and the power injected in the subsystem considers only the remaining power after the loss at first reflection.Measurement was conducted in a box divided into two rooms separated by a partition with an opening where the condition of reverberant and non-reverberant can conveniently be controlled.In the case of a non-reverberant space where acoustic material was installed inside the wall of the experimental box,the signals are corrected by eliminating the direct field component in the measured impulse response.Using the corrected SEA model,comparison of the coupling loss factor(CLF)and damping loss factor(DLF)with the theory shows good agreement.展开更多
Statistical analysis was done on simultaneous wave and wind using data recorded by discus-shape wave buoy. The area is located in the southern Caspian Sea near the Anzali Port. Recorded wave data were obtained through...Statistical analysis was done on simultaneous wave and wind using data recorded by discus-shape wave buoy. The area is located in the southern Caspian Sea near the Anzali Port. Recorded wave data were obtained through directional spectrum wave analysis. Recorded wind direction and wind speed were obtained through the related time series as well. For 12-month measurements(May 25 2007-2008), statistical calculations were done to specify the value of nonlinear auto-correlation of wave and wind using the probability distribution function of wave characteristics and statistical analysis in various time periods. The paper also presents and analyzes the amount of wave energy for the area mentioned on the basis of available database. Analyses showed a suitable comparison between the amounts of wave energy in different seasons. As a result, the best period for the largest amount of wave energy was known. Results showed that in the research period, the mean wave and wind auto correlation were about three hours. Among the probability distribution functions, i.e Weibull, Normal, Lognormal and Rayleigh, "Weibull" had the best consistency with experimental distribution function shown in different diagrams for each season. Results also showed that the mean wave energy in the research period was about 49.88 k W/m and the maximum density of wave energy was found in February and March, 2010.展开更多
Based on statistics principle,random error and systematic error were considered and the volumetric properties of the two mixtures types,namely A and B,were statistically analyzed using different distribution methods.S...Based on statistics principle,random error and systematic error were considered and the volumetric properties of the two mixtures types,namely A and B,were statistically analyzed using different distribution methods.Seventy-two samples of mixture A and fifty-two of mixture B were fabricated using the Marshall method.The probability distributions were compared on the basis of goodness of fit.Weibull model was found to be most appropriate model for describing the asphalt mixtures volumetric properties distribution.The two-parameter Weibull distribution function applied well to model the bulk specific gravity and voids filled with asphalt data,whereas,the three-parameter Weibull distribution appeared to be more appropriate in the discussing of air voids and voids in mineral aggregate.The experimetal results is revealed that compared with the mean value,the peak value of Weibull distribution was suggested as an alternative and more powerful parameter for describing the test data distribution characteristic.The analysis of test results also revealed that there were significant differences in the volumetric properties of the two tested mixtures for the same confidence level.The confidence interval decreased with the decreasing in reliability.展开更多
Geomechanical data are never sufficient in quantity or adequately precise and accurate for design purposes in mining and civil engineering.The objective of this paper is to show the variability of rock properties at t...Geomechanical data are never sufficient in quantity or adequately precise and accurate for design purposes in mining and civil engineering.The objective of this paper is to show the variability of rock properties at the sampled point in the roadway's roof,and then,how the statistical processing of the available geomechanical data can affect the results of numerical modelling of the roadway's stability.Four cases were applied in the numerical analysis,using average values(the most common in geomechanical data analysis),average minus standard deviation,median,and average value minus statistical error.The study show that different approach to the same geomechanical data set can change the modelling results considerably.The case shows that average minus standard deviation is the most conservative and least risky.It gives the displacements and yielded elements zone in four times broader range comparing to the average values scenario,which is the least conservative option.The two other cases need to be studied further.The results obtained from them are placed between most favorable and most adverse values.Taking the average values corrected by statistical error for the numerical analysis seems to be the best solution.Moreover,the confidence level can be adjusted depending on the object importance and the assumed risk level.展开更多
The establishment of effective null models can provide reference networks to accurately describe statistical properties of real-life signed networks.At present,two classical null models of signed networks(i.e.,sign an...The establishment of effective null models can provide reference networks to accurately describe statistical properties of real-life signed networks.At present,two classical null models of signed networks(i.e.,sign and full-edge randomized models)shuffle both positive and negative topologies at the same time,so it is difficult to distinguish the effect on network topology of positive edges,negative edges,and the correlation between them.In this study,we construct three re-fined edge-randomized null models by only randomizing link relationships without changing positive and negative degree distributions.The results of nontrivial statistical indicators of signed networks,such as average degree connectivity and clustering coefficient,show that the position of positive edges has a stronger effect on positive-edge topology,while the signs of negative edges have a greater influence on negative-edge topology.For some specific statistics(e.g.,embeddedness),the results indicate that the proposed null models can more accurately describe real-life networks compared with the two existing ones,which can be selected to facilitate a better understanding of complex structures,functions,and dynamical behaviors on signed networks.展开更多
Within this paper, the process of statistical safety analysis has been presented, which involves the following steps: formulation of basic principles of statistical safety analysis, initial events analysis, accident ...Within this paper, the process of statistical safety analysis has been presented, which involves the following steps: formulation of basic principles of statistical safety analysis, initial events analysis, accident sceneries progress analysis, risk calculation, and risk calculation results analysis. On this basis, it has been concluded that the bucket wheel excavator SRs 1200×24/4×0(400 kW)+VR safety criteria is the mechanism for the hoist of rotor's arrow failure modes, because in that case whole bucket wheel excavator failure would necessarily happen (excavator falling down on counterweight). Therefore, excavator units statistical safety analysis is accomplished preventively to obtain its effective maintenance management.展开更多
According to the test data of the driving model for Beijing's bus routes, 9 parameters and the actual values of Beijing bus are confirmed to evaluate the driving cycle, 2 ways of establishing driving cycle model a...According to the test data of the driving model for Beijing's bus routes, 9 parameters and the actual values of Beijing bus are confirmed to evaluate the driving cycle, 2 ways of establishing driving cycle model are analyzed, the formula of calculating driving cycle is acquired, and the calculating driving cycle model and the statistical driving cycle model for the buses in Beijing urban areas are set up. This study provides scientific basis for selecting the bus type and confirming the design parameters and the running method in Beijing.展开更多
Security is a vital parameter to conserve energy in wireless sensor networks(WSN).Trust management in the WSN is a crucial process as trust is utilized when collaboration is important for accomplishing trustworthy dat...Security is a vital parameter to conserve energy in wireless sensor networks(WSN).Trust management in the WSN is a crucial process as trust is utilized when collaboration is important for accomplishing trustworthy data transmission.But the available routing techniques do not involve security in the design of routing techniques.This study develops a novel statistical analysis with dingo optimizer enabled reliable routing scheme(SADO-RRS)for WSN.The proposed SADO-RRS technique aims to detect the existence of attacks and optimal routes in WSN.In addition,the presented SADORRS technique derives a new statistics based linear discriminant analysis(LDA)for attack detection,Moreover,a trust based dingo optimizer(TBDO)algorithm is applied for optimal route selection in the WSN and accomplishes secure data transmission in WSN.Besides,the TBDO algorithm involves the derivation of the fitness function involving different input variables of WSN.For demonstrating the enhanced outcomes of the SADO-RRS technique,a wide range of simulations was carried out and the outcomes demonstrated the enhanced outcomes of the SADO-RRS technique.展开更多
基金support of the German Research Foundation (DFG) through Grant SM 281/20-1the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) under the 3rd Call for PhD fellowships (Fellowship Number: 6522)
文摘We present a statistical investigation of the degree of influence that assumptions made in relation to the mechanical parameters of a pylon have on its ground-induced vibrations.The study is set up by using as a key kinematic variable the displacement at the top of a reference,a stand-alone pylon with a uniform cross-section and fixity at its base.Next,statistics are produced using a dimensionless displacement ratio defined between the‘parental’and the‘subsidiary’cases,the latter defined for the pylon(a)resting on compliant soil,(b)having an attached top mass,and(c)being non-uniform with height.Furthermore,two materials are examined,namely,steel and reinforced concrete(R/C).More specifically,this displacement ratio is independent of the excitation and plays the role of a transfer function between the base and the top of the pylon.Both horizontal and vertical motions are considered,and the equations of motion are solved in the frequency domain.The ensuing statistical analysis is conducted for the following parameter combinations:(a)pylon founded on soft,intermediate,and stiff soil;(b)low,intermediate,and high-mass ratios of the attached mass to the pylon′s mass;(c)a constant and quadratic degree of pylon tapering with height.Spearman correlation coefficients are calculated for all the above combinations to arrive at statistical results that establish validity bounds and quantify the degree of influence of each assumption on the pylon′s response.
基金funded by the Key R&D project of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2017YFC1700604).
文摘Background:Patients with colon cancer who receive chemotherapy usually experience various gastrointestinal adverse reactions,including nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea,which make it challenging for them to adhere to treatment.As an effective traditional Chinese medicine,the Jianpi Bushen formula has been widely used to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jianpi Bushen formulae for patients who undergo chemotherapy.This statistical analysis plan(SAP)is intended to enhance the transparency and research quality of our randomized controlled trial.Methods:Our study is a multicenter,double-blind,randomized controlled clinical trial.This trial aimed to compare the completion rate of chemotherapy in colon cancer patients who are using and not using Jianpi Bushen formula.To attenuate possible selection bias in the final report,we declared the overall trial design,outcome measures,subgroup analyses,and safety measures.Also,we described the data management and statistical analysis methods in detail.Conclusion:The SAP provides more detailed information than the trial protocol for data management and statistical analysis methods.Further post-hoc analyses can be performed by referring to the SAP,and possible selection bias can be attenuated.
文摘Phase-matching quantum key distribution is a promising scheme for remote quantum key distribution,breaking through the traditional linear key-rate bound.In practical applications,finite data size can cause significant system performance to deteriorate when data size is below 1010.In this work,an improved statistical fluctuation analysis method is applied for the first time to two decoy-states phase-matching quantum key distribution,offering a new insight and potential solutions for improving the key generation rate and the maximum transmission distance while maintaining security.Moreover,we also compare the influence of the proposed improved statistical fluctuation analysis method on system performance with those of the Gaussian approximation and Chernoff-Hoeffding boundary methods on system performance.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the key generation rate and maximum transmission distance in comparison with the Chernoff-Hoeffding approach,and approach the results obtained when the Gaussian approximation is employed.At the same time,the proposed scheme retains the same security level as the Chernoff-Hoeffding method,and is even more secure than the Gaussian approximation.
基金supported by research grants from the Korea National Arboretum (Grant No. KNA1-1-26, 20-1)the Mid-level professor Financial Program at Changwon National University in 2023
文摘Allium is a complicated genus that includes approximately 1000 species.Although its morphology is well studied,the taxonomic importance of many morphological traits,including floral traits,are poorly understood.Here,we examined and measured the floral characteristics of 87 accessions of 74 Allium taxa(belonging to 30 sections and nine subgenera)from Central to Eastern Asian countries.We then examined the taxonomic relationships between select flower characteristics and a phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences.Our results confirm that floral morphology provides key taxonomic information to assess species delimitation in Allium.We found that perianth color is an important characteristic within the subg.Melanocrommyum,Polyprason,and Reticulatobulbosa.In subg.Allium,Cepa,and Rhizirideum,significant characteristics include ovary shape,perianth shape,and inner tepal apex.For species in subg.Angunium,the key taxonomic character is ovule number(only one ovule in per locule).In the subg.Allium,Cepa,Polyprason,and Reticulatobulbosa,which belong to the third evolutionary line of Allium,hood-like appendages occur in the ovary,although these do not occur in subg.Rhizirideum.Our results also indicated that the flower morphology of several species in some sections are not clearly distinguished,e.g.,sect.Sacculiferum(subg.Cepa)and sect.Tenuissima(subg.Rhizirideum).This study provides detailed photographs and descriptions of floral characteristics and information on general distributions,habitats,and phenology of the studied taxa.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41875061 and 41775165.
文摘The mesoscale eddy(ME)has a significant influence on the convergence effect in deep-sea acoustic propagation.This paper use statistical approaches to express quantitative relationships between the ME conditions and convergence zone(CZ)characteristics.Based on the Gaussian vortex model,we construct various sound propagation scenarios under different eddy conditions,and carry out sound propagation experiments to obtain simulation samples.With a large number of samples,we first adopt the unified regression to set up analytic relationships between eddy conditions and CZ parameters.The sensitivity of eddy indicators to the CZ is quantitatively analyzed.Then,we adopt the machine learning(ML)algorithms to establish prediction models of CZ parameters by exploring the nonlinear relationships between multiple ME indicators and CZ parameters.Through the research,we can express the influence of ME on the CZ quantitatively,and achieve the rapid prediction of CZ parameters in ocean eddies.The prediction accuracy(R)of the CZ distance(mean R:0.9815)is obviously better than that of the CZ width(mean R:0.8728).Among the three ML algorithms,Gradient Boosting Decision Tree has the best prediction ability(root mean square error(RMSE):0.136),followed by Random Forest(RMSE:0.441)and Extreme Learning Machine(RMSE:0.518).
文摘The rejected specimens from the Emergency Department of the Center of Clinical Laboratory from January 1,2022 to January 1,2023 were analyzed to reduce the specimen rejection rates and to improve the quality of inspection.The results showed that there were 1488 samples of rejected specimens and the non-conforming rate was 0.58%.The departments involved were mainly the Emergency Department,the Hematology Department,the Cardiology Department,the Intensive Care Department,and the Brain Surgery Department.Among the reasons for rejection,blood hemolysis accounted for 43.15%,blood coagulation accounted for 26.61%,and the rate of insufficient specimens was 17.14%.Among them,the sample rejection rate for arterial blood gas analysis was the highest,which accounted for 1.74%;followed by specimens for coagulation test,which was 1.18%.These results indicate the main reason for producing rejected specimens is mainly due to not following the standard operating procedure.Specimen rejection can largely be avoided if the standards for specimen collection are strictly followed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51175214)Scientific and Technological Planning Project of China (Grant No. 2011BAG03B01-1)Based Research Operation Expenses Project of Jilin University, China (Grant No. 421032572415)
文摘How to simulate interior aerodynamic noise accurately is an important question of a car interior noise reduction. The unsteady aerodynamic pressure on body surfaces is proved to be the key effect factor of car interior aerodynamic noise control in high frequency on high speed. In this paper, a detail statistical energy analysis (SEA) model is built. And the vibra-acoustic power inputs are loaded on the model for the valid result of car interior noise analysis. The model is the solid foundation for further optimization on car interior noise control. After the most sensitive subsystems for the power contribution to car interior noise are pointed by SEA comprehensive analysis, the sound pressure level of car interior aerodynamic noise can be reduced by improving their sound and damping characteristics. The further vehicle testing results show that it is available to improve the interior acoustic performance by using detailed SEA model, which comprised by more than 80 subsystems, with the unsteady aerodynamic pressure calculation on body surfaces and the materials improvement of sound/damping properties. It is able to acquire more than 2 dB reduction on the central frequency in the spectrum over 800 Hz. The proposed optimization method can be looked as a reference of car interior aerodynamic noise control by the detail SEA model integrated unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and sensitivity analysis of acoustic contribution.
基金China National Science Foundation(40730948,41075037,41175063)Special Project of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2007Y006)
文摘Based on the Tropical Cyclone(TC briefly thereafter)Yearbook 1980-2009,this paper first analyzes the number and intensity change of the TCs which passed directly over or by the side of Poyang Lake(the distance of TC center is less than 1°longitude or 1°latitude from the Lake)among all the landfalling TCs in China during the past 30 years.Two cases are examined in detail in this paper.One is severe typhoon Rananim with a speed of 3.26 m/s and a change of 1 hPa in intensity when it was passing the Lake.The other is super typhoon Saomai with a faster moving speed of 6.50 m/s and a larger change in intensity of 6 hPa.Through numerical simulation experiments,this paper analyzes how the change of underlying surface from water to land contributes to the differences in intensity,speed and mesoscale convection of the two TCs when they passed the Lake.Results show that the moisture and dynamic condition above the Lake were favorable for the maintenance of the intensity when Rananim was passing through Poyang Lake,despite the moisture supply from the ocean was cut off.As a result,there was strong convection around the lake which led to a rainfall spinning counter-clockwise as it was affected by the TC movement.However,little impact was seen in the Saomai case.These results indicate that for the TCs coming ashore on Poyang Lake with a slow speed,the large water body is conducive to the sustaining of the intensity and strengthening of the convection around the TC center and the subsequent heavy rainfall.On the contrary,a fast-moving TC is less likely to be influenced by the underlying surface in terms of intensity and speed.
基金the grants from Guangdong Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.401007
文摘BACKGROUND: Previously, time data were analyzed by using constituent ratio or relative ratio; however, circular statistical analysis could exactly provide average peak phase of diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of solar term peak with onset and death of acute ischemic stroke. DESIGN: Retrospective case analysis. SETTINGS: Emergency Department of Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Science and Education, the Second People's Hospital of Foshan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke were selected from Emergency Room, Department of Neurology, Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 1994 to 2002. There were 875 males and 722 females, and their ages ranged from 33 to 97 years. All cases met the diagnostic criteria of acute cerebral infarction modified by the Second National Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting; meanwhile, they were diagnosed with CT/MRI test. Patients and their relatives provided the confirmed consent. METHODS: Solar term of onset was retrospectively analyzed in 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke; among them, solar term of death in 90 cases were analyzed by using circular statistical analysis to calculate peak phase of onset and death of acute ischemic stroke and investigate the correlation of solar term with onset and death of acute ischemic stroke. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Onset and death time of patients with acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS: Solar term of onset in 1 597 patients, especially solar term of death in 90 patients, was not concentrated (P 〉 0.05), and specific peak phase was not found out. Acute ischemic stroke low attacked from vernal equinox to summer begins, but death caused by acute ischemic stroke high attacked from grain buds to autumn begins. CONCLUSION: Patients with acute ischemic stroke do not have specific solar term peak of onset and death.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41230421, 41005029 and 41105065)the National Public Benefit (Meteorology) Research Foundation of China (Grant No. GYHY201106004)
文摘Based on best track data of tropical cyclones(TCs) from the Japan Meteorological Agency, the characteristics of suddenly reversed TCs(SRTCs), which have turning angles usually approaching 180°, are statistically analyzed from 1949 to 2011 over the western North Pacific Ocean. The typical large-scale circulation patterns of SRTCs are investigated using reanalysis data and dynamical composite analysis. Results show that turnings mainly occur in low latitudes between 10°N and 20°N,and mainly west of 135°E. The majority of SRTCs reach their peak intensity at, or slightly before, the turning time and subsequently decrease at some variable rate. Specifically, SRTCs are divided into four types, each containing two groups(i.e.eight groups in total) in terms of the moving-direction changes. The moving speed of all SRTC types except the south–north type decreases to its lowest during the 24 h, corresponding to a significant reduction in the primary steering components.According to the analysis of the 13 typical flow patterns found in this study, we suggest that sudden track changes are caused by the reversal steering flow. The original balance of the background flow patterns are broken up by new systems, e.g. binary TCs or dispersion-induced anticyclones. Additionally, sudden track changes are often due to double ridge variations of the subtropical high or weakened/strengthened high pressure in the east and west, respectively.
基金This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2021R1A6A1A03039493).
文摘Due to the advances of intelligent transportation system(ITSs),traffic forecasting has gained significant interest as robust traffic prediction acts as an important part in different ITSs namely traffic signal control,navigation,route mapping,etc.The traffic prediction model aims to predict the traffic conditions based on the past traffic data.For more accurate traffic prediction,this study proposes an optimal deep learning-enabled statistical analysis model.This study offers the design of optimal convolutional neural network with attention long short term memory(OCNN-ALSTM)model for traffic prediction.The proposed OCNN-ALSTM technique primarily preprocesses the traffic data by the use of min-max normalization technique.Besides,OCNN-ALSTM technique was executed for classifying and predicting the traffic data in real time cases.For enhancing the predictive outcomes of the OCNN-ALSTM technique,the bird swarm algorithm(BSA)is employed to it and thereby overall efficacy of the network gets improved.The design of BSA for optimal hyperparameter tuning of the CNN-ALSTM model shows the novelty of the work.The experimental validation of the OCNNALSTM technique is performed using benchmark datasets and the results are examined under several aspects.The simulation results reported the enhanced outcomes of the OCNN-ALSTM model over the recent methods under several dimensions.
文摘A process evaluation system for pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P) based on the Lab V1EW platform has been developed. This system is comprised of two modules, a simultaneous display module and a data analysis module. Using these modules, the system can not only provide a comprehensive direct viewing display of the welding electric signal and high speed camera photo, but also can analyze the characteristic parameters of the welding process. The results show that the system works properly.
基金the financial support provided for this project by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia(MoHE)under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme No.FRGS/1/2016/FTK-CARE/F00323.
文摘Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA)is a well-known method to analyze the flow of acoustic and vibration energy in a complex structure.This study investigates the application of the corrected SEA model in a non-reverberant acoustic space where the direct field component from the sound source dominates the total sound field rather than a diffuse field in a reverberant space which the classical SEA model assumption is based on.A corrected SEA model is proposed where the direct field component in the energy is removed and the power injected in the subsystem considers only the remaining power after the loss at first reflection.Measurement was conducted in a box divided into two rooms separated by a partition with an opening where the condition of reverberant and non-reverberant can conveniently be controlled.In the case of a non-reverberant space where acoustic material was installed inside the wall of the experimental box,the signals are corrected by eliminating the direct field component in the measured impulse response.Using the corrected SEA model,comparison of the coupling loss factor(CLF)and damping loss factor(DLF)with the theory shows good agreement.
文摘Statistical analysis was done on simultaneous wave and wind using data recorded by discus-shape wave buoy. The area is located in the southern Caspian Sea near the Anzali Port. Recorded wave data were obtained through directional spectrum wave analysis. Recorded wind direction and wind speed were obtained through the related time series as well. For 12-month measurements(May 25 2007-2008), statistical calculations were done to specify the value of nonlinear auto-correlation of wave and wind using the probability distribution function of wave characteristics and statistical analysis in various time periods. The paper also presents and analyzes the amount of wave energy for the area mentioned on the basis of available database. Analyses showed a suitable comparison between the amounts of wave energy in different seasons. As a result, the best period for the largest amount of wave energy was known. Results showed that in the research period, the mean wave and wind auto correlation were about three hours. Among the probability distribution functions, i.e Weibull, Normal, Lognormal and Rayleigh, "Weibull" had the best consistency with experimental distribution function shown in different diagrams for each season. Results also showed that the mean wave energy in the research period was about 49.88 k W/m and the maximum density of wave energy was found in February and March, 2010.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. S50778057) the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20060213002)
文摘Based on statistics principle,random error and systematic error were considered and the volumetric properties of the two mixtures types,namely A and B,were statistically analyzed using different distribution methods.Seventy-two samples of mixture A and fifty-two of mixture B were fabricated using the Marshall method.The probability distributions were compared on the basis of goodness of fit.Weibull model was found to be most appropriate model for describing the asphalt mixtures volumetric properties distribution.The two-parameter Weibull distribution function applied well to model the bulk specific gravity and voids filled with asphalt data,whereas,the three-parameter Weibull distribution appeared to be more appropriate in the discussing of air voids and voids in mineral aggregate.The experimetal results is revealed that compared with the mean value,the peak value of Weibull distribution was suggested as an alternative and more powerful parameter for describing the test data distribution characteristic.The analysis of test results also revealed that there were significant differences in the volumetric properties of the two tested mixtures for the same confidence level.The confidence interval decreased with the decreasing in reliability.
文摘Geomechanical data are never sufficient in quantity or adequately precise and accurate for design purposes in mining and civil engineering.The objective of this paper is to show the variability of rock properties at the sampled point in the roadway's roof,and then,how the statistical processing of the available geomechanical data can affect the results of numerical modelling of the roadway's stability.Four cases were applied in the numerical analysis,using average values(the most common in geomechanical data analysis),average minus standard deviation,median,and average value minus statistical error.The study show that different approach to the same geomechanical data set can change the modelling results considerably.The case shows that average minus standard deviation is the most conservative and least risky.It gives the displacements and yielded elements zone in four times broader range comparing to the average values scenario,which is the least conservative option.The two other cases need to be studied further.The results obtained from them are placed between most favorable and most adverse values.Taking the average values corrected by statistical error for the numerical analysis seems to be the best solution.Moreover,the confidence level can be adjusted depending on the object importance and the assumed risk level.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61773091 and 61603073)the LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC1807106)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.2020-MZLH-22).
文摘The establishment of effective null models can provide reference networks to accurately describe statistical properties of real-life signed networks.At present,two classical null models of signed networks(i.e.,sign and full-edge randomized models)shuffle both positive and negative topologies at the same time,so it is difficult to distinguish the effect on network topology of positive edges,negative edges,and the correlation between them.In this study,we construct three re-fined edge-randomized null models by only randomizing link relationships without changing positive and negative degree distributions.The results of nontrivial statistical indicators of signed networks,such as average degree connectivity and clustering coefficient,show that the position of positive edges has a stronger effect on positive-edge topology,while the signs of negative edges have a greater influence on negative-edge topology.For some specific statistics(e.g.,embeddedness),the results indicate that the proposed null models can more accurately describe real-life networks compared with the two existing ones,which can be selected to facilitate a better understanding of complex structures,functions,and dynamical behaviors on signed networks.
文摘Within this paper, the process of statistical safety analysis has been presented, which involves the following steps: formulation of basic principles of statistical safety analysis, initial events analysis, accident sceneries progress analysis, risk calculation, and risk calculation results analysis. On this basis, it has been concluded that the bucket wheel excavator SRs 1200×24/4×0(400 kW)+VR safety criteria is the mechanism for the hoist of rotor's arrow failure modes, because in that case whole bucket wheel excavator failure would necessarily happen (excavator falling down on counterweight). Therefore, excavator units statistical safety analysis is accomplished preventively to obtain its effective maintenance management.
文摘According to the test data of the driving model for Beijing's bus routes, 9 parameters and the actual values of Beijing bus are confirmed to evaluate the driving cycle, 2 ways of establishing driving cycle model are analyzed, the formula of calculating driving cycle is acquired, and the calculating driving cycle model and the statistical driving cycle model for the buses in Beijing urban areas are set up. This study provides scientific basis for selecting the bus type and confirming the design parameters and the running method in Beijing.
基金This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia under Grant No.(KEP-81-130-42)The authors,therefore acknowledge with thanks DSR technical and financial support。
文摘Security is a vital parameter to conserve energy in wireless sensor networks(WSN).Trust management in the WSN is a crucial process as trust is utilized when collaboration is important for accomplishing trustworthy data transmission.But the available routing techniques do not involve security in the design of routing techniques.This study develops a novel statistical analysis with dingo optimizer enabled reliable routing scheme(SADO-RRS)for WSN.The proposed SADO-RRS technique aims to detect the existence of attacks and optimal routes in WSN.In addition,the presented SADORRS technique derives a new statistics based linear discriminant analysis(LDA)for attack detection,Moreover,a trust based dingo optimizer(TBDO)algorithm is applied for optimal route selection in the WSN and accomplishes secure data transmission in WSN.Besides,the TBDO algorithm involves the derivation of the fitness function involving different input variables of WSN.For demonstrating the enhanced outcomes of the SADO-RRS technique,a wide range of simulations was carried out and the outcomes demonstrated the enhanced outcomes of the SADO-RRS technique.