Design of Online Vision Detection System for Stator Winding Coil

The quality of the stator winding coil directly affects the performance of the motor.A dual-camera online machine vision detection method to detect whether the coil leads and winding regions were qualified was designed.A vision detection platform was designed to capture individual winding images,and an image processing algorithm was used for image pre-processing,template matching and positioning of the coil lead area to set up a coordinate system.After eliminating image noise by Blob analysis,the improved Canny algorithm was used to detect the location of the coil lead paint stripped region,and the time was reduced by about half compared to the Canny algorithm.The coil winding region was trained with the ShuffleNet V2-YOLOv5s model for the dataset,and the detect file was converted to the Open Neural Network Exchange(ONNX)model for the detection of winding cross features with an average accuracy of 99.0%.The software interface of the detection system was designed to perform qualified discrimination tests on the workpieces,and the detection data were recorded and statistically analyzed.The results showed that the stator winding coil qualified discrimination accuracy reached 96.2%,and the average detection time of a single workpiece was about 300 ms,while YOLOv5s took less than 30 ms.

GENERATOR VIBRATION FAULT DIAGNOSIS METHOD BASED ON ROTOR VIBRATION AND STATOR WINDING PARALLEL BRANCHES CIRCULATING CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS

Rotor vibration characteristics are first analyzed, which are that the rotor vibration of fundamental frequency will increase due to rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault, air-gap dynamic eccentricity fault, or imbalance fault, and the vibration of the second frequency will increase when the air-gap static eccentricity fault occurs. Next, the characteristics of the stator winding parallel branches circulating current are analyzed, which are that the second harmonics circulating current will increase when the rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault occurs, and the fundamental circulating current will increase when the air-gap eccentricity fault occurs, neither being strongly affected by the imbalance fault. Considering the differences of the rotor vibration and circulating current characteristics caused by different rotor faults, a method of generator vibration fault diagnosis, based on rotor vibration and circulating current characteristics, is developed. Finally, the rotor vibration and circulating current of a type SDF-9 generator is measured in the laboratory to verify the theoretical analysis presented above.

Research on Hybrid Power System with Dual Stator-winding and Its Decoupled Control Strategy

For the bi-power system adopted widely in future armored vehicles,a hybrid power generator with dual stator-winding was proposed.Its structure and working principle were analyzed first,and its main parameters were determined and verified according to the power requirements.The system's mathematical model was established,and a decoupled control method was put forward on the basis of the instantaneous reactive power theory.For the voltage building-up,a voltage control strategy was designed on the basis of mixed reactive power compensation to implement stabilized 28V and 270V outputs simultaneously.The simulation results show that the stabilization accuracy and disturbance rejection ability of the system are improved much more than other ordinary generators.

Calculation and analysis of unbalanced magnetic pulls of different stator winding setups in static eccentric induction motor

In large-scale electric machines, unbalanced magnetic pull （UMP） caused by eccentricity usually results in stator-rotor rub, so it is necessary to investigate the amplitude and the influencing factors. This paper takes the squirrel-cage induction motor as an example. A magnetic loop model of an induction motor is established by an analytical method. The impact of stator winding setup （parallel branch and pole pairs） on each magnetomotive force （MMF） and unbalanced magnetic pull is analyzed. Using the finite element simulation method, the spatial and time distribution of flux density of the rotor outer circle under static eccentricity is obtained, and the unbalanced magnetic pull calculation caused by static eccentricity is completed. The conclusion of the influence of stator winding on the size of unbalanced magnetic pull provides reliable gist for motor noise and vibration analysis, and especially provides an important reference for large induction motor design.

Stator Winding Turn Faults Diagnosis for Induction Motor by Immune Memory Dynamic Clonal Strategy Algorithm

Quick detection of a small initial fault is important for an induction motor to prevent a consequent large fault.The mathematical model with basic motor equations among voltages,currents,and fluxes is analyzed and the motor model equations are described.The fault related features are extracted.An immune memory dynamic clonal strategy(IMDCS)system is applied to detecting the stator faults of induction motor.Four features are obtained from the induction motor,and then these features are given to the IMDCS system.After the motor condition has been learned by the IMDCS system,the memory set obtained in the training stage can be used to detect any fault.The proposed method is experimentally implemented on the induction motor,and the experimental results show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method to the diagnosis of stator winding turn faults in induction motors.

Creation and Development of Turbo-generators with Water-Cooled Stator and Rotor Windings in Shanghai Electrical Machinery Mfg Works

1. An Overview of Manufacture and Operation A turbine generator utilizing a new technology of electrical machinery industry, i.e. the windings of its stator and rotor all being inner water-cooled, was first successfully created in China and was known afterwards as a turbine generator with watercooled stator and rotor windings (Abbrev, TGWSR). The teachers from Zhejiang University came to Shanghai between

The Multi-Objective Optimization of AFPM Generators with Double-Sided Internal Stator Structures for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

The axial flux permanent magnet(AFPM)generator with double-sided internal stator structure is highly suitable for vertical axis wind turbines due to its high power density.The performance of the AFPM generator with double-sided internal stator structure can be improved by the reasonable design of electromagnetic parameters.To further improve the overall performance of the AFPM generator with double-sided internal stator structure,multivariable(coil widthω_(c),permanent magnet thickness h,pole arc coefficient α_(p) and working air gap l_(g))and multi-objective(generator efficiencyη,total harmonic distortion of the voltage THD and induced electromotive force amplitude EMF)functional relationships are innovatively established.Orthogonal analysis,mean analysis and variance analysis are performed on the influence parameters by combining the Taguchi method and response surface methodology to study the influence degrees of each influence parameter on the optimization objectives to determine the most appropriate electromagnetic parameters.The optimization results are verified by 3D finite element analysis.The optimized APFM generator with double-sided internal stator structure exhibits superior economy,stronger magnetic density,higher efficiency and improved power quality.

Experimental Analysis of A Cooling System for Wind-Driven Generator Stator

A novel cooling system with cooling channels is proposed for the stator of 3MW wind-driven generator.An experimental platform is built to investigate the performance of the cooling system with different loads.At30%,50% or 80% generator loads,the temperatures meet the design requirement.However,it is a little over the requirement at 100%load,duo to experimental errors and some unknown thermal resistances.In the test at 100%load,the developing trends of the parameters of these two generators are similar and only minor differences occurs when they reach steady state our work can be benefit for the design and improvement of MW wind-driven generator cooling solutions.

Analysis of electromagnetic characteristics of typical faults in permanent magnet wind generators

Due to the harsh actual operating environment of the permanent magnet wind turbine,it is easy to break down and difficult to monitor.Therefore,the electromagnetic characteristics identification of major fault types of large-scale permanent magnet wind turbines is studied in this paper.The typical faults of rotor eccentricity,stator winding short circuit and permanent magnet demagnetization of permanent magnet wind turbines are analyzed theoretically.The wavelet analysis algorithm is used to decompose and reconstruct the abnormal electromagnetic signal waveform band,and the characteristic frequency of the electromagnetic signal is obtained when the fault occurs.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,a 3.680MW permanent magnet wind turbine was taken as the research object.Its physical simulation model was established,and an external circuit was built to carry out field co-simulation.The results show that the motor fault type can be determined by detecting the change rule of fault characteristic frequency in the spectrum diagram,and the electromagnetic characteristic analysis can be applied to the early monitoring of the permanent magnet wind turbine fault.

基于端部绕组模块的定子励磁无刷电机冷却方法

为了提升定子励磁无刷电机的冷却能力,提出了一种基于端部绕组模块的定子励磁无刷电机冷却方法.在电机端部绕组和定子铁芯叠片端部的间隙中插入端部绕组冷却(EWC)模块,以减小定子绕组热点区域和冷却介质之间的间隙,从而提高端部绕组的冷却能力.对非重叠式集中绕组长度计算模型进行改进,评估采用EWC模块前后电机定子电枢绕组长度的变化,分析EWC模块的电导率对电机定子损耗的影响.采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模型,对比EWC模块在不同铜耗和励磁源损耗密度下的冷却性能.结果表明,采用EWC模块可以使端部绕组的稳态温升降低约50%,热态时的绕组电阻降低7.51%,从而改善了定子的冷却条件.

基于开口变压器法的交流电机定子非激励相绕组匝间短路检测研究

为了解决交流电机定子绕组中线圈绝缘损伤引起匝间短路故障无法准确、快速定位的问题,提出将检测转子绕组匝间短路的开口变压器法移植到检测交流电机定子绕组匝间短路,定子单相添加激励源,非激励相绕组设置故障点,开口变压器检测故障点所在槽,分析故障前后开口变压器绕组感应电动势的变化。首先阐述开口变压器检测定子非激励相的工作原理,分析正常和故障状态下通过开口变压器铁心漏磁通的表达式,进一步得到开口变压器绕组感应电动势表达式,获取故障变化规律。随后建立交流电机电磁仿真模型,进行仿真分析,最后用一台定子样机进行实验验证。结果表明:故障状态下,随着故障程度的加深,故障点所在槽的开口变压器感应电动势随之减小,证明了开口变压器可以作为离线检测交流电机定子非激励相绕组匝间短路故障的有效手段。

高导热储热材料对高功率密度永磁电机温升的影响

如何降低电机温升是电机设计中一个至关重要的问题.将绝缘漆与高导热材料、储热材料、固化材料通过一定工艺制备成高导热储热材料,填充在样机绕组端部与外壳的间隙处,并对其进行了温度场分析与温升实验.结果表明:利用储热材料吸收热量的特性与高导热材料的高导热率可有效降低电机温升10.2℃,电机功率提高了9.8%,高导热储热材料能有效提高电机的性能.

具备内部故障仿真能力的永磁同步发电机电磁暂态建模与仿真方法

对永磁同步发电机(PMSG)内部定子绕组故障的精确建模与仿真有助于设计有效的状态检测系统和控制保护策略。首先对PMSG内部故障特征进行分析和详细的数学推导,给出了适合电磁暂态(EMT)建模的状态空间形式的动态方程。进而提出了一种PMSG内部故障EMT建模与仿真方法,并推导出其等效电路。利用MATLAB对推导出的方程进行了数值计算迭代求解,并在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了PMSG测试模型,与数值计算结果进行分析和对比验证。分析结果表明,PMSG内部故障会在短路路径中产生较大的循环故障电流,但是从发电机外部特性很难判断是否发生内部故障。对比验证结果表明,所建立PMSG内部故障EMT模型可准确反映内部故障特征,验证了所提建模方法的正确性。

基于CWT和CNN-BiLSTM的散绕同步电机定子绕组短路故障检测方法

近年来,基于脉冲频率响应法(impulse frequency response analysis,IFRA)的神经网络模型已被证实能够有效检测定子绕组故障。然而,这些模型普遍具有鲁棒性不强、抗噪能力差等特点,究其原因是大多数的模型采用简单的神经网络架构且常规的IFRA普遍采用快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)对暂态信号进行时频变换,而FFT并不适合处理暂态突变的非平稳信号。文中以散绕结构的同步电机定子绕组为检测对象,采用连续小波变换(continual wavelet transform,CWT)代替FFT处理IFRA的暂态信号,并基于一维卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks,CNN)和双向长短时记忆网络(bi-directional long short-term memory,BiLSTM)构建CNN-BiLSTM模型对采用CWT变换之后的信号进行故障检测。实验结果表明:采用CWT处理后的频域序列作为该模型的输入,相较于其它结构单一的模型,其平均准确率最优且高达99.01%。噪声对比实验表明:采用CWT变换后的数据能使故障诊断模型的鲁棒性及泛化性更强。

基于不同绕组形式双定子低速大转矩永磁直驱电机转矩脉动的分析与抑制

双定子低速大转矩永磁直驱电机(DLHPMDM)具有高转矩密度和高效率等优点,是传统低速大转矩传动系统的良好替代方案。DLHPMDM可以看作由内、外两台电机构成的整体。绕组形式选择不仅直接影响内、外电机的转矩性能,内、外电机不同绕组形式的组合还会改变内、外电机输出转矩的叠加效果,最终影响DLHPMDM的转矩脉动水平。首先,基于双定子电机的转矩叠加原理,提出一种抑制DLHPMDM转矩脉动的设计方法,采用解析法分析内、外电机反电动势谐波相位差如何影响纹波转矩的叠加效果,并对内定子采用不同绕组形式时DLHPMDM的转矩性能进行仿真分析和初步验证。其次,考虑到绕组谐波引起的谐波电流对转矩脉动的影响,采用以电压源为激励的有限元分析进一步验证了内、外电机选用合理的绕组形式组合时,内、外电机纹波转矩的叠加削减作用能够有效降低DLHPMDM的转矩脉动。最后,采用转矩脉动最低的设计方案试制了一台DLHPMDM样机并完成相关实验,实验结果验证了分析的准确性。

计及电磁-传热影响的蒸发冷却风力发电机定子铁心穿管结构优化设计

采用自循环式蒸发冷却技术是提升大容量风力发电机组散热能力和可靠性的一种经济且有效的方式,然而在传统电机的分析设计和性能预测过程中,往往会忽略定子局部穿管结构的改变对电机电磁性能的影响,同时也会忽略这部分接触热阻在热传导过程中对电机冷却性能的影响。对此,该文首先基于风力发电机的运行特性和单元灵敏度方法分析了定子铁心穿管结构对电机电磁及冷却性能的影响,然后通过小倾角自循环管道换热实验以及接触热阻温升实验对空心圆铜管的换热能力以及接触热阻进行了分析和测试,最后建立了以电磁及传热性能为优化目标的铁心穿管结构优化策略,并以一台10 MW永磁直驱式风力发电机为研究对象,对定子铁心穿管结构开展了优化设计研究。通过优化方案的有限元分析验证说明,提出的优化策略可以准确且有效地满足电机电磁和冷却性能的设计要求,同时从电磁和散热两个维度来评估,所提出的优化策略同样适用于相同应用场景下的其他永磁同步电机。

基于对称分量法的调相机定子故障特征分析

传统同步调相机定子绕组匝间短路故障机理分析方法通常认为电机定子电流接近三相对称,并以此为基础建立同步调相机故障电流的数学表征。但是,一旦发生定子绕组匝间短路故障,同步调相机三相定子电流的对称性将遭到破坏,使得传统故障机理分析方法所建立的数学表征无法准确反映电机内部电气量的变化。文中通过引入对称分量法,建立故障后同步调相机瞬时有功/无功功率的数学模型,提出利用瞬时有功/无功功率中的2次谐波进行定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断。仿真和实验的结果表明:相较于利用定子电流3次谐波与基波幅值之比诊断故障的传统方法,文中方法在轻微故障状态下能提高至少7倍的诊断灵敏度,更易完成早期故障诊断。同时,所提方法中的故障特征量不受同步调相机工况和故障位置的影响,具有强鲁棒性。

逻辑驱动的整距叠绕组建模与辅助检修应用

针对大型水力发电机整距叠绕组零部件数量多、线棒间连接逻辑复杂,致使难以快速实现数字化建模的问题,提出了一种基于连接逻辑驱动的发电机整距叠绕组建模方法。首先,结合三维建模软件和三维可视化应用引擎平台,构建了交互式虚拟零部件模型库;然后,根据整距叠绕组的电气原理,将其连接逻辑转换为关系清晰的二维序列,实现绕组在虚拟场景中快速可视化;最后,利用计算机可快速理解的逻辑驱动模型,设计了发电机定子绕组结构认知、故障检修等辅助应用。该方法缩短了构建定子绕组三维模型时间,同时层次清晰的设备树与三维可视化模型的结合、人机交互界面,有助于运维人员快速理解绕组复杂结构及其装配关系。

双定子无刷双馈风力发电机无速度传感器反步法直接功率控制

针对双定子无刷双馈发电机,将内外功率绕组及内外控制绕组分别同相串联以保证电磁一致性。基于Lyapunov和Popov稳定性理论,采用反步法和模型参考自适应系统设计一种无速度传感器的反步法直接功率控制策略,利用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPMW)以固定开关频率驱动控制绕组机侧变流器IGBT,以减小功率绕组功率波动及电流总谐波畸变率。通过12/8极50 kW样机控制系统的特性仿真研究,结果表明:所提控制策略在亚同步~超同步的速度变化范围内,可实现变速恒频发电、最大功率跟踪、无功功率及单位功率因数控制,电流总谐波畸变率约为2%。

大型汽轮发电机定子端部绕组物理参数识别及数学模型建立方法研究

从结构的数字化模型频响函数出发,利用最小二乘复频域法识别模态参数,进一步用获取的模态参数修正集中质量法推导出的物理参数,从而建立符合结构动力特性的数学模型。首先通过固支梁模型算例验证该方法的可行性;然后对600 MW大型汽轮发电机端部绕组的精细化有限元模型进行模态分析,并与实测结果进行对比,验证了该模型的合理性;此后,基于该有限元模型获取的频响函数和模态参数,识别出端部绕组的物理参数并建立其数学模型。结果表明:在75~115 Hz频率段中,最小二乘复频域法识别出的端部绕组模态与有限元结果对比表明,固有频率和阻尼比的最大误差出现在第一阶模态中,分别为0.27%和0.50%,模态振型接近;通过数学模型和有限元模型计算的端部绕组固有频率最大误差为0.27%,模态振型一致;数学模型计算的频响函数与有限元结果对比表明,测点的频响函数最高匹配度可达95%,多数测点的频响函数匹配度超过85%。该方法可为大型汽轮发电机定子端部绕组动力学的准确建模提供依据。