Impact of Typical Steady-state Conditions and Transient Conditions on Flow Ripple and Its Test Accuracy for Axial Piston Pump

The current research about the flow ripple of axial piston pump mainly focuses on the effect of the structure of parts on the flow ripple. Therein, the structure of parts are usually designed and optimized at rated working conditions. However, the pump usually has to work in large-scale and time-variant working conditions. Therefore, the flow ripple characteristics of pump and analysis for its test accuracy with respect to variant steady-state conditions and transient conditions in a wide range of operating parameters are focused in this paper. First, a simulation model has been constructed, which takes the kinematics of oil film within friction pairs into account for higher accuracy. Afterwards, a test bed which adopts Secondary Source Method is built to verify the model. The simulation and tests results show that the angular position of the piston, corresponding to the position where the peak flow ripple is produced, varies with the different pressure. The pulsating amplitude and pulsation rate of flow ripple increase with the rise of pressure and the variation rate of pressure. For the pump working at a constant speed, the flow pulsation rate decreases dramatically with the increasing speed when the speed is less than 27.78% of the maximum speed, subsequently presents a small decrease tendency with the speed further increasing. With the rise of the variation rate of speed, the pulsating amplitude and pulsation rate of flow ripple increase. As the swash plate angle augments, the pulsating amplitude of flow ripple increases, nevertheless the flow pulsation rate decreases. In contrast with the effect of the variation of pressure, the test accuracy of flow ripple is more sensitive to the variation of speed. It makes the test accuracy above 96.20% available for the pulsating amplitude of pressure deviating within a range of ~6% from the mean pressure. However, with a variation of speed deviating within a range of ±2% from the mean speed, the attainable test accuracy of flow ripple is above 93.07%. The model constructed in this research proposes a method to determine the flow ripple characteristics of pump and its attainable test accuracy under the large-scale and time-variant working conditions. Meanwhile, a discussion about the variation of flow ripple and its obtainable test accuracy with the conditions of the pump working in wide operating ranges is given as well.

STEADY-STATE OPERATION ANALYSIS OF AN IDEAL HEAT INTEGRATED DISTILLATION COLUMN

A systematic approach for the steady-state operation analysis of chemical processes is pro-posed.The method affords the possibility of taking operation resilience into consideration during thestage of process design.It may serve the designer as an efficient means for the initial screening ofalternative design schemes.An ideal heat integrated distillation column(HIDiC),without any reboileror condenser attached,is studied throughout this work.It has been found that among the various va-riables concerned with the ideal HIDiC,feed thermal condition appears to be the only factor exertingsignificant influences on the interaction between the top and the bottom control loops.Maximuminteraction is expected when the feed thermal condition approaches 0.5.Total number of stages andheat transfer rate are essential to the system ability of disturbance rejection.Therefore,more stagesand higher heat transfer rate ought to be preferred.But,too many stages and higher heat transfer ratemay increase the load of the

Tank Fire Control Systems Accuracy Assignment Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Judgment Method

A method of accuracy assignment based on fuzzy comprehensive judgment method (FCJM) in tank fire control system is proposed. From the flowing route of the error sources and their respective correlative signals, the transfer functions of several sources are analysed by means of mathematic simulation, and FCJM is applied to obtain the cost comprehensive factor for each part of system, combining its error sensitivity factor the mathematical model is built to solve the accuracy assignment problem. Simulation result shows the proposed method can help designer of tank fire control system work out an optimal system more efficiently and more economically.

The Electrical and Mechanical Alignment and Accuracy Detection of Numerial Control Machine Tool

In the work of numerical control reformation of general machine tool, the installation and debugging of machine tool is a crucial part. For the C6132 machine tool, and make the use of electrical and mechanical alignment, parameter adjusting, numerical control lathe accuracy debugging and performance examination has been used to finish a series of tailing in the work of numerical control reformation of general machine tool. In this paper, the detailed process of electrical and mechanical alignment, parameter adjusting, numerical control lathe accuracy debugging and performance examination has been demonstrated, meanwhile, the specific operational approach of these work programs has been discussed. Therefore, the present results provides essential reference and approach for the numerical control reformation of general machine tool.

Accuracy Assignment Study of Tank Fire Control System Based on Value Analysis Method

A method of accuracy assignment based on value analysis method （VAM） in tank fire control system （TFCS） is proposed. From the analysis of primary error sources and their error transfer relationships, the mathematical model is built on the basis of VAM to solve the accuracy assignment problem. Simulation results show the validation and feasibility of the proposed method. It can help designer of tank fire control system work out an optimal system more efficiently and more economically.

Development Trend of NC Machining Accuracy Control Technology for Aeronautical Structural Parts

High-performance five-axis computer numerical control machine tools are widely used in the processing of Aeronautical Structural parts. With the increase of service life, the precision of CNC machine tools equipped by aeronautical manufacturing enterprises is declining day by day, while the new generation of aircraft structural parts are developing towards integration, large-scale, complexity, thin-walled and lightweight. It is very easy to produce dimension overshoot and surface quality defects due to unstable processing technology. The machining accuracy of aircraft structural parts is also affected by complex factors such as cutting load, cutting stability, tool error, workpiece deformation, fixture deformation, etc. Because of the complexity of structure and characteristics of Aeronautical Structural parts, the consistency and stability of cutting process are poor. It is easy to cause machining accuracy problems due to tool wear, breakage and cutting chatter. Relevant scholars have carried out a lot of basic research on NC machining accuracy control and achieved fruitful results, but the research on NC machining accuracy control of Aeronautical structural parts is still less. This paper elaborates from three aspects: error modeling method of NC machine tools, error compensation method, prediction and control of machining accuracy, and combines the characteristics of Aeronautical Structural parts, the development trend and demand of NC machining accuracy control technology are put forward.

液压钻机钻杆纠偏液压系统控制研究

针对液压钻机钻进作业时,钻杆纠偏液压系统控制精度低、抵抗外部干扰能力差,导致钻杆偏离预设轨迹,使钻机出现卡钻等问题,设计了一种基于状态观测器的反步滑模(ESO-BSM)钻杆纠偏控制方法。首先,建立了液压钻机纠偏装置液压系统数学模型,推导了其非线性状态空间方程;其次,设计了状态观测器,使用其对纠偏液压系统的状态变量和外部扰动进行了估计,并采用反步法设计了反步滑模控制器,实现了对纠偏液压系统的精确控制;最后,搭建了纠偏装置液压试验平台,采用所设计控制器进行了试验,对其有效性进行了验证,并将其结果与采用反步滑模控制结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:在ESO-BSM控制算法作用下,无干扰和有干扰两种工况下的位移跟踪误差分别为1.81 mm和3.1 mm,相对误差分别为1.81%和3.1%,控制精度优于反步滑模,且在有干扰时系统仍具有较好的稳定性,表明算法具有较好的鲁棒性,可以适应液压钻机的复杂工作环境,对液压钻机钻杆进行纠偏,保证钻杆按预定轨迹钻进作业。

基于扩展滑模扰动观测器的高速列车分布式速度协同滑模控制

针对高速列车运行中因受外界未知扰动而导致的各车厢速度不同步问题,提出一种基于扩展滑模扰动观测器的高速列车分布式滑模控制算法。首先,考虑高速列车运行的受力情况,建立高速列车多质点模型;其次,设计领航者车厢滑模控制器和跟随者车厢分布式滑模控制器,构建扩展滑模扰动观测器估计外界未知干扰,并反馈给分布式滑模控制器,以消除外界未知干扰对高速列车各车厢速度同步造成的影响,同时利用Lyapunov理论证明了算法的稳定性。最后,通过Matlab仿真验证了该算法能实时精确观测外界未知扰动并反馈补偿,跟随者车厢能快速跟踪领航者车厢的速度,速度跟踪精确度高达99.9%。

工程测量技术在地下工程测量与精度控制中的应用

为了提升地下工程测量与精度控制的效率与准确性,本文介绍了工程测量技术在地下工程中的应用。首先概述了地下工程的基本情况,随后详细阐述了工程测量技术的原理及扫描点坐标转换方法。接着,文中探讨了工程测量参数的设计,包括工程扫描分辨率的设定、测站间距的选择和标靶的布设策略。之后,深入分析了地下工程测量点云数据的配准过程,并提出了有效的配准方法。最后,文章给出了成果输出及结论,证明了工程测量技术在地下工程测量与精度控制中的重要作用和显著效果。

一种农业自动化灌溉系统的高效能设计研究

以进一步提升农业自动化灌溉系统的作业效率为研究目标,选取其核心结构组件布局作为研究对象,基于通信控制优化理念展开高效能设计研究。结合自动化灌溉系统的运行机理,从通信网络架构分层角度入手,建立灌溉系统参数计算处理模型。针对系统软件控制和硬件配置完成优化,选定灌溉作物进行灌溉试验,结果表明:此通信网络架构理念下的控制优化布局,可实现灌溉系统的响应准确率与决策准确率同步提升,系统运行稳定有效;整体系统的灌溉效率可达94.55%,满足智能化灌溉控制设计要求,具有很好的应用推广价值。研究结果对于灌溉系统向智能化精准化提升有较好的启示意义。

Steady-state Voltage Security-constrained Optimal Frequency Control for Weak HVDC Sending-end AC Power Systems

Due to the fact that a high share of renewable energy sources(RESs)are connected to high-voltage direct current(HVDC)sending-end AC power systems,the voltage and frequency regulation capabilities of HVDC sending-end AC power systems have diminished.This has resulted in potential system operating problems such as overvoltage and overfrequency,which occur simultaneously when block faults exist in the HVDC link.In this study,a steady-state voltage security-constrained optimal frequency control method for weak HVDC sending-end AC power systems is proposed.The integrated virtual inertia control of RESs is employed for system frequency regulation.Additional dynamic reactive power compensation devices are utilized to control the voltage of all nodes meet voltage security constraints.Then,an optimization model that simultaneously considers the frequency and steady-state voltage security constraints for weak HVDC sending-end AC power systems is established.The optimal control scheme with the minimum total cost of generation tripping and additional dynamic reactive power compensation required is obtained through the optimization solution.Simulations are conducted on a modified IEEE 9-bus test system and practical Qing-Yu line commutated converter based HVDC(LCC-HVDC)sending-end AC power system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

装配叠合整体式地下车站主体结构施工精度控制研究

在装配叠合整体式地下车站主体结构施工过程中,为了达到拼装结构严丝合缝、结构美观、减少结构渗漏、提升装配叠合整体式地下车站施工质量的目的,通过对拼装过程中关键工序的分析研究,制定了提高混凝土构件预制精度、测量精度、安装精度及预埋构件定位精度的相关控制措施,并在实践中进行应用,取得了良好效果,起到进一步推动地下装配叠合式结构发展的作用。

机械加工工艺对零件加工精度影响及质量控制措施

针对目前机械加工企业普遍存在零件加工精度不高问题,对机械加工和零件加工精度进行了概述,分析了目前机械加工工艺存在的主要问题和机械加工工艺对零件加工精度的影响,并探讨了相应的质量控制措施。零件加工精度在很大程度上取决于机械加工工艺,因此,需要持续优化机械加工工艺,并采取有效质量控制措施,进而提升零件加工的精度与质量。

Adaptive Backstepping Slide Mode Control of Pneumatic Position Servo System

With the price decreasing of the pneumatic proportional valve and the high performance micro controller, the simple structure and high tracking performance pneumatic servo system demonstrates more application potential in many fields. However, most existing control methods with high tracking performance need to know the model information and to use pressure sensor. This limits the application of the pneumatic servo system. An adaptive backstepping slide mode control method is proposed for pneumatic position servo system. The proposed method designs adaptive slide mode controller using backstepping design technique. The controller parameter adaptive law is derived from Lyapunov analysis to guarantee the stability of the system. A theorem is testified to show that the state of closed-loop system is uniformly bounded, and the closed-loop system is stable. The advantages of the proposed method include that system dynamic model parameters are not required for the controller design, uncertain parameters bounds are not need, and the bulk and expensive pressure sensor is not needed as well. Experimental performance, as compared with some existing methods. results show that the designed controller can achieve better tracking

Sensor management of LEO constellation based on covariance control

This paper studies the multi-sensor management problem for low earth orbit(LEO) infrared warning constellation used to track a midcourse missile. A covariance control approach, which selects sensor combinations or subset based on the difference between the desired covariance matrix and the actual covariance of each target, is used for sensor management, including some matrix metrics to measure the differentia between two covariance matrices. Besides, to meet the requirements of the space based warning system, the original covariance control approach is improved. Simulation results demonstrate that the covariance control approach is able to provide a better tracking performance by providing a well-designed desired covariance and balance tracking performance goals with system demands.

A Pragmatic Approach for Assessing the Economic Performance of Model Predictive Control Systems and Its Industrial Application

In this article,an approach for economic performance assessment of model predictive control(MPC) system is presented.The method builds on steady-state economic optimization techniques and uses the linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG) benchmark other than conventional minimum variance control(MVC) to estimate the potential of reduction in variance.The LQG control is a more practical performance benchmark compared to MVC for performance assessment since it considers input variance and output variance,and it thus provides a desired basis for determining the theoretical maximum economic benefit potential arising from variability reduction.Combining the LQG benchmark directly with benefit potential of MPC control system,both the economic benefit and the optimal operation condition can be obtained by solving the economic optimization problem.The proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulated example as well as application to economic performance assessment of an industrial model predictive control system.

店坪煤矿长距离巷道高精度贯通测量技术与应用

为保证店坪煤矿830水平南翼大巷贯通导线测量的顺利实施,对店坪煤矿地面控制系统、主斜井及副斜井、830南翼大巷超长距离贯通测量技术方案设计实施和优化进行了研究。通过对控制导线长、副斜井风大、延伸大巷起伏等观测条件复杂等技术问题与不便因素分析探讨。采用GPS高精度测量、陀螺定向测量、应用五连架法附及原有固定边检验法等先进有效的测量技术,分析确定本次贯通测量方案,并进行贯通误差预计。导线贯通闭合后,有效验证贯通设计中各项参数取舍的合理性,贯通精度显示,贯通测量技术方法及成果整体可靠,为二采区采掘面的准确贯通奠定高精度控制导线基础。

Improved Disturbance Observer (DOB) Based Advanced Feedback Control for Optimal Operation of a Mineral Grinding Process

Advanced feedback control for optimal operation of mineral grinding process is usually based on the model predictive control (MPC) dynamic optimization. Since the MPC does not handle disturbances directly by controller design, it cannot achieve satisfactory effects in controlling complex grinding processes in the presence of strong disturbances and large uncertainties. In this paper, an improved disturbance observer (DOB) based MPC advanced feedback control is proposed to control the multivariable grinding operation. The improved DOB is based on the optimal achievable H 2 performance and can deal with disturbance observation for the nonminimum-phase delay systems. In this DOB-MPC advanced feedback control, the higher-level optimizer computes the optimal operation points by maximize the profit function and passes them to the MPC level. The MPC acts as a presetting controller and is employed to generate proper pre-setpoint for the lower-level basic feedback control system. The DOB acts as a compensator and improves the operation performance by dynamically compensating the setpoints for the basic control system according to the observed various disturbances and plant uncertainties. Several simulations are performed to demonstrate the proposed control method for grinding process operation.

Temperature inferential control of a reactive distillation column with double reactive sections

Temperature inferential control (TIC) is studied for a reactive distillation column with double reactive sections (RDC-DRSs) processing a hypothetical two-stage consecutive reversible reaction (A + B■C + D, C + B■E + D with αD > αB > αC > αA > αE). Because of the complicated dynamic behaviors, the controlled stages by sensitivity analysis lead to great steady-state deviations (SSDs) in top and bottom product purities. Since TIC involves considerably reduced settling times in comparison with direct composition control, small SSDs in product qualities correspond generally to small transient deviations (TDs) in product qualities. An objective function that measures SSDs in product qualities is formulated to represent the performance of a TIC system and an iterative procedure is devised to search for the best control configuration. The application of the procedure to the RDC-DRS gives considerably suppressed TDs and SSDs in top and bottom product qualities as compared with the one by sensitivity analysis. The method is simpler in principle and less computationally intensive than the current practice. These striking outcomes show the effectiveness of the proposed principle for the development of TIC systems for complicated reactive distillation columns.

Accuracy analysis of a single-fault Markov model for FADEC system

Time-limited dispatching(TLD)analysis of the full authority digital engine control(FADEC)systems is an important part of the aircraft system safety analysis and a necessary task for the certification of commercial aircraft and aeroengines.In the time limited dispatch guidance document ARP5107B,a single-fault Markov model(MM)approach is proposed for TLD analysis.However,ARP5107B also requires that the loss of thrust control(LOTC)rate error calculated by applying the single-fault MM must be less than 5%when performing airworthiness certification.Firstly,the sources of accuracy errors in three kinds of MM are analyzed and specified through a case study of the general FADEC system,and secondly a two-fault MM considering maintenance policy is established through analyzing and calculating the expected repair time when two related faults happen.Finally,a specific FADEC system is given to study on the influence factors of accuracy error in the single-fault MM,and the results show that the accuracy error of the single-fault MM decreases with the increase of short or long prescribed dispatch time,and the range values of short time(ST)and long time(LT)are determined to satisfy the requirement of accuracy error within 5%.