The Description of Oil Displacement Mechanism in Steam Injection of Multi-Field Synergy with Exergy Transfer

Steam injection is a most effective way for improving heavy oil recovery efficiency, and it has academic and practical significance for the mechanism of multi-field synergy oil displacement. Mechanism of “diversified” oil displacement which is obtained by traditional study methods in the exploitation territory of oil and gas fields has both respective roles and mutual cross shortages. To describe and analyze the displacement process of multi-field coupling with exergy transfer can simplify this kind of problem by introducing a unified goal-driving exergy. It needs to use the method of theoretical modeling, numerical simulation and experimental validation to study the basic law of exergy transfer in the oil displacement process of multi-field synergy, make a thorough research for the flooding process of steam injection with exergy transfer theory and reveal the oil displacement mechanism in steam injection of multi-field synergy. Thus the theory instruction and technical support can be provided to improve reservoirs producing degree and extraction ratio.

Analysis and Calculation of the Flow Pressure in the Multipoint Steam Injection String of a Horizontal Well

The multipoint steam injection string of the horizontal well is a commonly used downhole component for high efficiency steam injection of the thermal recovery horizontal well. A reasonable layout of the valves to ensure an even steam output of each point is still not well designed. At present, a general design method which is urgently necessary isn＇ t applied by each factory. According to the balance relationship of the momentum, the energy and the mass of the fluid flowing in the string, the pressure distribution equation of the fluid flowing in the multipoint steam injection string is built. On the basis of this equation, the design calculation method of the multipoint steam injection string is come up with. A specific example is given in the paper. Study shows that, with the equation built in this paper, the string can be designed with each axial valve having the same output, so that the technical demand of an even steam injection of the horizontal well section can be met.

Melt Treatment of Al-7%Si Alloy by Flux Injection

The melt treatment of A1-7%Si alloy by the flux injection method in a resistance furnance was investigated. The experimental results show that the flux injection method can realize the melt treatment of A1-7%Si alloy. In purification, the flux injection method is superior to the standard lance degassing method. For the injection flux, the purifier Na2SiF6 is more powerful than Na3A1F6, the modifiers SrCl2, and R.E. Cl3 are quick acting, like NaF, but less powerful, the grain refiner containing K2TiF6 and KBF4 with Ti/B=1 is more potent than that with Ti/B=5. The analytical results indicate that the mass-transfer rate for the flux injection method is much higher than that for the conventional method .

Injection-production parameters optimization research SAGD production stage

Steam assisted gravity drainage （SAGD） technology has been industrialized popularization and application in our country, according to the characteristics of Xing group I SAGD experimental zone in liaohe oilfield, SAGD production stage injection-production parameters such as the operating pressure, Sub - Cool control, steam injection rate, steam dryness, production factor are studied and selected.

Fuelling and Diagnostics with Pellet Injection in the HL-1M Tokamak

The pellet injection experiments for fuelling and diagnostics have been carried out on the HL-1M tokamak. The eight-pellet injector was installed on HL-1M. A reliable monitordetector and camera system was set up to take initial pellet photographs and measure the initial pellet speed and size. High fuelling efficiency of 60 % - 100 % and a density profile with a peaking factor of 1.8 - 2.0 were obtained. The maximum density close to 10^14/cm^3 in HL-1M was achieved with newly optimized combined fuelling techniques. Two typical models of pellet ablation have been utilized for simulative calculation of the ablation rates in HL-1M. In comparison with the distribution of the measured Hα emission intensity from the digital data of the CCD camera, the experimental result seems more optimistic for core fuelling than theoretical predictions by the two models. The safety factor profile q（r） has been extracted from the information provided by the CCD camera during the pellet injection. The reliability of the measured results depends mainly on the calibration of the imaging space position. Based on the calibration, the measured q-profile becomes more reasonable than those published previously for the same shot number and same photograph.

Non-water Injection Mix for Blast Furnace YB/T 4153-2006

1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, techni cal requirements, test methods, quality appraisal pro- cedures, packing, marking, transportation, storage, quality certificate, and construction manual of nonwater injection mix for blast furnace.

Steam Flooding after Steam Soak in Heavy Oil Reservoirs through Extended-reach Horizontal Wells

This paper presents a new development scheme of simultaneous injection and production in a single horizontal well drilled for developing small block reservoirs or offshore reservoirs. It is possible to set special packers within the long completion horizontal interval to establish an injection zone and a production zone. This method can also be used in steam flooding after steam soak through a horizontal well. Simulation results showed that it was desirable to start steam flooding after six steam soaking cycles and at this time the oil/steam ratio was 0.25 and oil recovery efficiency was 23.48%. Steam flooding performance was affected by separation interval and steam injection rate. Reservoir numerical simulation indicated that maximum oil recovery would be achieved at a separation section of 40-50 m at steam injection rate of 100-180 t/d; and the larger the steam injection rate, the greater the water cut and pressure difference between injection zone and production zone. A steam injection rate of 120 t/d was suitable for steam flooding under practical injection-production conditions. All the results could be useful for the guidance of steam flooding projects.

Coupled thermo-hydro analysis of steam flow in a horizontal wellbore in a heavy oil reservoir

A novel model for dynamic temperature distribution in heavy oil reservoirs is derived from the principle of energy conservation.A difference equation of the model is firstly separated into radial and axial difference equations and then integrated.Taking into account the coupling of temperature and pressure in the reservoir and wellbore,models for calculating distributions of the reservoir temperature,reservoir pressure,and water saturation are also developed.The steam injected into the wellbore has a more significant effect on reservoir pressure than on reservoir temperature.Calculation results indicate that the reservoir temperature and pressure decrease exponentially with increasing distance from the horizontal wellbore.The radial variation range of the pressure field induced by steam is twice as wide as that of the temperature field,and both variation ranges decrease from the wellbore heel to the toe.Variation of water saturation induced by steam is similar to the temperature and pressure fields.The radial variation ranges of the reservoir temperature and pressure increase with steam injection time,but rate of increase diminishes gradually.

Perovskite Sr0.9Fe0.9Zr0.1O3-δ:Redox-stable Structure,Oxygen Vacancy,Electrical Properties and Steam Electrolysis Performance

Many researchers have studied on perovskite oxide for its unique structure.Perovskite oxides,ABO3-δ,with different A and B metals have shown wide applications in many fields,in particular solid oxide electrolysers.SrFeO3-δ,typical perovskite oxides,in which iron is the mixed-valence cation with the capacity to change the chemical valence,have a wide range of oxygen nonstoichiometry.In this study,Sr（0.9）Fe（0.9）Zr（0.1）O3-δ（SFZO） is synthesized and then treated in 5%H2/Ar and air at high temperature,exhibiting excellent redox stability.Redox-stable structure,oxygen vacancy and electrical properties of SFZO are investigated.Steam electrolysis is then performed with SFZO cathode under 5%H2O/5%H2/Ar and 5%H2O/Ar atmospheres,respectively.The present results indicate that the SFZO is a novel promising cathode material for solid oxide steam electrolyser.

Experimental study on absorption of blade vibration of honeycomb seal and shunt injection

Honeycomb seals and shunt injection have been proposed to weaken the blade vibration.Honeycombseals,as well as,smooth seals were tested with different seals' clearances and shrouded blades.Theshunt injection was sprayed to the blade tip clearance in the reverse direction of the main flow.Experi-mental results showed that both honeycomb seals and shunt injection had the damping effect for blade vi-bration,and the blade vibration magnitude could be reduced by more than 25 % and 17 %,respectively.When the two methods were adopted synchronously,more than 1/3 of the blade vibration could be re-duced.Consequently,adopting honeycomb seal and superinducing proper shunt injection are two usefulways to minimize vibration of the blade from the viewpoints of avoiding blade rupture and improving therotor stability.

Boundary layer flow over a moving surface in a nanofluid with suction or injection

An analysis is performed to study the heat transfer characteristics of steady two-dimensional boundary layer flow past a moving permeable flat plate in a nanofluid. The effects of uniform suction and injection on the flow field and heat transfer characteristics are numerically studied by using an implicit finite difference method. It is found that dual solutions exist when the plate and the free stream move in the opposite directions. The results indicate that suction delays the boundary layer separation, while injection accelerates it.

Effect of water injection on hydrogen generation during severe accident in PWR

Effect of water injection on hydrogen generation during severe accident in a 1000 MWe pressurized water reactor was studied. The analyses were carried out with different water injection rates at different core damage stages. The core can be quenched and accident progression can be terminated by water injection at the time before cohesive core debris is formed at lower core region. Hydrogen generation rate decreases with water injection into the core at the peak core temperature of 1700 K, because the core is quenched and reflooded quickly. The water injection at the peak core temperature of 1900 K, the hydrogen generation rate increases at low injection rates of the water, as the core is quenched slowly and the core remains in uncovered condition at high temperatures for a longer time than the situation of high injection rate. At peak core temperature of 2100–2300 K, the Hydrogen generation rate increases by water injection because of the steam serving to the high temperature steam-starved core. Hydrogen generation rate increases significantly after water injection into the core at peak core temperature of 2500 K because of the steam serving to the relocating Zr-U-O mixture. Almost no hydrogen generation can be seen in base case after formation of the molten pool at the lower core region. However, hydrogen is generated if water is injected into the molten pool, because steam serves to the crust supporting the molten pool. Reactor coolant system (RCS) depressurization by opening power operated relief valves has important effect on hydrogen generation. Special attention should be paid to hydrogen generation enhancement caused by RCS depressurization.

平台项目双引领及促进“科-产-教”深度融合

依托广州华立科技职业学院电力工业自动化研究院平台和广东省科技创新战略专项资金立项项目,创建平台、项目双引领。对接增城本地制造企业,提出构建Solid Learning(形塑学习)培养模式,该模式将数据库、企业、学校联系在一起,以解决企业难点、提升学生STEAM综合能力为目标,探索出一条具有区域特色的“科-产-教”深度融合发展之路。

渤海旅大27-2油田蒸汽吞吐先导试验注采工程

借鉴国内外蒸汽吞吐技术的开发经验,从地质-油藏工程方案、注采方案、地面(平台)方案几个方面进行研究,并结合现场实施情况进行综合分析。确定了油藏开发方案和注汽参数,研发了地面小型化、撬装化的蒸汽发生器及配套的海水淡化系统、高纯氮气系统,设计了油管注汽工艺、油套环空注高纯氮气工艺、伴注除氧剂的注汽工艺及井筒防腐措施;在海上首次采用了高温电潜泵(耐温250℃)进行热采稠油举升,并对高温井进行温度压力监测;首次在渤海旅大27-2油田进行了稠油先导性试验,取得了较好的试验效果,为下一步大规模开发渤海稠油油田提供了良好的依据和基础。

水蒸气蒸馏与顶空进样GC-MS分析白胡椒挥发性成分

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法和顶空加热提取白胡椒挥发性成分,并对其进行气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,发现不同采集方法制备的白胡椒挥发性成分有所不同。采用顶空进样技术,可鉴定出白胡椒中32个挥发性化学成分;采用水蒸气蒸馏法可鉴定出26个挥发性化学成分;两种采样方法进行的GC-MS分析,有18种相同化合物,但相对含量有一定差异。两种样品采集方法,分别提供了白胡椒中不同沸点的挥发物的化学信息,从而建立更全面的白胡椒挥发性成分GC-MS表征体系。

三种提取方法结合GC-MS分析比较草豆蔻的挥发性成分

目的:分析草豆蔻的挥发性成分。方法:分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法、顶空进样法以及超临界CO2萃取法提取草豆蔻中的挥发性成分,采用气相色谱-质谱技术(GC-MS)结合Kovat's保留指数进行检测分析。结果:水蒸气蒸馏法和顶空进样法检测到草豆蔻挥发性成分主要为萜类化合物,而超临界CO2萃取物中挥发性成分主要为烯类、醇类及芳香类化合物。结论:不同的样品前处理方法分别侧重于药材中不同类型的挥发性成分;利用GC-MS分析技术并结合Kovat's保留指数进行定性分析更准确、快速。

油页岩原位注蒸汽开发的固-流-热-化学耦合数学模型研究

针对目前传统地面干馏油页岩技术中存在的高成本、高污染问题,提出了对油页岩进行原位注蒸汽开发的新方法.并利用太原理工大学研制的高温高压干馏釜对油页岩进行了高温高压蒸汽作用下油页岩干馏渗透实验.结果表明:高温高压蒸汽作用下油页岩会产生大量的孔隙、裂隙,从根本上提高了油页岩的渗透性;主要利用对流传热的方式,高效率地加热了油页岩并带走页岩油.同时,在复杂理论分析的基础上建立了油页岩原位注蒸汽开发过程中的固、流、热、化学耦合数学模型,包含了众多的耦合项作用,为分析解决油页岩原位注蒸汽开发过程中的复杂物理化学过程提供了理论依据.

井筒-地层动态温度场数学模型

从水蒸汽的热力学性质入手，结合稠油热采方法，建立了用于计算蒸汽、油管、套管和地层动态温度场的数学模型。

同一油藏应用2种开发方式的探索与实践——以新滩油田垦东18-32井区为例

确定合理的开发方式 ,是一个油藏投入开发首要解决的问题。新滩油田垦东1 8- 32井区具有砂体原油性质差异大、常规试采产能差异大的特点。为了提高开发效果和经济效益 ,在对类似油藏深入分析的基础上 ,开展了数值模拟优化对比研究 ,确定了采用蒸汽吞吐与常规注水相结合的开发方式 ,实施后初见成效。这一探索性实践可以为同一油藏采用不同开发方式开发的生产研究提供一定借鉴。

水蒸气蒸馏与顶空进样GC-MS法分析荜茇挥发性成分

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法和顶空进样法提取荜茇挥发性成分,经GC-MS分析,结果显示,采用水蒸气蒸馏法和顶空进样技术均可鉴定出荜茇中28个挥发性化学成分,其中有17种共有化合物,但相对含量有差异。本研究采用两种样品采集方法,并提供了荜茇中不同沸点的挥发物的化学信息,从而建立更全面的荜茇挥发性成分GC-MS表征体系。