Shao Steel Products

The Guangdong Shao Steel Group Corporation, a comprehensive steel

Current Situation and Development of Refractories for Clean Steel Production

The low cost and high efficient clean steels metallur- gy has been focused much attention in China. Among the factors affecting the cleanliness and consequent quali- ty of steel products, refractories are one of the key fac- tors. Meanwhile the restriction of resource, energy and environment is getting stronger, thus the improvement of refractories becontes much more important. In this paper, refractories selection principle Jbr clean steel production according to their thermodynamic features was ex- plained; refractories for tundLsh and flow control in con- tinuous casting, which play important roles in prohibi- ring secondary contamination of molten steel, were intro- duced. Moreover, new development of low-carbon and carbon-free refractory materials was also described.

Demand of Electric Power and Its Forecasting in Iron and Steel Complex

A systematic study on the electrical load forecasting for large-scale iron and steel companies was made. After analyzing the electrical load＇s characteristics, an algorithm framework for the load forecasting in iron and steel complex was formulated based on model combination and scheme filtration. The algorithm features data quality self- adaptation, convenient forecasting model extension, easy practical application, etc. , and has been successfully applied in Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Shanghai, China, resulting in great economic benefit.

Modeling and optimization methods of integrated production planning for steel plate mill with flexible customization

With diversified requirements and varying manufacturing environments, the optimal production planning for a steel mill becomes more flexible and complicated. The flexibility provides operators with auxiliary requirements through an implementable integrated production planning. In this paper, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) model is proposed for the optimal planning that incorporates various manufacturing constraints and flexibility in a steel plate mill. Furthermore, two solution strategies are developed to overcome the weakness in solving the MINLP problem directly. The first one is to transform the original MINLP formulation to an approximate mixed integer linear programming using a classic linearization method. The second one is to decompose the original model using a branch-and-bound based iterative method. Computational experiments on various instances are presented in terms of the effectiveness and applicability. The result shows that the second method performs better in computational efforts and solution accuracy.

Reducing energy demand and environmental emissions in secondary steel processing by using modular dry mechanical vacuum pumping systems

Steel production remains an energy-intensive industry in a world where there is an ever-increasing emphasis on lowering energy costs,reducing greenhouse gas emissions,ensuring environmental compliance,and improving production rates.As the growth in demand for speciality steels continues its steady increase,and new market opportunities for ever higher steel performance appear,significant global attention is focused on secondary steel processing,and on the VD,VOD and RH processes.One new technology is able to address all of these issues and concerns together-the integrated ladle tank vacuum degassing station equipped with the new modular mechanical vacuum pumping systems.This paper will examine the economic and environmental benefits, operational characteristics,and recent results provided by such steel degassing installations.

Improvement of Concrete Properties and Reinforcing Steel Inhibition Using a Natural Product Admixture

The use of a natural white juice, taken from magrabe banana stem, as concrete admixture to improve mechanical and physicrvchemical properties of concrete has been studied. The compressive strength, bulk density the free lime liberated during hydration and the combined water content were determined. The results indicate that the admixture acts as a retarder in most cases and as accelerator in some ones. Also, the admixture effect on the corrosion resistance of the reinforcing steel against surrounding aggressive media has been investigated using galvanostatic polarization technique. The addition of 0.2% admixture leads to the more inhibition of the steel

Finite Element Analysis of Continuous Induction Reheating of Hot Steel Long Products

This paper deals with the study of induction reheating of long steel products starting from an initial temperature of around 700 Celsius degrees,based on finite element models.Two industrial innovative technologies are considered:reheating of hot billets between the continuous casting lines and the rolling mill facilities and reheating of steel rails before quenching,if the rail upper side hardening is included in the rolling mill facilities.The finite element analysis of coupled electromagnetic and thermal phenomena takes into account the dependences on temperature of electromagnetic and thermal properties of steel.

Transient Temperature Analysis for Industrial AC Arc Furnace Bottom

Heat losses from the furnaces depend on the design and size. The surface heat loss from the bottom of an industrial AC electric arc furnace (EAF) possesses an important fraction of overall losses. So in this study the transient temperature variation at the bottom of the EAF was investigated. The transient temperature analysis was carried out using MATLAB computer program. T=T(r, t) for different bottom lining layers was depicted.

The study of metal cycles in China

A model of Fe-flow in the life cycle of steel product was put forward and analyzed. Three important resource and environmental indicators for Fe-flow analysis,that is,steel scrap index,iron ore index and iron loss index were derived from this model. Illustrative examples,demonstrating the influence of the variation of steel output on steel scrap index and iron ore index were given. Case studies for estimating the values of steel scrap index of Japan,China and USA in the period of 1988-1997 were carried out. It was clarified that the main reason of severe deficiency in steel scraps for China's steel industry was its continued rapid growth. The study of iron,copper,zinc and lead cycle in China was carried out successfully according to this model.

Mold flux entrainment mechanisms

This paper presents a comprehensive and critical review of mold flux entrainment mechanisms in continuous casting of steel.Entrainment introduces inclusions into the final product,and thus greatly hinders clean steel production.By understanding the mechanisms that cause entrainment,the operating conditions of casters can be tuned to reduce the number of defects.Nine different mechanisms have been proposed over the last three decades,including vortex formation around the submerged entry nozzle(SEN),argon bubble interactions with the slag layer,shear-layer instability at the slag-steel interface,excessive upward flow impingement upon the meniscus, top surface level fluctuations,meniscus freezing and hook formation,top surface "balding",top surface standing wave instability,and slag crawling down the SEN.The previous work done for each of these mechanisms is presented,including both quantitative and qualitative descriptions of their behavior.

Change in Carbon Dioxide (CO_2) Emissions From Energy Use in China's Iron and Steel Industry

As the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector and one of the most important sources of carhon dioxide （CO2） emissions, the China＇s iron and steel industry has paid attention to the study of changing trend and influencing factors of CO2 emissions from energy use. The logarithmic mean Divisia index （LMD1） technique is used to decompose total change in CO2 emissions into four factors： emission factor effect, energy structure effect, energy consumption effect, and steel production effect. The results show that the steel production effect is the major factor which is responsible for the rise in CO2 emissions; whereas the energy consumption effect contributes most to the reduction in CO2 emissions. And the emission factor effect makes a weak negative contribution to the increase of CO2 emis- sions. To find out the detailed relationship between change in energy consumption or steel production and change in CO2 emissions, the correlation equations are also proposed.

Refining mercury emission estimations to the atmosphere from iron and steel production

Due to its long-range transport in the atmosphere,mercury is a pollutant of global concern with health risks to humans and ecosystems worldwide（Li et al.,2012;Lindqvist et al.,1991;Liu et al.,2012a;Tang et al.,2016;Wang et al.,2015;Shao et al.,2016）.Atmospheric mercury,mainly from emission from various natural and anthropogenic sources and re-emission of previously released mercury built up in surface soils and oceans,

Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Soils Using Multivariate Statistics and Geostatistics

The main objectives of this study were to introduce an integrated method for effectively identifying soil heavy metal pollution sources and apportioning their contributions, and apply it to a case study. The method combines the principal component analysis/absolute principal component scores (PCA/APCS) receptor model and geostatistics. The case study was conducted in an area of 31 km2 in the urban-rural transition zone of Wuhan, a metropolis of central China. 124 topsoil samples were collected for measuring the concentrations of eight heavy metal elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co). PCA results revealed that three major factors were responsible for soil heavy metal pollution, which were initially identified as "steel production", "agronomic input" and "coal consumption". The APCS technique, combined with multiple linear regression analysis, was then applied for source apportionment. Steel production appeared to be the main source for Ni, Co, Cd, Zn and Mn, agronomic input for Cu, and coal consumption for Pb and Cr. Geostatistical interpolation using ordinary kriging was finally used to map the spatial distributions of the contributions of pollution sources and further confirm the result interpretations. The introduced method appears to be an effective tool in soil pollution source apportionment and identification, and might provide valuable reference information for pollution control and environmental management.