An SPM stage driven by three stepper motors

A scanning probe microscope(SPM)stage controlled by three stepper motors is designed,which has more flexibilitiesthan that of one motor controlled stage,while the control whom is more complicated.In this project,we build the stageactions in an Arduino microcontroller,and finite state machine(FSM)is also built in the Arduino micro controller to communicatewith a computer and a radio frequency(RF)controller.A special displaying scheme with five states is employed to indicatethe operation of the stage.Finally,the stage is fully tested and has a700nm resolution in Z motion of the SPM.

Rapid Prototype with Field Gate (A Design and Implementation of Stepper Motor Using FPGA)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Stepper Motor using Nexys2 circuit board based on a Xilinx Spartan 3E Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device with VHDL code. The algorithm implemented on FPGA allows a substantial decrease of the equivalent processing time developed by different velocity controllers. The Stepper Speed control is achieved using VHDL code, and the hardware digital circuit is designed for a programmable rotational stepper motor using VHDL as a tool and FPGA as a target technology. The 50 MHZ provided by the starter kit is divided to obtain the necessary delay time between the motor phases that ranges between 2 - 10 m seconds. Though output selections, the direction of rotation of the stepper motor besides the magnitude of the angle of movement and the rotation speed can be controlled. The major advantage of using reconfigurable hardware (FPGA) in implementing the Stepper Motor instead of a discrete digital component is that it makes modifications to the design easy and quick and also, the total design hence represents an embedded system (works without computer). The total programmable hardware design that controlled on the stepper motor movement, occupied an area that did not exceed 12% of the chip resources.

A genetic algorithm based lookup table approach for optimal stepping sequence of open-loop stepper motor systems

Stepper motor driven systems are widely used in industrial applications. They are mainly used for their low cost open-loop high performance. However, as dynamic systems need to be increasingly faster and their motion more precise, it is important to have an open-loop system which is accurate and reliable. In this paper, we present a novel technique in which a genetic algorithm （GA） based lookup table approach is used to find the optimal stepping sequence of an open-loop stepper motor system. The optimal sequence objective is to minimize residual vibration and to accurately follow trajectory. A genetic algorithm is used to find the best stepping sequence which minimizes the error and improves the system performance. Numerical simulation has showed the effectiveness of our approach to improve the system performance for both position and velocity. The optimized system reduced the residual vibration and was able to follow the trajectory with minimal error.

Development of an ionic polymer-metal composite stepper motor using a novel actuator model

A novel ionic polymer–metal composite(IPMC)actuated stepper motor was developed in order to demonstrate an innovative design process for complete IPMC systems.The motor was developed by utilizing a novel model for IPMC actuators integrated with the complete mechanical model of the motor.The dynamic,nonlinear IPMC model can accurately predict the displacement and force actuation in air for a large range of input voltages as well as accounting for interactions with mechanical systems and external loads.By integrating this geometrically scalable IPMC model with a mechanical model of the motor mechanism an appropriate size IPMC strip has been chosen to achieve the required motor specifications.The entire integrated system has been simulated and its performance verified.The system has been built and the experimental results validated to show that the motor works as simulated and can indeed achieve continuous 360
rotation,similar to conventional motors.This has proven that the model is an indispensable design tool for integrated IPMC actuators into real systems.This newly developed system has demonstrated the complete design process for smart material actuator systems,representing a large step forward and aiding in the progression of IPMCs towards wide acceptance as replacements for traditional actuators.

Improved Study on Position Measurement System for Linear Motor Applied in Electromagnetic Launch System

The linear motor applied in electromagnetic emission system uses a closed loop position control strategy,which needs a set of position measurement system with high reliability,high resolution and integration to achieve real-time acquisition and analysis of position signals.The existing position controller is based on the simple logic chip design without memory function,and does not have the storage analysis and preprocessing function to position signals.Therefore,the system has insufficient scalability,low integration and reliability.Aiming at the improvement of the existing position measurement system,an intelligent position measurement system integrating the functions of position signals acquisition,processing and uploading,data storage and analysis is proposed in this paper,and its working principle and system composition are discussed in detail.The position,speed and acceleration obtained on the electromagnetic emission platform are in good agreement with the expected value of the system.As results,the feasibility and accuracy of the improved integrated intelligent position measurement system are verified,and the control performance of the system is also satisfied well,which can be good guidance and reference for subsequent engineering practice.

Satellite Rotation Modulation Measurement System Based on Ultrasonic Motor

Rotation modulation technique is generally used to improve the performance of aviation and marine inertial navigation system.Considering of the performance requirements from current aerospace to MEMS micro-nano inertial device,this paper proposedrotary inertial device modulation technology application methods on the satellite.Firstly,taking the advantage ofultrasonic motor,like high resolution,fast response,electromagnetic compatibility,a lowmagnetic,high-precision and appropriate for use on satellite ultrasonic motor modulation turntable was developed.Then,through theoretical modeling and simulations,the rotation modulation technology was verified to improvethe precise of satellite attitude measurementeffectively,equivalent toimprove the accuracy of MEMS gyro over an order of magnitude.This work helpsachieve the application of rotation modulation technology in aerospace and acceleratethe promotion of the MEMS gyro in satellite attitude measurement.

On-line Temperature Rise Measurement of Submersible Motors

A new approach to the on-line temperature rise measurement of submersible pump's motors is presented. A new method of power supply and signed transmission for the measurement device in the pump well is also put forward here. The design and some experimental results are given.

EMTP Induction Motor Model from Modal Measurements for Inverter Surge Analysis

The over-voltage phenomenon is usually described using the traveling wave and reflection phenomena in variable speed drive system. A voltage pulse, initiated at the inverter, being reflected at the motor terminals due to a mismatch between the surge impedance of the motor and the cable. In this paper, resistance, inductance and capacitance of the cable and the motor windings are obtained experimentally by modal measurements and suitable models are developed to match the experimental results by considering resonance in the motor winding. This paper emphasize on Induction motor model using the theory of natural modes of propagation. The developed model validity is investigated for inverter surge application.

基于S7-200 PLC的步进电机运动控制系统设计

提出基于西门子S7-200 PLC的步进电机运动控制系统的设计与实现。由于S7-200系列PLC不支持圆弧插补功能,采用极限逼近的算法,利用PLC输出高速脉冲信号和方向信号驱动步进电动机进行画圆的工作,并通过系统的调试对该方法进行了验证。

农业自动卷管机设计与试验

为了解决农业喷灌作业过程中通过人工收放水管存在效率低下、劳动强度大的问题,设计了一种由导向机构、收放管机构、排管机构及控制系统组成的自走式农业自动卷管机,提出了基于步进电机的精密排管系统以及基于增量式PID的恒张力收放管控制方法,开发了自动卷管机实物样机。样机试验结果表明:自动卷管机的排管效果良好,能够适应多种管径的水管且水管排列整齐紧密;卷管机的恒张力控制性能良好,在4.0km/h小时车速工况下,水管张力的最大相对误差为7.7%;在(0~4.0)km/h速度阶变工况下水管张力的最大相对误差为15.3%,收放管的速度能够自适应车速变化,水管的张力始终处于合理范围内。

基于STM32的步进电机加减速轨迹规划算法

针对传统步进电机开环控制下加减速过程中柔性冲击大、失步和过冲等问题,结合STM32单片机提出了一种离散化的、带有电流调节的S曲线加减速控制算法。首先,通过多项式算法构建连续光滑的S曲线,根据矩频特性拟合转速和转矩的关系,联立转速和功率的关系,推导出电流计算方法;然后,对连续的S曲线进行等时间间隔采样,完成对S曲线的离散化;最后,在Keil平台进行算法代码编写,将编译后的工程文件下载到STM32中,通过步进电机的速度和位置跟踪实验验证了算法的有效性。

压缩感知在斜轴式马达声强成像中的应用研究

斜轴式轴向柱塞马达内部噪声源距离较近,如马达配流盘进、出油口间的距离为38 mm,且马达噪声源存在同频及倍频现象。斜轴式马达内部密集复杂的噪声源,导致频谱分析方法难以准确识别同频及倍频信号,传统声强测量的最高分辨率为50 mm,无法满足马达内部噪声源的辨识精度要求。针对传统方法难以准确辨识马达噪声源的问题,文中提出了一种基于压缩感知的声强测量方法,将压缩感知理论运用于声强云图高精度重构中,获取马达高分辨率的声强重构图像。首先,通过对斜轴式马达进行噪声辐射仿真分析,获取其外表面声场特性;然后,以马达外表面声强云图为先验信息,设计应用于马达声场的压缩感知框架,获取高精度重构马达声强云图;最后,通过马达传统声强测量与压缩感知声强测量的对比实验验证压缩感知理论对于提高马达噪声源辨识精度的可行性。结果表明,基于压缩感知的声强测量方法将马达噪声源辨识尺度从原来的70 mm提升至30 mm,提高了马达噪声源的辨识精度,实现了马达噪声源的高精度定位。

机电一体化精确定位装置电控部分的选型与设计

机电一体化精确定位装置的电控部分以可编程逻辑控制器作为控制核心,发送指令改变电机的转动速度、转动方向。为了实现快速、精确定位,一方面,需要做好电控部分硬件设备的选型,包括可编程逻辑控制器、步进电机、伺服电机、触摸屏与通信光缆等;另一方面,还要科学分配可编程逻辑控制器的输入/输出口(In put/Out put,I/O),以及设计电控程序等,进一步提高精确定位装置的使用效果。

基于SMT单片机的双轴太阳能智能追光系统的设计

为提高太阳能发电效率,文章设计了一种基于SMT单片机的双轴太阳能智能追光系统。系统通过光敏器件采用双轴跟踪方式根据太阳光照强度实时调整光伏电池板的方向,使光伏板接收太阳辐射的效率最高。系统实时采集光照强度参数并显示,由单片机控制电机“智慧”追踪太阳,亦可通过按键切换为手动模式控制步进电机四向翻转。若光照不够,可以通过充电器为系统充电使其正常工作。

基于主动式阻尼的混合式步进电机转速振荡抑制控制

混合式步进电机因其特殊的机械结构导致自身阻尼极小,在实际运行过程中会发生振荡过大,甚至失步的问题。为提高混合式步进电机的控制品质,提出一种基于主动式阻尼的步进电机转速振荡抑制方法。首先,将电机模型转化至同步旋转dq坐标系,将电流i_d控制恒为额定电流,利用位置误差和速度误差调节电流i_q生成瞬时转矩,抑制电机运行时存在的振荡现象。其次,为实现电机闭环反馈控制,提出一种将同步频率提取滤波器(SFF)与三阶锁相环(PLL~3rd)相结合的无传感器控制方法。SFF可以滤除反电动势信号中的高次谐波,PLL~3rd能消除转速变化过程中的稳态误差。实验证明,该方法有效抑制了步进电机运行过程中的振荡现象,提升了电机的运行品质。

基于改进自适应遗传算法的小径短绳自动打捆机步进电机PID控制

为提高小径短绳自动打捆机步进电机的控制精度,在分析经典遗传算法和经典自适应遗传算法的基础上,引入进化代数和个体适应值排名来指导自适应交叉率和自适应变异率,设计了一个基于改进自适应遗传算法的PID控制器,以削弱进化过程中优良参数的退化现象。MATLAB仿真结果表明,改进的自适应遗传PID提高了收敛精度,并具有更快的收敛速度。针对步进电机的实际测试结果表明,与经典遗传算法相比,改进的自适应遗传PID调整时间更短、超调量更低。

电机转子温度监测方法研究现状及展望

随着高速电机的发展,转子的温度已成为电机设计和健康监测的重要指标,舰船电机的强电磁工作环境、狭小的气隙、较大的旋转离心力是转子温度监测面临的难题。文中针对电机转子温度的监测方法,主要包括电阻法、红外测温法、电子类传感器测温法、半导体温敏元件法和光纤光栅测温法,阐述了各方法的原理和特点,介绍了转子温度在线监测领域的研究现状和取得的主要成果,重点聚焦光纤布拉格光栅的应用和研究进展,分析总结了各方法的适用性和存在的主要问题,并展望了未来的技术路线和发展方向。

一种机械臂电机故障时频尺度诊断方法——基于深度学习和激光多普勒测振技术

机械臂电机振动信号的采集效果较差,影响时频特性分析过程,导致故障诊断效果与精度较差,为此提出基于深度学习和激光多普勒测振技术的机械臂电机故障时频尺度诊断方法。使用激光多普勒测振技术与小波阈值去噪算法,建立机械臂电机振动信号采集系统,获取并重构故障信号;提取电机振动信号的时域、频域等尺度特征,引入人工神经网络建立一个具备学习能力的故障诊断模型,将提取的机械臂电机故障时域、频域等尺度特征输入诊断模型中,输出分类诊断结果,即可完成机械臂电机故障时频尺度诊断。结果表明:利用该方法开展电机故障诊断时,检测结果与实际电机故障类型之间偏差较小,诊断效果好、精度高。

基于灰狼算法的步进电机滑模控制系统设计

为了改善转台方位轴的位置精准度及抖振现象,本文围绕步进电机控制系统展开研究。设计了指数趋近律的位置方程,应用了灰狼优化算法整定滑模控制系统的多项参数。在此基础上建立了数学模型,使用MATLAB/Simulink构建了位置三闭环仿真,对系统的位置精准度、抗干扰能力进行分析,并与PID控制系统、传统的滑模控制系统进行了比较。仿真结果表明优化后的控制系统较稳定,响应速度快,抗干扰能力强。最后基于STM32F10ZET6主控芯片搭建了硬件平台,实验证明了优化后的控制策略有效提升了位置精准度,保证了系统的可靠性。

主被动一体式模拟肺设计与测试

人工模拟肺是呼吸机设计开发和性能测试不可或缺的关键仪器设备.当前国内外模拟肺多数为被动模式,即仅能模拟人体无自主呼吸意识下的被动呼吸功能,且呼吸力学参数固定.针对以上问题,设计了一种呼吸力学参数连续可调的主被动一体式人工模拟肺模型.首先,设计并加工了人工模拟肺的外形结构,开发了基于步进电机的模拟肺驱动系统.其次,设计了基于LabVIEW的上位机控制软件,实现对步进电机的驱动控制和压力、流量信号的反馈处理.最后,搭建整体实验平台,实现了主动呼吸模式下快速呼吸、平静呼吸、深度呼吸这三种人体基本呼吸模式的模拟,测量潮气量与目标潮气量误差在±0.05%以内;设计了基于PID控制的模拟肺顺应性控制方法,实现了被动呼吸模式下不同顺应性时的跟随控制,维持目标顺应性误差在±15%以内.