Male sterile NEA plants were identified in progenies of the radiated 92P x Aggregate-silique in Brassica napus L. in 1993. Their progeny plants from test crossing and open pollination were 100% male sterile. The doubl...Male sterile NEA plants were identified in progenies of the radiated 92P x Aggregate-silique in Brassica napus L. in 1993. Their progeny plants from test crossing and open pollination were 100% male sterile. The double-low male sterile lines JL-4 and JL-18 were bred through successive backcrossing of the double -low variety No.4 and No. 18 in Brassica napus L.to NEA. Restorer lines 6720 and 6722 with significant heterosis in F1 were developed. The results from investigating the restoring-ntaintaining relationship and inheritance of the restorer gene indicated that JL-4 and JL-18 were different from both PolCMS and Shan 2A type, and their restorer gene was controlled by a pair of dominant genie genes.展开更多
The DNAfragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) primer OPAl2 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B, and were sequenced. The nucleotide...The DNAfragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) primer OPAl2 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B, and were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences and lengths of the fragments from Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B showed no difference. The precise length of the fragment was 1 588 bp. Sequence characterized amplification region (SCAR) primers were then developed to discriminate the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and their maintainer lines. A specific 1 588 bp fragment could be amplified with SCAR primers, CHI19F2/CHI19R2 and CHI20F3/CHI23R3, in the mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A, but not Zhenshan 97B. Furthermore, the specific fragment could be also amplified from the total DNA from green leaf tissues of Zhenshan 97A with SCAR primers, but not Zhenshan 97B. With the corresponding primers, the specific fragment could also be amplified from the total DNA of green leaves of other two CMS lines with wild abortive type cytoplasm (CMS-WA), namely Zhenpin A and Tianfeng A, but not in their maintainer lines. Moreover, using total DNA as template, each of the four pairs of SCAR primers could also be used to amplify the 1 588 bp fragment in CMS-ID (Indonesia paddy type) line 11-32A but not in 11-32B, and the specific fragment was amplified from the DNA of both F1 and F2 seedlings of Shanyou 63. The results of detecting the genetic purity of a man-made mixture of the seeds of Zhenshan 97A using CHI20F3/CHI23R3 were completely consistent with the phenotypes. Taken together, these results indicated that the specific 1 588 bp-fragment amplified by CHI20F3/CHI23R3 was the unique amplification products of CMS mitochondrial DNA, and could be used to distinguish CMS-WA and CMS-ID lines from their corresponding maintainer lines at the seedling stage.展开更多
An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations....An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm diameter.TS-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines (TNAU18S and TNAU60S) had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 (36 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21044 (13 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21009 (26.5 g/plant), TNAU60S/CB-09-106 (26.2 g/plant), TNAU60S/IET21009 (14 g/plant) and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 (39.2 g/plant) showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.展开更多
Four sets of rice isonuclear-alloplasmic lines including 16 male sterile lines and their maintainer lines were analyzed by using 91 pairs of SSR primers to study the genetic diversity of nuclear genome and their relat...Four sets of rice isonuclear-alloplasmic lines including 16 male sterile lines and their maintainer lines were analyzed by using 91 pairs of SSR primers to study the genetic diversity of nuclear genome and their relative relationships. A total of 169 alleles were detected in the 16 lines, with a frequency of polymorphic loci of 53.85% and an average number of alleles per locus of 1.8, and the average gene diversity was 0.228. Four sets of the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines shared 146 identical alleles, corresponding to 86.39% of the total alleles; meanwhile, there are 23 different alleles among the tested materials, being 13.61% of the total alleles. On average, 78.70% identical alleles and 21.30% different alleles of the total alleles were detected between the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines and their maintainer lines. There were 53.85% identical alleles and 46.15% different alleles of the total alleles among the homozygous allonucleus male sterile lines. The fingerprints were established for some male sterile lines and maintainer lines. All the materials tested were divided into three groups at the 0.2 genetic distance based on the cluster analysis. Eight lines of Huanong A and Huayu A (including Huanong B and Huayu B) were in the first group, four lines of Kezhen A (including Kezhen B) in the second group, and four lines of Zhenshan 97A (including Zhenshan 97B) in the third group. For the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines, the similarity coefficient between Y (Yegong) type and WA (wild abortive) type or between CW (Raoping wild rice) and WA type reached 87-98%.展开更多
Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understan...Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understand the genetic basis of dominant earliness, the genotype of photoperiod-sensitive genes in Kefeng A was analyzed using a complete set of heading time near isogenic lines (NILs) EGO to EG7, ER, LR, T65, T65E^b, T65E^bm, T65m, NIL(Hd1) and NIL(Hd4). Results indicated that Kefeng A contained two dominant photoperiod-sensitive alleles E1 and Se-1^U on E1 and Se-1 loci, respectively, and the genotype of photoperiod-sensitivity genes for heading time in Kefeng A was E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1^USe-1UEf-1Ef-1. Based on the detected heading time genotype, in combination with the heading time of Kefeng A and the early maturing phenomenon in its derived F1 hybrids, it is speculated that Kefeng A might carry a dominant inhibitor gene Su-E7 for the dominant photoperiod- sensitive gene E1, and a recessive inhibitor gene i-Se-1 for another dominant photoperiod-sensitive gene Se-1. The reason why F1 hybrids from Kefeng A exhibited early maturing was hereby analyzed and the breeding value of dominant earliness related genes in Kefeng A was discussed.展开更多
The seed samples of Yuetai A, a Honglian (HL) type cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line in hybrid rice were investigated to assess the seed purity and to analyze the cause of off-type plants by imitating the biolog...The seed samples of Yuetai A, a Honglian (HL) type cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line in hybrid rice were investigated to assess the seed purity and to analyze the cause of off-type plants by imitating the biological contaminant to Yuetai A in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Lingshui, Hainan Province during 2004-2006. The seed impurity of Yuetai A mainly resulted from the genetic drift of restoring fertility gene (Rt) after biological contamination but not from its sterility unstability. All of the ten maintainer lines, five restorer lines and three thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines used in the study could pollinate Yuetai A and Yuetai B to produce F1 plants, directly or indirectly resulting in Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A and generating 'iso-cytoplasm restoring-generations'. Furthermore, high outcrossing rate and similar heading date of Yuetai A with many varieties used in rice production might easily result in the biological contamination. After removing all plants with Rf-gene mixed in Yuetai A and preventing Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A, the seed purity of Yuetai A and Yuetai B had been raised to 100%.展开更多
The major male sterile genes in a new photo/thermo-sensitive genie male sterile (PTGMS) line B06S of rice were analyzed by the manipulation of mixture distribution theory. The results indicated that a pair of major ma...The major male sterile genes in a new photo/thermo-sensitive genie male sterile (PTGMS) line B06S of rice were analyzed by the manipulation of mixture distribution theory. The results indicated that a pair of major male sterile nuclear genes with large effects were responsible for controlling the male sterility of B06S.展开更多
The male sterile line is very important in the hybrid breeding program of rapeseed. This study was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of many characters of male sterile lines in Brassica napus L. Ten recessiv...The male sterile line is very important in the hybrid breeding program of rapeseed. This study was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of many characters of male sterile lines in Brassica napus L. Ten recessive genetic male sterile (RGMS) lines were used as parents to produce 45 single cross hybrids by using a half diallel cross method. These 45 crosses and their 10 parents were evaluated at Guiyang during 2007-2008. The results showed that both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combiing ability (SCA) effects were important for all characters, but additive gene effects were more predominant than non-additive gene effects. Qianyou 8AB and You 2894AB gave respective highly significant GCA effects of 230.94 and 127.65 kg-hm-2 for seed yield. Lines You 2894AB, QH303-4AB, You 157AB and You 2341AB gave highly significant GCA effects for oil content of 0.99, 1.62, 1.20 and 1.53%, respectively. The crosses among lines Qianyou 3AxQianyou 8B, Qianyou 8AxYou 2894B, You 2894AxQianyou 6B, Qianyou 8AxQH303-4B and Qianyou 8Ax Qianyou 6B gave high SCA effects of 616.29, 398.71,356.48, 394.24 and 303.79 kg hm-2 for seed yield, respectively. All these crosses also gave high seed yield indicating that these crosses could be used in the breeding program.展开更多
' Ji2055A' is a superior sterile line sorghum bred by Institute of Crop Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It has a growing season of 112 days and a plant height of 70 cm. With a stable sterility rat...' Ji2055A' is a superior sterile line sorghum bred by Institute of Crop Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It has a growing season of 112 days and a plant height of 70 cm. With a stable sterility rate of 100%, ' Ji2055A' has a stable male sterility and highly viable stignms. Selfing won't lead to seeds, This sterile line is strongly resistant to drought and lodging in addition to resistance to leaf spot and head smut. Generally, it has a yield of 3 000 -4 000 kg/hm2 and the hybrid seed yield is between 4 000 - 5 000 kg/hm2, with a high combining ability. There are six varieties approved by the state and the province, as well as another eight new combines under regional testing. The obtained hybrids are strongly resistant, widely adaptable with a great potential to increase yield, ' Ji2055A' has promoted the breeding and production of spring early maturing sorghum in China.展开更多
Guangxi common wild rice variety brown planthopper highly resistant introgression line HS204 was taken as antigen donor material,hybridization,backcrossing,and molecular marker-assisted selection methods were adopted,...Guangxi common wild rice variety brown planthopper highly resistant introgression line HS204 was taken as antigen donor material,hybridization,backcrossing,and molecular marker-assisted selection methods were adopted,to select maintainer line and sterile line materials,so as to provide excellent material foundation for resistance breeding of hybrid rice. Through the marker-assisted selection,it obtained 4 pieces of homozygous resistance gene maintainer line intermediate materials( 100B,101B,102B and 103B),and 2 pieces of resistant sterile line materials( 100A and 103A). All 10 combinations that have testcross with highly resistant sterile 100A showed higher level of brown planthopper resistance: 100A/R2586,100A/KR838,and 100A/KR527 had high resistance level,the others had low to intermediate resistance;100A/KR527,100A/R2586,100A/Minghui 63,100A/Fuhui 838 and 100A/Gui 99 combinations had yield per plant significantly higher than the control group( Teyou 7118),increasing by 14. 45%-49. 26%. The obtained resistant lines are expected to provide a better gene source for the breeding of resistant sterile lines of hybrid rice and the obtained resistant sterile lines can be directly used in the selection of three-line hybrid rice.展开更多
The pollen abortion of Maxie A and Zhengshan97 A belong to stainless type with Ksolu-tion.The maiority of Maxie A abortive Pollenstook cireular shape and few was staining abortion
A male sterile line with wide Compatibility,064A was successfully bred in CNRRI which not only has good compatibility with japonica and indica rice but also has stable and high sterility and good flowering habit. High...A male sterile line with wide Compatibility,064A was successfully bred in CNRRI which not only has good compatibility with japonica and indica rice but also has stable and high sterility and good flowering habit. High yield had been obtained when 064A was crossed with an indica restore line, Minhui 63 or a japonica restore line, 9512. This new male sterile line is anticipated as a very promising material for developing super—high yielding rice.展开更多
For the first time, the fertility of rice genic male sterile line was partially restored with the application of chemical regulators at Hainan Rice Breeding Nursery on Mar 1993. A single panicle of the rice plant coul...For the first time, the fertility of rice genic male sterile line was partially restored with the application of chemical regulators at Hainan Rice Breeding Nursery on Mar 1993. A single panicle of the rice plant could bear as many as 27 grains. The chemical agent that could modulate the growth of the rice plants of genic male sterile line was developed by Prof ZHOU Guangqia and his colleagues at the Biology Institute, Hunan Teachers University, China.展开更多
The broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi-1, from donor line BL122, was introduced into a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line GD-8S, which possessed good grain quality but high susceptibility to rice blast...The broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi-1, from donor line BL122, was introduced into a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line GD-8S, which possessed good grain quality but high susceptibility to rice blast, by using backcross breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection. Five elite improved male sterile lines, RGD8S-1, RGD8S-2, RGD8S-3, RGD8S-4 and RGD8S-5, were selected based on the results of molecular marker analysis, spikelet sterility, recovery rate of genetic background and agronomic traits. Thirty-three representative blast isolates collected from Guangdong Province, China were used to inoculate the improved lines and the original line GD-8S artificially. The resistance frequencies of the improved lines ranged from 76.47% to 100%, much higher than that of the original line GD-8S (9.09%). On the agronomic characters, there were no significant differences between the improved lines and GD-8S except for flag leaf length and panicle number per plant. The improved lines could be used for breeding hybrid rice with high blast resistance.展开更多
The main problems about research and application of two-line hybrid rice were reviewed, including the confusing nomenclature and male sterile lines classification, the unclear characteristics of photoperiod and temper...The main problems about research and application of two-line hybrid rice were reviewed, including the confusing nomenclature and male sterile lines classification, the unclear characteristics of photoperiod and temperature responses and the unsuitable site selection for male sterile line and hybrid dce seed production. In order to efficiently and accurately use dual-purpose genic male sterile lines, four types, including PTGMS (photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice), TGMS (thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice), reverse PTGMS and reverse TGMS, were proposed. A new idea for explaining the mechanism of sterility in dual-purpose hybrid rice was proposed. The transition from sterile to fertile was involved in the cooperative regulation of major-effect sterile genes and photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive ones. The minor-effect genes with accumulative effect on sterility were important factors that affected the critical temperature of sterility transfer. In order to make better use of dual-purpose lines, the characterization of responses to photoperiod and temperature of PTGMS should be made and the identification method for the characterization of photoperiod and temperature responses of PTGMS should also be put forward. The optimal ecological site for seed production could be determined according to the historical climate data and the requirements for the meteorological conditions during the different periods of seed production.展开更多
One sequence tagged site marker Subl-1 and twice submergence stress method were used in selection of submergence tolerant homozygous line from Sub-lBS, a submergence tolerant, bentazon sensitive and photoperiod-sensit...One sequence tagged site marker Subl-1 and twice submergence stress method were used in selection of submergence tolerant homozygous line from Sub-lBS, a submergence tolerant, bentazon sensitive and photoperiod-sensitive and/or thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line that developed by our laboratory. The results revealed that the original Sub-lBS was heterozygous in SublA-1 locus even though it was identical in almost all of agronomical traits and the segregation of SublA-1 was in accordance with Mendelian law based on chi-square test. And then the original Sub-IBS was divided into two groups: one was ofSublA-1 introgression and the other was not; and the two groups were tested by twice submergence stress method. After the first submergence stress that lasted for 12 d, the average plant heights were significant difference at the 1% level between the two groups. After recovery for 10 d, the second submergence stress sustained for 18 d was carried on; and the group with SublA-1 gene was found apparently tolerant than the other group in submergence tolerance.展开更多
Huahui 1 is an elite transgenic male sterile restorer line of wild rice abortive-type that expresses a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) δ-endotoxin and provides effective and economic control oflepidopteran insects. To ...Huahui 1 is an elite transgenic male sterile restorer line of wild rice abortive-type that expresses a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) δ-endotoxin and provides effective and economic control oflepidopteran insects. To exploit Huahui 1 to develop a new Bt rice, the insertion site of the Bt gene was determined by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR). Bt was located in the promoter region ofLOC. Os10g10360, approximately 5.35 Mb from the telomere of the short arm of chromosome 10. For the first time, a Bt cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) system was developed by introgressing Bt from Huahui 1. The recipient CMS system used consisted of Indonesia paddy rice-type II-32B (maintainer line) and II-32A (male sterile line). Marker-assisted selection was used to increase selection efficiency in the backcrossing program. In BC5F1, the Bt plant 85015-8 was selected for further analyses, as it had the highest SSR marker homozygosity. In addition, the linkage drag of the foreign Bt gene in 85015-8 was minimized to 8.01-11.46 Mb. The foreign Bt gene was then delivered from 85015-8 into II-32A. The resultant Bt II-32A and Bt II-32B lines were both resistant to lepidopteran in field trials, and agronomic traits were not disturbed. The maintainability of II-32B, and the male sterility and general combining ability of II-32A, were not affected by the Bt introgression. This study demonstrates a simple and fast approach to develop Bt hybrid rice.展开更多
Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the fact...Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the factors affecting outcrossed seed-setting were analyzed. The PTGMS had obstacles in outcrossed seed setting influenced by inheritance and environment at varying degrees. Environmental temperature was regarded as the main factor that resulted in the outcrossed seed-setting obstacles. The sensitive stage was at the early stage of grain filling for outcrossed seed setting. There existed remarkable differences at the sensitivity stage, the duration of sensitive period, the sensitive level and the effective level of outcrossed seed-setting obstacles caused by environmental temperature among different PTGMS lines. Therefore, attention should be paid to outcrossed seed-setting obstacles in selection and utilization of PTGMS lines.展开更多
The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive ge...The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS)lines as female parent.Despite huge successes,both systems have intrinsic problems.CMS systems are mainly restricted by the narrow restorer resources that make it difficult to breed superior hybrids,while PTGMS systems are limited by conditional sterility of the male sterile lines that makes the propagation of both PTGMS seeds and hybrid seeds vulnerable to unpredictable climate changes.Recessive nuclear male sterile(NMS)lines insensitive to environmental conditions are widely distributed and are ideal for hybrid rice breeding and production,but the lack of effective ways to propagate the pure NMS lines in a large scale renders it impossible to use them for hybrid rice production.The development of"the third-generation hybrid rice technology"enables efficient propagation of the pure NMS lines in commercial scale.This paper discusses the establishment of"the thirdgeneration hybrid rice technology"and further innovations.This new technology breaks the limitations of CMS and PTGMS systems and will bring a big leap forward in hybrid rice production.展开更多
文摘Male sterile NEA plants were identified in progenies of the radiated 92P x Aggregate-silique in Brassica napus L. in 1993. Their progeny plants from test crossing and open pollination were 100% male sterile. The double-low male sterile lines JL-4 and JL-18 were bred through successive backcrossing of the double -low variety No.4 and No. 18 in Brassica napus L.to NEA. Restorer lines 6720 and 6722 with significant heterosis in F1 were developed. The results from investigating the restoring-ntaintaining relationship and inheritance of the restorer gene indicated that JL-4 and JL-18 were different from both PolCMS and Shan 2A type, and their restorer gene was controlled by a pair of dominant genie genes.
基金financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2010AA101301)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(Grant No.B08025)+1 种基金the '948' Program of Ministry of Agriculture,China(Grant No.2006-G8[4]-31-1)the Key Project of Scientific Base Qualification Platform of Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.505005)
文摘The DNAfragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) primer OPAl2 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B, and were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences and lengths of the fragments from Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B showed no difference. The precise length of the fragment was 1 588 bp. Sequence characterized amplification region (SCAR) primers were then developed to discriminate the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and their maintainer lines. A specific 1 588 bp fragment could be amplified with SCAR primers, CHI19F2/CHI19R2 and CHI20F3/CHI23R3, in the mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A, but not Zhenshan 97B. Furthermore, the specific fragment could be also amplified from the total DNA from green leaf tissues of Zhenshan 97A with SCAR primers, but not Zhenshan 97B. With the corresponding primers, the specific fragment could also be amplified from the total DNA of green leaves of other two CMS lines with wild abortive type cytoplasm (CMS-WA), namely Zhenpin A and Tianfeng A, but not in their maintainer lines. Moreover, using total DNA as template, each of the four pairs of SCAR primers could also be used to amplify the 1 588 bp fragment in CMS-ID (Indonesia paddy type) line 11-32A but not in 11-32B, and the specific fragment was amplified from the DNA of both F1 and F2 seedlings of Shanyou 63. The results of detecting the genetic purity of a man-made mixture of the seeds of Zhenshan 97A using CHI20F3/CHI23R3 were completely consistent with the phenotypes. Taken together, these results indicated that the specific 1 588 bp-fragment amplified by CHI20F3/CHI23R3 was the unique amplification products of CMS mitochondrial DNA, and could be used to distinguish CMS-WA and CMS-ID lines from their corresponding maintainer lines at the seedling stage.
文摘An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm diameter.TS-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines (TNAU18S and TNAU60S) had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 (36 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21044 (13 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21009 (26.5 g/plant), TNAU60S/CB-09-106 (26.2 g/plant), TNAU60S/IET21009 (14 g/plant) and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 (39.2 g/plant) showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 032244) the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Education Department (Grant No. Z03004).
文摘Four sets of rice isonuclear-alloplasmic lines including 16 male sterile lines and their maintainer lines were analyzed by using 91 pairs of SSR primers to study the genetic diversity of nuclear genome and their relative relationships. A total of 169 alleles were detected in the 16 lines, with a frequency of polymorphic loci of 53.85% and an average number of alleles per locus of 1.8, and the average gene diversity was 0.228. Four sets of the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines shared 146 identical alleles, corresponding to 86.39% of the total alleles; meanwhile, there are 23 different alleles among the tested materials, being 13.61% of the total alleles. On average, 78.70% identical alleles and 21.30% different alleles of the total alleles were detected between the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines and their maintainer lines. There were 53.85% identical alleles and 46.15% different alleles of the total alleles among the homozygous allonucleus male sterile lines. The fingerprints were established for some male sterile lines and maintainer lines. All the materials tested were divided into three groups at the 0.2 genetic distance based on the cluster analysis. Eight lines of Huanong A and Huayu A (including Huanong B and Huayu B) were in the first group, four lines of Kezhen A (including Kezhen B) in the second group, and four lines of Zhenshan 97A (including Zhenshan 97B) in the third group. For the isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines, the similarity coefficient between Y (Yegong) type and WA (wild abortive) type or between CW (Raoping wild rice) and WA type reached 87-98%.
文摘Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understand the genetic basis of dominant earliness, the genotype of photoperiod-sensitive genes in Kefeng A was analyzed using a complete set of heading time near isogenic lines (NILs) EGO to EG7, ER, LR, T65, T65E^b, T65E^bm, T65m, NIL(Hd1) and NIL(Hd4). Results indicated that Kefeng A contained two dominant photoperiod-sensitive alleles E1 and Se-1^U on E1 and Se-1 loci, respectively, and the genotype of photoperiod-sensitivity genes for heading time in Kefeng A was E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1^USe-1UEf-1Ef-1. Based on the detected heading time genotype, in combination with the heading time of Kefeng A and the early maturing phenomenon in its derived F1 hybrids, it is speculated that Kefeng A might carry a dominant inhibitor gene Su-E7 for the dominant photoperiod- sensitive gene E1, and a recessive inhibitor gene i-Se-1 for another dominant photoperiod-sensitive gene Se-1. The reason why F1 hybrids from Kefeng A exhibited early maturing was hereby analyzed and the breeding value of dominant earliness related genes in Kefeng A was discussed.
文摘The seed samples of Yuetai A, a Honglian (HL) type cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line in hybrid rice were investigated to assess the seed purity and to analyze the cause of off-type plants by imitating the biological contaminant to Yuetai A in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Lingshui, Hainan Province during 2004-2006. The seed impurity of Yuetai A mainly resulted from the genetic drift of restoring fertility gene (Rt) after biological contamination but not from its sterility unstability. All of the ten maintainer lines, five restorer lines and three thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines used in the study could pollinate Yuetai A and Yuetai B to produce F1 plants, directly or indirectly resulting in Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A and generating 'iso-cytoplasm restoring-generations'. Furthermore, high outcrossing rate and similar heading date of Yuetai A with many varieties used in rice production might easily result in the biological contamination. After removing all plants with Rf-gene mixed in Yuetai A and preventing Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A, the seed purity of Yuetai A and Yuetai B had been raised to 100%.
文摘The major male sterile genes in a new photo/thermo-sensitive genie male sterile (PTGMS) line B06S of rice were analyzed by the manipulation of mixture distribution theory. The results indicated that a pair of major male sterile nuclear genes with large effects were responsible for controlling the male sterility of B06S.
基金Supportd by the 11th Five-year Plan of Rapeseed Program in Guizhou Province [N2 No. (2005) 3006-02-03]
文摘The male sterile line is very important in the hybrid breeding program of rapeseed. This study was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of many characters of male sterile lines in Brassica napus L. Ten recessive genetic male sterile (RGMS) lines were used as parents to produce 45 single cross hybrids by using a half diallel cross method. These 45 crosses and their 10 parents were evaluated at Guiyang during 2007-2008. The results showed that both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combiing ability (SCA) effects were important for all characters, but additive gene effects were more predominant than non-additive gene effects. Qianyou 8AB and You 2894AB gave respective highly significant GCA effects of 230.94 and 127.65 kg-hm-2 for seed yield. Lines You 2894AB, QH303-4AB, You 157AB and You 2341AB gave highly significant GCA effects for oil content of 0.99, 1.62, 1.20 and 1.53%, respectively. The crosses among lines Qianyou 3AxQianyou 8B, Qianyou 8AxYou 2894B, You 2894AxQianyou 6B, Qianyou 8AxQH303-4B and Qianyou 8Ax Qianyou 6B gave high SCA effects of 616.29, 398.71,356.48, 394.24 and 303.79 kg hm-2 for seed yield, respectively. All these crosses also gave high seed yield indicating that these crosses could be used in the breeding program.
基金Supported by Special Fund for the Industrial Technology System Construction of Modern Agriculture(CARS-06-01-03)
文摘' Ji2055A' is a superior sterile line sorghum bred by Institute of Crop Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It has a growing season of 112 days and a plant height of 70 cm. With a stable sterility rate of 100%, ' Ji2055A' has a stable male sterility and highly viable stignms. Selfing won't lead to seeds, This sterile line is strongly resistant to drought and lodging in addition to resistance to leaf spot and head smut. Generally, it has a yield of 3 000 -4 000 kg/hm2 and the hybrid seed yield is between 4 000 - 5 000 kg/hm2, with a high combining ability. There are six varieties approved by the state and the province, as well as another eight new combines under regional testing. The obtained hybrids are strongly resistant, widely adaptable with a great potential to increase yield, ' Ji2055A' has promoted the breeding and production of spring early maturing sorghum in China.
基金Supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation(31560385)Natural Science Foundation Project of Guangxi(2014GXNSFBA118066 and2015GXNSFAA139060)+1 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangxi(Gui Ke AB16380138)Scientific Development Fund Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2015JM06,2017JM70)
文摘Guangxi common wild rice variety brown planthopper highly resistant introgression line HS204 was taken as antigen donor material,hybridization,backcrossing,and molecular marker-assisted selection methods were adopted,to select maintainer line and sterile line materials,so as to provide excellent material foundation for resistance breeding of hybrid rice. Through the marker-assisted selection,it obtained 4 pieces of homozygous resistance gene maintainer line intermediate materials( 100B,101B,102B and 103B),and 2 pieces of resistant sterile line materials( 100A and 103A). All 10 combinations that have testcross with highly resistant sterile 100A showed higher level of brown planthopper resistance: 100A/R2586,100A/KR838,and 100A/KR527 had high resistance level,the others had low to intermediate resistance;100A/KR527,100A/R2586,100A/Minghui 63,100A/Fuhui 838 and 100A/Gui 99 combinations had yield per plant significantly higher than the control group( Teyou 7118),increasing by 14. 45%-49. 26%. The obtained resistant lines are expected to provide a better gene source for the breeding of resistant sterile lines of hybrid rice and the obtained resistant sterile lines can be directly used in the selection of three-line hybrid rice.
文摘The pollen abortion of Maxie A and Zhengshan97 A belong to stainless type with Ksolu-tion.The maiority of Maxie A abortive Pollenstook cireular shape and few was staining abortion
文摘A male sterile line with wide Compatibility,064A was successfully bred in CNRRI which not only has good compatibility with japonica and indica rice but also has stable and high sterility and good flowering habit. High yield had been obtained when 064A was crossed with an indica restore line, Minhui 63 or a japonica restore line, 9512. This new male sterile line is anticipated as a very promising material for developing super—high yielding rice.
文摘For the first time, the fertility of rice genic male sterile line was partially restored with the application of chemical regulators at Hainan Rice Breeding Nursery on Mar 1993. A single panicle of the rice plant could bear as many as 27 grains. The chemical agent that could modulate the growth of the rice plants of genic male sterile line was developed by Prof ZHOU Guangqia and his colleagues at the Biology Institute, Hunan Teachers University, China.
基金supported by the grants from the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2001AA241011 and No. 2003AA212052)the Major Sci-Tech Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2003A2010101 and No. 2006A2020201)the Agricultural Scientific Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2005B20101006)
文摘The broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi-1, from donor line BL122, was introduced into a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line GD-8S, which possessed good grain quality but high susceptibility to rice blast, by using backcross breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection. Five elite improved male sterile lines, RGD8S-1, RGD8S-2, RGD8S-3, RGD8S-4 and RGD8S-5, were selected based on the results of molecular marker analysis, spikelet sterility, recovery rate of genetic background and agronomic traits. Thirty-three representative blast isolates collected from Guangdong Province, China were used to inoculate the improved lines and the original line GD-8S artificially. The resistance frequencies of the improved lines ranged from 76.47% to 100%, much higher than that of the original line GD-8S (9.09%). On the agronomic characters, there were no significant differences between the improved lines and GD-8S except for flag leaf length and panicle number per plant. The improved lines could be used for breeding hybrid rice with high blast resistance.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of (Grant No.2010AA101304)the Transformation Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements (Grant No.2007GB2D200226)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No. 10JJ4012)
文摘The main problems about research and application of two-line hybrid rice were reviewed, including the confusing nomenclature and male sterile lines classification, the unclear characteristics of photoperiod and temperature responses and the unsuitable site selection for male sterile line and hybrid dce seed production. In order to efficiently and accurately use dual-purpose genic male sterile lines, four types, including PTGMS (photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice), TGMS (thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice), reverse PTGMS and reverse TGMS, were proposed. A new idea for explaining the mechanism of sterility in dual-purpose hybrid rice was proposed. The transition from sterile to fertile was involved in the cooperative regulation of major-effect sterile genes and photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive ones. The minor-effect genes with accumulative effect on sterility were important factors that affected the critical temperature of sterility transfer. In order to make better use of dual-purpose lines, the characterization of responses to photoperiod and temperature of PTGMS should be made and the identification method for the characterization of photoperiod and temperature responses of PTGMS should also be put forward. The optimal ecological site for seed production could be determined according to the historical climate data and the requirements for the meteorological conditions during the different periods of seed production.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-EW-N-01)
文摘One sequence tagged site marker Subl-1 and twice submergence stress method were used in selection of submergence tolerant homozygous line from Sub-lBS, a submergence tolerant, bentazon sensitive and photoperiod-sensitive and/or thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line that developed by our laboratory. The results revealed that the original Sub-lBS was heterozygous in SublA-1 locus even though it was identical in almost all of agronomical traits and the segregation of SublA-1 was in accordance with Mendelian law based on chi-square test. And then the original Sub-IBS was divided into two groups: one was ofSublA-1 introgression and the other was not; and the two groups were tested by twice submergence stress method. After the first submergence stress that lasted for 12 d, the average plant heights were significant difference at the 1% level between the two groups. After recovery for 10 d, the second submergence stress sustained for 18 d was carried on; and the group with SublA-1 gene was found apparently tolerant than the other group in submergence tolerance.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2006AA10Z159)
文摘Huahui 1 is an elite transgenic male sterile restorer line of wild rice abortive-type that expresses a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) δ-endotoxin and provides effective and economic control oflepidopteran insects. To exploit Huahui 1 to develop a new Bt rice, the insertion site of the Bt gene was determined by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR). Bt was located in the promoter region ofLOC. Os10g10360, approximately 5.35 Mb from the telomere of the short arm of chromosome 10. For the first time, a Bt cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) system was developed by introgressing Bt from Huahui 1. The recipient CMS system used consisted of Indonesia paddy rice-type II-32B (maintainer line) and II-32A (male sterile line). Marker-assisted selection was used to increase selection efficiency in the backcrossing program. In BC5F1, the Bt plant 85015-8 was selected for further analyses, as it had the highest SSR marker homozygosity. In addition, the linkage drag of the foreign Bt gene in 85015-8 was minimized to 8.01-11.46 Mb. The foreign Bt gene was then delivered from 85015-8 into II-32A. The resultant Bt II-32A and Bt II-32B lines were both resistant to lepidopteran in field trials, and agronomic traits were not disturbed. The maintainability of II-32B, and the male sterility and general combining ability of II-32A, were not affected by the Bt introgression. This study demonstrates a simple and fast approach to develop Bt hybrid rice.
文摘Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the factors affecting outcrossed seed-setting were analyzed. The PTGMS had obstacles in outcrossed seed setting influenced by inheritance and environment at varying degrees. Environmental temperature was regarded as the main factor that resulted in the outcrossed seed-setting obstacles. The sensitive stage was at the early stage of grain filling for outcrossed seed setting. There existed remarkable differences at the sensitivity stage, the duration of sensitive period, the sensitive level and the effective level of outcrossed seed-setting obstacles caused by environmental temperature among different PTGMS lines. Therefore, attention should be paid to outcrossed seed-setting obstacles in selection and utilization of PTGMS lines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1901203)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018B030308008 and 2019A1515110671)+2 种基金Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Research(2019B030302006)Shenzhen Commission on Innovation and Technology Programs(JCYJ20180507181837997)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662957)。
文摘The breeding and large-scale application of hybrid rice contribute significantly to the food supply worldwide.Currently,hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS)lines as female parent.Despite huge successes,both systems have intrinsic problems.CMS systems are mainly restricted by the narrow restorer resources that make it difficult to breed superior hybrids,while PTGMS systems are limited by conditional sterility of the male sterile lines that makes the propagation of both PTGMS seeds and hybrid seeds vulnerable to unpredictable climate changes.Recessive nuclear male sterile(NMS)lines insensitive to environmental conditions are widely distributed and are ideal for hybrid rice breeding and production,but the lack of effective ways to propagate the pure NMS lines in a large scale renders it impossible to use them for hybrid rice production.The development of"the third-generation hybrid rice technology"enables efficient propagation of the pure NMS lines in commercial scale.This paper discusses the establishment of"the thirdgeneration hybrid rice technology"and further innovations.This new technology breaks the limitations of CMS and PTGMS systems and will bring a big leap forward in hybrid rice production.