Steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria monatha

Two new Steroidal alkaloids, named pengbeisine A and pengbeisine B, were isolated from the fresh bulbs of Fritillaria monatha Migo. along with a known alkaloid. The structures were characterized as 22,26-imino-17, 23-oxido-5α-jerv-6-oxo-2α,3β-diol and 22, 26-imino-17, 23-oxido-5α-jerv-6-oxo-2β,3α-diol on the basis of spectroscopic methods.

STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS FROM SARCOCOCCA VAGANS

A new steroidal alkaloid, vaganine A (1) was isolated together with a known compound paohysandrine A (2) from Sarcooocca vagans. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic evidence.

SIECHUANSINE,A NEW STEROIDAL ALKALOID FROM FRITILLARIA

From the bulbs of Fritillaria siechuanica S.C.Chen cultivated in Sichuan province,a new steroidal alkaloid,siechuansine,was isolated.Spectral methods demonstrated that it is a 13—epimer of wanpeinine A.

Steroidal alkaloids ameliorate cell proliferation,oxidative stress,inflammation and histology outcome in vitro and in vivo

Objective: To investigate the effects of steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D isolated from Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna on cell-proliferation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in TNF-a-induced human RA-FLS MH7 A in vitro, and against complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced arthritis rats in vivo. Methods: CCK-8 assay was utilized to evaluate the anti-proliferation activity in vitro. In in-vivo study, rats were randomly divided into control group, model group(CFA), steroidal alkaloids(STA) groups(5.0, 2.5 and 1.25 g/kg BW),and sarcovagine D(SD) groups(50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW), 10 rats for each group. To evaluate the anti-inflammation effect, the histology, biochemical parameters and expression of inflammatory cytokines were detected. Results: Steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D showed strong anti-proliferative activity during MH7 A cell culture proliferation and downregulated NO levels, and inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE_2) in vitro. The rats treated with CFA induced ankle inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration, upregulated IL-1β, TNF-α,IL-6, PGE_2, MDA and NO levels, and downregulated IL-10 and SOD. On the contrary,steroidal alkaloids ameliorated all the changes induced by CFA in rats, suggesting the antiinflammatory effect of steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D. Conclusions: The results suggest that Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna has anti-inflammatory effect. Steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D has the potential to cure RA.

Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids

Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule.They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities,and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs,such as abiraterone acetate(Zytiga®),a blockbuster drug,which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer.Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities,which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities.This review comprehensively covers the structural classification,isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021,with 363 references being cited.

TWO NEW STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS,DONGBEININE AND DONGBEIRINE,FROM FRITILLARIA THUNBERGII MIO.VAR.CHEKIANGENSIS

Two new D/E trans-5(?)-cevanine alkaloids,Dongbernine and Dongbeirine,have been isolated from Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.var.chekiangensis together with six known compounds,peimine,peiminine,isoverticine,verticindiol,B—sitosterol daucoterol.

Derivative Synthesis of Wanpeinine A,a Major Steroidal Alkaloid from Fritillaria shuchengensis

Objective To design and synthesize derivatives of wanpeinine A,the main steroidal alkaloid isolated from the plant Fritillaria shuchengensis,and further study on the structure-activity relationship of the steroidal alkaloid.Methods Acylation and alkylation were used to synthesize the derivatives and their structures were identified via NMR and MS.Results The acylation of wanpeinine A(1) produced 3β,6α-diacetylwanpeinine A(2),3β,6α-dipropionyl-wanpeinine A(3),3β,6α-dichloracetylwanpeinine A(4),3β,6α-dibenzoylwanpeinine A(5),and 3β-methoxy-acylwanpeinine A(6).The alkylation of wanpeinine A formed 3β,6α-dimethoxymethylwanpeinine A(7).Conclusion All compounds are new except for 3β,6α-diacetylwanpeinine A.

Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Solanum lyratum:a review

Solanum lyratum is one of the temperate plants,broadly distributed in Korea,China,Japan,India,and South-East Asia and well-documented in those oriental ethnic medicine systems for curing cancers,jaundice,edema,gonorrhea,cholecystitis,phlogosis,rheumatoid arthritis,etc.This review systematically summarized the research progress on S.lyratum respecting the botany,traditional uses,phytochemistry,pharmacology,and toxicology to increase people’s in-depth understanding of this plant,by data retrieval in a series of online or off-line electronic databases as far as we can reach.Steroidal saponins and alkaloids,terpenoids,nitrogenous compounds,and flavonoid compounds are the main chemical constituents in S.lyratum.Among them,steroidal alkaloids and saponins are the major active ingredi-ents ever found in S.lyratum,exerting activities of anti-cancer,anti-inflammation,anti-microbial,anti-allergy,and anti-oxidation in vivo or in vitro.As a result,S.lyratum has been frequently prescribed for the abovementioned therapeutic purposes,and there are substantial traditional and modern shreds of evidence of its use.

The Genus Solanum:An Ethnopharmacological,Phytochemical and Biological Properties Review

Over the past 30 years,the genus Solanum has received considerable attention in chemical and biological studies.Solanum is the largest genus in the family Solanaceae,comprising of about 2000 species distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa,Australia,and parts of Asia,e.g.,China,India and Japan.Many of them are economically signifcant species.Previous phytochemical investigations on Solanum species led to the identifcation of steroidal saponins,steroidal alkaloids,terpenes,favonoids,lignans,sterols,phenolic comopunds,coumarins,amongst other compounds.Many species belonging to this genus present huge range of pharmacological activities such as cytotoxicity to diferent tumors as breast cancer(4T1 and EMT),colorectal cancer(HCT116,HT29,and SW480),and prostate cancer(DU145)cell lines.The biological activities have been attributed to a number of steroidal saponins,steroidal alkaloids and phenols.This review features 65 phytochemically studied species of Solanum between 1990 and 2018,fetched from SciFinder,Pubmed,ScienceDirect,Wikipedia and Baidu,using“Solanum”and the species’names as search terms(“all felds”).

Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of green microalgae from Vellar Estuary,southeast coast of India

Objective:To determine the phytochemicals and screen the antimicrobial potential of Desmococcus olivaceus(D.olivaceus)and Chlorella vulgaris(C.vulgaris)against human bacterial pathogens.Methods:D.olivaceus and C.vulgaris were collected and confirmed through morphological structures.Phytochemicals were analyzed and confirmed by chemical methods.Thin layer chromatography was performed to evaluate the bioactive compounds present in the solvent extracts.Antimicrobial activity of the extract obtained from dried green microalgae was tested against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria using agar disc diffusion method.The Gram negative bacteria like Klebsiella pneumonia,Proteus mirabilis,Vibrio cholerae,Salmonella typhi,Escherichia coli and Gram positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Enterococcus sp.,Clostridium botulinum(C.botulinum)and Nocardia sp.were selected for analysis.The cultures were obtained from Microbial Culture Maintenances Laboratory,Department of Medical Microbiology,Rajah Muthaiah Medical College,Annamalai University,Tamil Nadu,India.Results:Seven bioactive compounds were detected viz.,phenols,tannin,flavanoids,saponins,terpenes,carbohydrates,alkaloids and steroids.In Gram negative bacteria,Proteus mirabilis treated with ethanol extract of D.olivaceus showed the maximum inhibition zone(17.2 mm),whereas in Gram positive bacteria,C.botulinum treated with diethyl ether extract showed inhibition zone of 19.0 mm.In test for C.vulgaris,Gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhi treated with ethanol extract showed the maximum inhibition zone(13.0 mm),whereas in Gram positive bacteria,C.botulinum treated with chloroform extract of C.vulgaris showed the maximum inhibition zone of 15 mm.Conclusions:The results clearly indicated that D.olivaceus and C.vulgaris contain promising antibacterial compounds.