目的探讨健脾疏肝丸对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)大鼠肝X受体(liver X receptorα,LXRα)-固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1(sterolregulatory element-binding protein-1,SREBP-1)-脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid s...目的探讨健脾疏肝丸对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)大鼠肝X受体(liver X receptorα,LXRα)-固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1(sterolregulatory element-binding protein-1,SREBP-1)-脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)信号转导通路的影响。方法将32只无特定病原体(specific pathogen free,SPF)SD雄性大鼠按照随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组,每组8只。正常组进食普通饲料,其他组进食高脂饲料,健脾疏肝丸组给予4.86 g/(kg·d)灌胃,易善复组给予0.123 g/(kg·d)灌胃,正常组和模型组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃。灌胃与造模同时进行,共8周。检测大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)及白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平。对大鼠肝组织切片进行HE染色和油红O染色,于光学显微镜下观察。采用免疫组织化学法、蛋白质免疫印迹法及实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)检测大鼠LXRα、SREBP-1及FAS的表达水平。结果 (1)正常组、模型组、健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组大鼠ALT[(3.40±0.81)U/L vs(9.98±2.27)U/L vs(7.80±1.52)U/L vs(6.43±1.89)U/L]、AST [(10.61±1.17)U/L vs(23.63±4.82)U/L vs(18.04±2.98)U/L vs(16.42±3.30)U/L]、TNF-α[(2.40±0.96)×10-3μg/L vs(6.64±0.92)×10-3μg/L vs(4.87±1.35)×10-3μg/L vs(4.45±1.39)×10-3μg/L]、IL-6 [(0.95±0.81)pg/ml vs(7.88±3.08)pg/ml vs(3.17±1.26)pg/ml vs(1.64±0.55)pg/ml]、TG [(0.33±0.13)mmol/L vs(0.90±0.24)mmol/L vs(0.62±0.37)mmol/L vs 0.62(0.46,0.66)mmol/L]、TC [(2.10±0.42)mmol/L vs 5.34(5.17,6.12)mmol/Lvs(3.68±0.63)mmol/Lvs(3.41±0.81)mmol/L]、HDL-C [(1.07±0.17)mmol/Lvs(0.62±0.14)mmol/Lvs(0.78±0.13)mmol/Lvs(0.79±0.12)mmol/L]及LDL-C[0.38(0.26,0.41)mmol/L vs(0.69±0.11)mmol/L vs(0.41±0.13)mmol/L vs(0.43±0.10)mmol/L]水平差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组AST、ALT、LDL-C、TG、TC、IL-6及TNF-α显著升高,HDL-C显著降低(P <0.05);与模型组相比,健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组AST、ALT、LDL-C、TG、TC、IL-6、TNF-α显著降低,HDL-C显著升高(P<0.05);与健脾疏肝丸组相比,易善复组大鼠血清TC显著降低(P <0.05),其他各指标差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。(2)肝组织HE染色和油红O染色示:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠肝脏脂肪变严重;与模型组相比,健脾疏肝丸组大鼠肝脏脂肪变减轻。(3)免疫组织化学结果表明,正常组、模型组、健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组大鼠LXRα(345872±52737 vs 544998±55506 vs 436319±65076 vs 448588±104641)、SREBP-1(259408±71143 vs 538701±62336vs 399705±102395 vs 394167±158047)和FAS(201683±48205 vs 466884±74934 vs 425589±63672 vs417852±84373)相对表达水平差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组各蛋白相对表达水平均显著升高(P <0.05);与模型组相比,健脾疏肝丸组与易善复组各蛋白相对表达水平显著下降(P <0.05);健脾疏肝丸组与易善复组各蛋白相对表达水平差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。(4)Western blot结果表明,正常组、模型组、健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组大鼠LXRα[0.80±0.29 vs 1.57(1.30,1.67) vs 1.09±0.30 vs 1.10±0.36]、SREBP-1(0.42±0.12 vs 1.15±0.45 vs 0.86±0.20 vs 0.84±0.20)和FAS(0.43±0.12 vs 1.10±0.40 vs 0.81±0.26 vs 0.80±0.28)相对表达水平差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。与正常组对比,模型组小鼠各蛋白相对表达水平显著升高(P <0.05);与模型组对比,健脾疏肝丸组及易善复组小鼠LXRα蛋白相对表达水平显著降低(P <0.05),健脾疏肝丸组与易善复组相比,各蛋白相对表达水平差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。(5)正常组、模型组、健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组大鼠肝组织LXRα[1.13±0.38 vs 4.14(4.01,4.35) vs 2.65±1.85 vs 1.35(0.54,4.23)]、SREBP-1、FAS[1.37±0.49 vs 4.35±1.97 vs 1.98(1.88,3.22)m RNA相对表达量差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组LXRα[1.46±0.51 vs 6.13±1.17 vs 3.82±2.06 vs 1.56(1.19,4.74)]、SREBP-1、FAS vs1.83(1.64,4.29)] m RNA相对表达量显著升高(P <0.05);与模型组对比,健脾疏肝丸组及易善复组LXRα、SREBP-1、FAS m RNA表达均显著降低(P <0.05),健脾疏肝丸组与易善复组相比,LXRα、SREBP-1、FAS m RNA表达差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论健脾疏肝丸对大鼠NAFLD的改善作用可能与其抑制LXRα-SREBP-1-FAS信号转导通路有关。展开更多
Alcohol-induced fatty liver (steatosis) was believed to result from excessive generation of reducing equivalents from ethanol metabolism, thereby enhancing fat accumulation. Recent findings have revealed a more comple...Alcohol-induced fatty liver (steatosis) was believed to result from excessive generation of reducing equivalents from ethanol metabolism, thereby enhancing fat accumulation. Recent findings have revealed a more complex picture in which ethanol oxidation is still required, but specific transcription as well as humoral factors also have important roles. Transcription factors involved include the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) which is activated to induce genes that regulate lipid biosynthesis. Conversely, ethanol consumption causes a general down-regulation of lipid (fatty acid) oxidation, a reflection of inactivation of the peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) that regulates genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. A third transcription factor is the early growth response-1 (Egr-1), which is strongly induced prior to the onset of steatosis. The activities of all these factors are governed by that of the principal regulatory enzyme, AMP kinase. Important humoral factors, including adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), also regulate alcohol-induced steatosis. Their levels are affected by alcohol consumption and by each other. This review will summarize the actions of these proteins in ethanol-elicited fatty liver. Because steatosis is now regarded as a significant risk factor for advanced liver pathology, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms in its etiology is essential for development of effective therapies.展开更多
文摘目的探讨健脾疏肝丸对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)大鼠肝X受体(liver X receptorα,LXRα)-固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1(sterolregulatory element-binding protein-1,SREBP-1)-脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)信号转导通路的影响。方法将32只无特定病原体(specific pathogen free,SPF)SD雄性大鼠按照随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组,每组8只。正常组进食普通饲料,其他组进食高脂饲料,健脾疏肝丸组给予4.86 g/(kg·d)灌胃,易善复组给予0.123 g/(kg·d)灌胃,正常组和模型组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃。灌胃与造模同时进行,共8周。检测大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)及白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平。对大鼠肝组织切片进行HE染色和油红O染色,于光学显微镜下观察。采用免疫组织化学法、蛋白质免疫印迹法及实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)检测大鼠LXRα、SREBP-1及FAS的表达水平。结果 (1)正常组、模型组、健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组大鼠ALT[(3.40±0.81)U/L vs(9.98±2.27)U/L vs(7.80±1.52)U/L vs(6.43±1.89)U/L]、AST [(10.61±1.17)U/L vs(23.63±4.82)U/L vs(18.04±2.98)U/L vs(16.42±3.30)U/L]、TNF-α[(2.40±0.96)×10-3μg/L vs(6.64±0.92)×10-3μg/L vs(4.87±1.35)×10-3μg/L vs(4.45±1.39)×10-3μg/L]、IL-6 [(0.95±0.81)pg/ml vs(7.88±3.08)pg/ml vs(3.17±1.26)pg/ml vs(1.64±0.55)pg/ml]、TG [(0.33±0.13)mmol/L vs(0.90±0.24)mmol/L vs(0.62±0.37)mmol/L vs 0.62(0.46,0.66)mmol/L]、TC [(2.10±0.42)mmol/L vs 5.34(5.17,6.12)mmol/Lvs(3.68±0.63)mmol/Lvs(3.41±0.81)mmol/L]、HDL-C [(1.07±0.17)mmol/Lvs(0.62±0.14)mmol/Lvs(0.78±0.13)mmol/Lvs(0.79±0.12)mmol/L]及LDL-C[0.38(0.26,0.41)mmol/L vs(0.69±0.11)mmol/L vs(0.41±0.13)mmol/L vs(0.43±0.10)mmol/L]水平差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组AST、ALT、LDL-C、TG、TC、IL-6及TNF-α显著升高,HDL-C显著降低(P <0.05);与模型组相比,健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组AST、ALT、LDL-C、TG、TC、IL-6、TNF-α显著降低,HDL-C显著升高(P<0.05);与健脾疏肝丸组相比,易善复组大鼠血清TC显著降低(P <0.05),其他各指标差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。(2)肝组织HE染色和油红O染色示:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠肝脏脂肪变严重;与模型组相比,健脾疏肝丸组大鼠肝脏脂肪变减轻。(3)免疫组织化学结果表明,正常组、模型组、健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组大鼠LXRα(345872±52737 vs 544998±55506 vs 436319±65076 vs 448588±104641)、SREBP-1(259408±71143 vs 538701±62336vs 399705±102395 vs 394167±158047)和FAS(201683±48205 vs 466884±74934 vs 425589±63672 vs417852±84373)相对表达水平差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组各蛋白相对表达水平均显著升高(P <0.05);与模型组相比,健脾疏肝丸组与易善复组各蛋白相对表达水平显著下降(P <0.05);健脾疏肝丸组与易善复组各蛋白相对表达水平差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。(4)Western blot结果表明,正常组、模型组、健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组大鼠LXRα[0.80±0.29 vs 1.57(1.30,1.67) vs 1.09±0.30 vs 1.10±0.36]、SREBP-1(0.42±0.12 vs 1.15±0.45 vs 0.86±0.20 vs 0.84±0.20)和FAS(0.43±0.12 vs 1.10±0.40 vs 0.81±0.26 vs 0.80±0.28)相对表达水平差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。与正常组对比,模型组小鼠各蛋白相对表达水平显著升高(P <0.05);与模型组对比,健脾疏肝丸组及易善复组小鼠LXRα蛋白相对表达水平显著降低(P <0.05),健脾疏肝丸组与易善复组相比,各蛋白相对表达水平差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。(5)正常组、模型组、健脾疏肝丸组和易善复组大鼠肝组织LXRα[1.13±0.38 vs 4.14(4.01,4.35) vs 2.65±1.85 vs 1.35(0.54,4.23)]、SREBP-1、FAS[1.37±0.49 vs 4.35±1.97 vs 1.98(1.88,3.22)m RNA相对表达量差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组LXRα[1.46±0.51 vs 6.13±1.17 vs 3.82±2.06 vs 1.56(1.19,4.74)]、SREBP-1、FAS vs1.83(1.64,4.29)] m RNA相对表达量显著升高(P <0.05);与模型组对比,健脾疏肝丸组及易善复组LXRα、SREBP-1、FAS m RNA表达均显著降低(P <0.05),健脾疏肝丸组与易善复组相比,LXRα、SREBP-1、FAS m RNA表达差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论健脾疏肝丸对大鼠NAFLD的改善作用可能与其抑制LXRα-SREBP-1-FAS信号转导通路有关。
基金Supported by New Research Grant from the University of Nebraska Medical Center, the NIAAA, and Medical Research Funds from the Department of Veterans Affairs, United States
文摘Alcohol-induced fatty liver (steatosis) was believed to result from excessive generation of reducing equivalents from ethanol metabolism, thereby enhancing fat accumulation. Recent findings have revealed a more complex picture in which ethanol oxidation is still required, but specific transcription as well as humoral factors also have important roles. Transcription factors involved include the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) which is activated to induce genes that regulate lipid biosynthesis. Conversely, ethanol consumption causes a general down-regulation of lipid (fatty acid) oxidation, a reflection of inactivation of the peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) that regulates genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. A third transcription factor is the early growth response-1 (Egr-1), which is strongly induced prior to the onset of steatosis. The activities of all these factors are governed by that of the principal regulatory enzyme, AMP kinase. Important humoral factors, including adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), also regulate alcohol-induced steatosis. Their levels are affected by alcohol consumption and by each other. This review will summarize the actions of these proteins in ethanol-elicited fatty liver. Because steatosis is now regarded as a significant risk factor for advanced liver pathology, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms in its etiology is essential for development of effective therapies.