Development and evaluation of a herbal formulation with antipathogenic activities and probiotics stimulatory effects

Searching alternative feed antibiotics is always a study hotspot in the field of animal production. In this study, the antipathogenic activities and probiotics stimulatory effects of 30 kinds of herbs were screened through Oxford cup method and Hungate roll method. 15 herbs showed significantly antibacterial activities（P〈0.05） against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Seven herbs showed greatly stimulatory promoting effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. Finally, five herbs were combined for the developed formulation with selective antibacterial properties and they were Mume Fructus（35%）, Isatidis Folium（25%）, Moslae Herba（20%）, Chrysanthemi Indici Flos（13%） and Bupleuri Radix（7%）. The herbal formulation showed significantly antibacterial abilities against four pathogens and stimulatory promoting abilities on two probiotics in vitro and the equivalent activities in broiler chickens in vivo against E. coli and L. acidophilus. The toxicity study showed it had no toxicity, which indicated that it would be a kind of preferred candidate for an alternative antibiotic in future animal production.

Stimulatory effect on the transport mediated by organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1

Drug-drug interaction(DDI)is one of causes of adverse drug events and can result in lifethreatening consequences.Organic anion-transporting polypeptide(OATP)2B1 is a major uptake transporter in the intestine and contributes to transport various clinically used therapeutic agents.The intestine has a high risk of DDI,because it has a special propensity to be exposed to a high concentration of drugs.Thus,understanding drug interaction mediated by OATP2B1 in the absorption process is important for the prevention of adverse drug events,including decrease in the therapeutic effect of co-administered drugs.Acute drug interaction occurs through the direct inhibitory effect on transporters,including OATP2B1.Moreover,some compounds such as clinically used drugs and food components have an acute stimulatory effect on transport of co-administered drugs by OATP2B1.This review summarizes the acute stimulatory effect on the transport mediated by OATP2B1 and discusses the mechanisms of the acute stimulatory effects of compounds.There are two types of acute stimulatory effects,substrate-independent and-dependent interactions on OATP2B1 function.The facilitating translocation of OATP2B1 to the plasma membrane is one of causes for the substrate-independent acute stimulatory effect.On the contrary,the substrate-dependent effect is based on the direct binding to the substrate-binding site or allosteric progesterone-binding site of OATP2B1.

Effects of Streptomyces <i>Biofertilizer</i>to Soil Fertility and Rhizosphere’s Functional Biodiversity of Agricultural Plants

In the present study, a biofertilizer on the basis of Streptomyces fumanus gn-2 was used for the treatment of wheat and soybean seeds (dose 104 spore/ml) before planting them in soil with low fertility in order to determine the effect of this biological agent on germination rate;the growth of seedlings, shoots, and the maturation phase of plants;the rhizosphere’s functional biodiversity;and the resistance of these plants to pathogens. Seeds were soaked in the suspension for a period of two or three hours. During the growing season of the crop, no additional fertilizing and spraying of a biopesticide against diseases or pests occurred. Despite the soil having low fertility, low quantities of organic matter, and not having been before used for the cultivation of agricultural plants, this biofertilizer showed a strong stimulatory effect on the growth of seeds and seedlings of wheat and soybeans. The average germination and seed vigor increased by 1.5 - 2.0 times, and the phenophases were accelerated to three to five days. In all phases of vegetation, the ammonifying bacteria in the presence of an antagonist (a biological agent) developed rapidly and were constantly present in significant numbers in the rhizosphere. Streptomyces fumanus introduced into non-sterile soil entered into competition with the local soil microflora and had the ability to colonize the rhizosphere system of plants. The use of a formulation of Streptomyces gn-2 has improved the composition of rhizosphere microflora, attracting saprophytic microorganisms: ammonificators and oligotrophs. The presence of the biocontrol microorganism Streptomyces fumanus in the rhizosphere plays an important role in enhancing the growth and development of useful groups, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Biomass Industrial Effluent Effect on Carbohydrates,Aminoacids,Nitrite and Nitrite Enzyme Activities of Arachis hypogaea L.

The objectives of the present investigations are to see the effects of biomass power plant effluent on the carbohydrates, aminoacids, nitrite and nitrite enzyme activitiesand proline of Arachis hypogaea L. var TCGS 320 under controlled pot culture methods. Plants were cultivated with 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the effluent and a control without the effluent. The treatment of the crop with 25% of the effluent has shown stimulatory effect on all the biochemical parameters studied. Carbohydrates, starch, aminoacids, protein, nitrate and nitrite reductase enzymatic activities have increased in 10, 15, 20 DAS （days after sowing）. In 25 and 30 DAS all biochemical parameters have decreased, due to environmental factors （rainfall, temperature, humidity, etc.）. The present investigation clearly indicated that the biomass power plant effluent has stimulatory effect on all the biochemical contents at lower concentration, and at higher concentration they have deleterious effects.

Cumin(Cuminum cyminum)and black cumin(Nigella sativa)seeds:traditional uses,chemical constituents,and nutraceutical effects

Although the seeds of cumin(Cuminum cyminum L.)are widely used as a spice for their distinctive aroma,they are also commonly used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases.The literature presents ample evidence for the biomedical activities of cumin,which have generally been ascribed to its bioactive constituents such as terpenes,phenols,and flavonoids.Those health effects of cumin seeds that are experimentally validated are discussed in this review.Black seeds(Nigella sativa),which are totally unrelated to C.cyminum,have nevertheless taken the name‘Black cumin’and used in traditional systems of medicine for many disorders.Numerous pre-clinical and clinical trials have investigated its efficacy using the seed oil,essential oil,and its main constituent thymoquinone(TQ).These investigations support its use either independently or as an adjunct along with conventional drugs in respiratory problems,allergic rhinitis,dyspepsia,metabolic syndrome,diabetes mellitus,inflammatory diseases,and different types of human cancer.Multiple studies made in the last decades validate its health beneficial effects particularly in diabetes,dyslipidemia,hypertension,respiratory disorders,inflammatory diseases,and cancer.Nigella sativa seeds also possess immune stimulatory,gastroprotective,hepatoprotective,nephroprotective,and neuroprotective activities.TQ is the most abundant constituent of volatile oil of N.sativa seeds,and most of the medicinal properties of N.sativa are attributed mainly to TQ.All the available evidence suggests that TQ should be developed as a novel drug in clinical trials.

Different Characters of Spleen OX-62 Positive Dendritic Cells between Fischer and Lewis Rats

The phenotype, DNA-binding activities of NF-κB, cytokine production, endocytosis and stimulatory capacity of spleen OX-62-positive dendritc calls （SDCs） from Fischer rats were compared with those from Lewis rats. Results showed that the expressions of CDllb, MHC-II, CD8, CD45RA, CD54 and CD86 on SDCs were significantly higher in Fischer than those in Lewis rats. The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-T in SDCs from Fischer rats were distinctly higher than those from Lewis. Both stimulatory capacity and DNA-binding activities of NF-κB in SDCs were all lower in Fischer than those in Lewis rats. These differences may partly contribute to rat strainspecificity in susceptibility to chronic inflammatory stimuli.

Reconstitution of Gs and Adenylate Cyclase From Bovine Brain Cortices on Asolectin Liposomes

Signal transduction across cell membranes is an important subject of the current studies on biomembranes. Hormonally regulated adenylate cyclase signalling system is composed of three distinct types of plasma-membrane associated proteins: the receptor, adenylate cyclase (AC) and stimulatory GTP-binding protein (Gs) which me-

Purification of β-adrenergic receptors from Beijing duck erythrocyte plasma membranes and their reconstitution with Gs and adenylate cyclase on asolectin liposomes

Catecholamines such as adrenaline, norepinephrine and isoproterenol regulate a wide variety of physiological responses via their specific binding to adrenergic receptors located in the plasma membrane. Adrenergic receptors have been divided into two major types, α and β. Binding of ligands to β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) first triggers the activation of stimulatory GTP-binding protein (Gs). The activated Gs then interacts