For the purpose of contributing to the establishment of optimized eco-productive paradigm, a new layout of land use of the Loess Plateau was carried out and the associated forage potential was estimated. Results indic...For the purpose of contributing to the establishment of optimized eco-productive paradigm, a new layout of land use of the Loess Plateau was carried out and the associated forage potential was estimated. Results indicated that the percentages of the area of grassland, woodland, basic farmland and orchard to the total productive land area were 44%, 22%, 20% and 14% respectively according to this new land use scenario. Based on the datasets of 197 counties in the Loess Plateau, the estimated forage potential would amount to 104 881 028 ton/a (hay), which can raise 104 881 028 productivity sheep unit/ a. According to the unchanged price in 1999, pastoral gross product value would amount to 52 440.51 million yuan RMB/a, which is as much as 5.3 times of that in 1999 and exceeds the agricultural gross product in 1999 by 14%. In addition, there are ca. 59% of counties whose mean pastoral product value per person would be more than 1 000 yuan RMB/a, while ca. 41% of counties whose mean pastoral product value per person would be less than 1 000 yuan RMB/a. On the other hand, the estimated agricultural gross product on the Loess Plateau would amount to 11 472 2.34 million yuan RMB/a and ca. 46% of the total would come from pastoral industry, 27% from orchid industry, 14% from forestry and 13% from farmland. From the perspective both ecologically and economically, this paper holds that the herbi-vore-based pastoral industry is a promising industry bolstering the ecological improvement and economical development on the Loess Plateau.展开更多
In order to identify potential wood substitutes for the production of energy by gasification, binary blends （wood/miscanthus, miscanthus/straw and wood/straw） and ternary blends （wood, miscanthus and organic residu...In order to identify potential wood substitutes for the production of energy by gasification, binary blends （wood/miscanthus, miscanthus/straw and wood/straw） and ternary blends （wood, miscanthus and organic residue） were systematic tested in a laboratory bubbling fluidized bed gasification system. The results of experiments were compared with results of wood gasification. Of the binary blends, wood and miscanthus exhibited great potential as a wood substitute in fluidized bed gasification in terms of process stability and product gas quality. Adding 10 wt. % of organic residues to form ternary blends further improved the product gas quality. Gasification of fuels blended with straw tended to agglomerate in the fluidized bed because of straw＇s low ash melting temperature. This can be counteracted by adding Ca（OH）2 to fuels. Nonetheless, fuels blended with straw with higher percentages of Ca（OH）2 need further study to establish the optimal additive ratio.展开更多
The massive stacking of the coal gangue (CG) in the coal mining process, discarded industrial zeolite waste (IZW) and agricultural corn straw (CS) has caused serious environmental pollution and resource waste. To achi...The massive stacking of the coal gangue (CG) in the coal mining process, discarded industrial zeolite waste (IZW) and agricultural corn straw (CS) has caused serious environmental pollution and resource waste. To achieve the recycling of solid waste, an economical method for synthesizing ultramarine blue pigment using a two-step calcination process of the CG/IZW/Na_(2)CO_(3)/S/CS with the mass rates of 1.50: 0.50: 2.50: 3.50: 1.00 (the first stage at 400℃ for 0.50 h and the second stage at 900℃ for 2.00 h) is proposed in this paper. The structure and composition of the synthesis ultramarine blue pigment were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, as well as SEM technologies, and results showed it had a sodalite structure containing S_(3)^(−) and S_(2)^(−) radicals. Furthermore, SiO2 (1.20 mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor and 4.50 mL of NH_(3)·H_(2)O as the catalyst) coated the synthesis ultramarine blue pigment (1.00 g) was successfully synthesized by sol-gel technique to improve the acid resistance of the pigment (pH=2.50-3.00). This new method of preparing ultramarine blue pigments not only achieves resource reuse at a low cost but also improves the acid rain resistance of the pigments.展开更多
文摘For the purpose of contributing to the establishment of optimized eco-productive paradigm, a new layout of land use of the Loess Plateau was carried out and the associated forage potential was estimated. Results indicated that the percentages of the area of grassland, woodland, basic farmland and orchard to the total productive land area were 44%, 22%, 20% and 14% respectively according to this new land use scenario. Based on the datasets of 197 counties in the Loess Plateau, the estimated forage potential would amount to 104 881 028 ton/a (hay), which can raise 104 881 028 productivity sheep unit/ a. According to the unchanged price in 1999, pastoral gross product value would amount to 52 440.51 million yuan RMB/a, which is as much as 5.3 times of that in 1999 and exceeds the agricultural gross product in 1999 by 14%. In addition, there are ca. 59% of counties whose mean pastoral product value per person would be more than 1 000 yuan RMB/a, while ca. 41% of counties whose mean pastoral product value per person would be less than 1 000 yuan RMB/a. On the other hand, the estimated agricultural gross product on the Loess Plateau would amount to 11 472 2.34 million yuan RMB/a and ca. 46% of the total would come from pastoral industry, 27% from orchid industry, 14% from forestry and 13% from farmland. From the perspective both ecologically and economically, this paper holds that the herbi-vore-based pastoral industry is a promising industry bolstering the ecological improvement and economical development on the Loess Plateau.
文摘In order to identify potential wood substitutes for the production of energy by gasification, binary blends （wood/miscanthus, miscanthus/straw and wood/straw） and ternary blends （wood, miscanthus and organic residue） were systematic tested in a laboratory bubbling fluidized bed gasification system. The results of experiments were compared with results of wood gasification. Of the binary blends, wood and miscanthus exhibited great potential as a wood substitute in fluidized bed gasification in terms of process stability and product gas quality. Adding 10 wt. % of organic residues to form ternary blends further improved the product gas quality. Gasification of fuels blended with straw tended to agglomerate in the fluidized bed because of straw＇s low ash melting temperature. This can be counteracted by adding Ca（OH）2 to fuels. Nonetheless, fuels blended with straw with higher percentages of Ca（OH）2 need further study to establish the optimal additive ratio.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0800301)Liaoning Province Education Administration(No.LJ2020008,LQ2020023,and LQ2020027)Program for Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University(LT2020016).
文摘The massive stacking of the coal gangue (CG) in the coal mining process, discarded industrial zeolite waste (IZW) and agricultural corn straw (CS) has caused serious environmental pollution and resource waste. To achieve the recycling of solid waste, an economical method for synthesizing ultramarine blue pigment using a two-step calcination process of the CG/IZW/Na_(2)CO_(3)/S/CS with the mass rates of 1.50: 0.50: 2.50: 3.50: 1.00 (the first stage at 400℃ for 0.50 h and the second stage at 900℃ for 2.00 h) is proposed in this paper. The structure and composition of the synthesis ultramarine blue pigment were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, as well as SEM technologies, and results showed it had a sodalite structure containing S_(3)^(−) and S_(2)^(−) radicals. Furthermore, SiO2 (1.20 mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor and 4.50 mL of NH_(3)·H_(2)O as the catalyst) coated the synthesis ultramarine blue pigment (1.00 g) was successfully synthesized by sol-gel technique to improve the acid resistance of the pigment (pH=2.50-3.00). This new method of preparing ultramarine blue pigments not only achieves resource reuse at a low cost but also improves the acid rain resistance of the pigments.
文摘油菜(Brassica napus L.)秸秆作为重要的生物质资源,在环境保护和经济效益方面有着显著优势,具有高纤维素含量、利用成本低等优点,合理的利用可为相关产业原料的供应提供重要保障。湖南省作为中国油菜主产区,理论上具备产业化开发的潜力。全面了解生物质产量潜力和原料品质的区域差异是合理利用秸秆资源的前提与基础。因此,该研究对湖南省油菜秸秆资源产量潜力和原料品质空间异质性进行研究,基于此对油菜秸秆作为未来生物质产业原料的潜力进行评估。结果表明:湖南省油菜秸秆年产量为660.47万t,其中以湘北(35.71%)和湘中地区(32.43%)贡献最大,产量潜力分别达到了235.84万t和214.21万t。湖南省油菜秸秆生物质原料品质存在较高的异质性,所有表征指标的变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)值均很高(>0.50)。生物质原料品质差异主要表现在重金属含量方面(CV>5.00)。此外,油菜秸秆生物质在灰分含量(CV=3.02)、木质素含量(CV=1.17)和纤维素聚合度(CV=1.15)方面也具有较为明显的差异。基于测定的多项品质指标,该研究通过构建基于隶属函数的生物质生产潜力指数进行原料品质指标的归一化处理。从生物质生产潜力指数上看,湖南省油菜秸秆最适合生产半纤维素基产品,尤其是湘北地区的油菜秸秆(潜力指数为0.60)。总体上看,具备较高产量潜力和较优原料品质的湘北地区可作为全省油菜秸秆产业的先行原料供应区。
