Finite Element Analysis of the Influence of Artificial Cementation on the Strength Parameters and Bearing Capacity of Sandy Soil under a Strip Footing

Artificial cementation is a method commonly used to enhance and improve soil properties. This paper investigates the effect of using different amounts of cement on soil strength parameters and soil bearing capacity, using the finite element method. Experimental tests are conducted on soil samples with different amounts of Portland cement. A 2-D numerical model is created and validated using the numerical modelling software, COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software. The study finds that the cohesion, and the angle of the internal friction of the soil samples increase significantly as a result of adding 1%, 2%, and 4% of Portland cement. The results demonstrate that the stresses and strain under the strip footing proposed decrease by 3.24% and 7.42%. Moreover, the maximum displacement also decreases by 1.47% and 2.97%, as a result of adding cements of 2% and 4%. The bearing capacity values obtained are therefore excellent, especially when using the 2% and 4% cement. The increase identified is due to the increased values of the bearing capacity factors. It is concluded that from an economic viewpoint, using 2% cement is the best option.

Effect of loading rate on shear strength parameters of mechanically and biologically treated waste

Mechanical biological treatment(MBT)technology has attracted increasing attention because it can reduce the volume of waste produced.To deal with the current trend of increasing waste,MBT practices are being adopted to address waste generated in developing urban societies.In this study,a total of 20 specimens of consolidated undrained triaxial tests were conducted on waste obtained from the Hangzhou Tianziling landfill,China,to evaluate the effect of loading rate on the shear strength parameters of MBT waste.The MBT waste samples exhibited an evident strain-hardening behavior,and no peak was observed even when the axial strain exceeded 25%.Further,the shear strength increased with an increase in the loading rate;the effect of loading rate on shear strength under a low confining pressure was greater than that under a high confining pressure.Furthermore,the shear strength parameters of MBT waste were related to the loading rate.The relationship between the cohesion,internal friction angle,and logarithm of the loading rate could be fitted to a linear relationship,which was established in this study.Finally,the ranges of shear strength parameters cohesion c and effective cohesion c′were determined as 1.0–8.2 kPa and 2.1–14.9 kPa,respectively;the ranges of the internal friction angleφand effective internal friction angleφ’were determined as 16.2°–29°and 19.8°–43.9°,respectively.These results could be used as a valuable reference for conducting stability analyses of MBT landfills.

The Study of the Grit-blasting Parameters and Their Effects on the Adhesive Strength of the Plasma Sprayed Coatings

Surface Preparation is very important in adhesive b on ding of spray coatings to the surface of a work piece. The common practice is gr it-blasting of the surface before subjecting it to the spray coating process. In this study, grit-blasting of an AISI 4130 steel (of different heat treatmen ts) with Al 2O 3 particles was studied. Various grit-blasting parameters such as blasting particle size, the distance between blasting nozzle and the work pi ece (25, 30 and 40 cm.), blasting pressure (3,4,5,6 and 7 bars), blasting time ( 3, 6 and 10 seconds), and the blasting angle (45° and 90°) were examined in or der to find the optimum roughness. The mean roughness (Ra) of the grit-blasted surfaces were measured and the vari ations of the roughness with respect to the above mentioned variables were studi ed. The results show that by increasing blasting time, surface roughness increas es up to a maximum and then slightly decreases it with further duration of t he process. On the other hand a lengthy blasting causes some undesirable results such as an increase in residual particles between surface irregularities. There fore an optimum blasting time is of great importance. Increasing the blasting pr essure also provides a rougher surface, but in grit blasting of harder specimens the surface roughness decreases when the pressure reaches a certain limit. About the blasting angle, it was noticed that an angle of 45° results in less r esidual particles between the surface irregularities, in comparison to the angle of 90°. After grit-blasting, the specimens were plasma spray coated with 80% ZrO 2-20 % Y 2O 3 powder. The adhesive strength of the coating to the substrate was the n measured according to the DIN 50160 standard. The results show that for a certain base metal, the adhesive strength is directl y related to the surface roughness of the base material. Residual particles afte r grit-blasting the surface of the specimens can also have a strong deteriorati ng effect on adhesive strength. Finally, it was shown that the hardness of the b ase material had a direct effect on the adhesive strength of the sprayed coating s.

LNG低温复合软管疲劳特性及参数化分析研究

LNG低温复合软管具有强度高、重量轻、柔韧性好等优点,可以满足恶劣海况下LNG的输送需求,但其结构复杂,且面临多种耦合载荷作用下的疲劳失效问题。首先建立了LNG低温复合软管的有限元模型,研究了复合软管在弯曲和内压载荷下的力学响应和弯曲疲劳寿命特性;然后改变螺旋钢丝直径、预紧间距、导程和纤维层数及摩擦系数等参数,对软管的弯曲疲劳寿命进行了参数化分析。结果表明预紧间距、导程和纤维层数对复合软管的疲劳损伤影响显著:预紧间距增大时,复合软管疲劳损伤先增大后减小;导程减小或者层数增加时,复合软管的疲劳损伤会明显减小。摩擦系数对疲劳损伤几乎没有影响。研究成果可为低温复合软管的结构设计提供理论参考。

RESEARCH ON EQUIVALENT PROCESSES OF ROCK MASS PARAMETERS WITH ANCHOR PILES

Using normal and shear rigid coefficients of intact rock and fracture plane, rigidly normal, shear equivalent rigid coefficients of fissure rock mass are conducted. On the basis of hypotheses of small displacement of rock mass, principle of superposition, irrelevance of strength parameters C and T and Coulomb theory, formulas to calculate equivalent strength parameters C and phi of equivalent continuous mass from fissured rock mass with anchor piles are given. The achievement is extremely valuable in integral stability analysis of the rock mass slope and important in promoting the research of the rock mass's constitutive relation.

Investigation into engineering parameters of marls from Seydoon dam in Iran

The quality of designed structures embedded in rocks is strongly related to rock strength parameters of intact rock.Measuring different parameters from tests could be very expensive in designing phase of projects.Estimating some parameters from other ones can reduce costs and time of project procedure.In this paper,the relationships between static and dynamic parameters of marls are studied by using the single and multiple linear regressions.For this purpose,several marl core samples from Seydoon region,Khoozestan Province in Iran are collected and tested.Some equations with sufficient correlation have been obtained to predict the engineering parameters of marls,especially the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS).

Analysis on the joint tensile strength and fractography of TiNi shape memory alloy precise pulse resistance butt welding

This paper studies mechanical property and fractography of the welded joints obtained in different welding parameters such as welding heat and welding press with/without gas shield in TiNi shape memory alloy precise pulse resistance butt welding using tensile strength test, XRD, SEM and TEM measures. The optimum welding parameters obtaining high tensile strength welded joint are got. On the condition of welding press magneting current 2 A and welding heat 75%, the joint strength is the highest. This is important for to study other properties of TiNi shape memory alloy further. The experimental results state that argon gas shield have different effects on different welding parameters, less on welding press, but great on welding heat. But excessive welding press and welding heat have great effects on joint tensile strength. Too high welding heat can produce the new intermetallic compound, this intermetallic compound lead to dislocation density to increase and form the potential crack initiation, which can easily make the joint fracture under stress effect and decrease the shape memory ratio of joint for high density dislocation groups existing in the twinned martensite.

Study on Shear Strength Characteristics of Basalt-Concrete Bonding Interface Based on in-situ Direct Shear Test

In rock engineering,the shear strength of the basalt-concrete bonding interface is a key factor affecting the shear performance of hydroelectric dam foundations,embedded rock piles and rock bolts.In this study,30 sets of in-situ direct shear tests were conducted on the basalt-concrete bond interface in the Baihetan dam area to investigate the shear strength characteristics of the basalt-concrete bonding interface.The bonding interface contains two states,i.e.,the bonding interface is not sheared,termed as se(symbolic meaning see Table 1);the bonding interface is sheared with rupture surface,termed as si.The effects of lithology,Joints structure,rock type grade and concrete compressive strength on the shear strength of the concrete-basalt contact surface were investigated.The test results show that the shear strength of the bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))of columnar jointed basalt with concrete is greater than that of the bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))of non-columnar jointed one with the same rock type grade.When the rock type grade isⅢ_(2),fcol is 1.22 times higher than fncol and ccol is 1.13 times greater than cncol.The shear strength parameters of the basalt-concrete bonding interface differ significantly for different lithologies.The cohesion of the bonding interface(s_(i))of cryptocrystalline basalt with concrete is 2.05 times higher than that of the bonding interface(s_(i))of breccia lava with concrete under the same rock type grade condition.Rock type grade has a large influence on the shear strength of the non-columnar jointed basalt-concrete bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i)).cnol increases by 33%when the grade of rock type rises fromⅢ_(1)toⅡ_(1).the rock type grade has a greater effect on bonding interface(s_(i))cohesion than the coefficient of friction.When the rock type grade is reduced fromⅢ_(2)toⅢ_(1),f_(ncol)′increases by 2%and c_(ncol)′improves by 44%.The shear strength of the non-columnar jointed basalt-concrete bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))increases with the increase of the compressive strength of concrete.When concrete compressive strength rises from 22.2 to 27.6 MPa,the cohesion increases by 94%.

海底油气管道剩余强度参数化建模方法研究

为了有效解决海底受损油气管道的安全性评估问题,先利用有限元方法分析管道剩余强度随缺陷长度、宽度、深度等几何量信息的变化规律,在此基础上构建了用于定量化描述管道剩余强度的参数化模型,并利用改进遗传算法的全局最优搜索能力求解模型未知系数,给出管道剩余强度与缺陷几何量之间的定量关系。经过实验验证,表明该模型比现有的管道评估标准具有更好的可靠性,可有效地用于海底油气受损管道的剩余强度分析,为管道的安全性评估提供理论依据。

Effects of Material Composition and Water Content on the Mechanical Properties of Landslide Deposits Triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake

Abundant landslide deposits were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, providing a rich source of material for subsequent debris flows or slope failures under rainfall conditions. A good understanding of the physical and mechanical properties of the landslide deposits is very important to the research on slope failure mechanisms and the initiation of debris flow. Laboratory biaxial compression tests are used to study the material compositions and water content impacts on the mechanical properties of landslide deposits, and a discrete element method （a bond-contact model） is used to study the particle stiffness, bond force, friction coefficient and confining stress impact on the mechanical behaviors and the relationships between the numerical and experimental parameters. The experimental results show that the failure stress of landslide deposits is decreased with increasing content of fine particles and also with increased water content, especially at the initial increasing stage. Cohesion of the saturated landslide deposits is increased, but the friction angle is decreased with the increase in the fine particle content. Shear strength parameters （the cohesion and friction angle） are decreased with the increasing water content at the initial increasing stage, and then, they slowly decrease. There is a critical value of the water content at 5%-7% （in weight） for the failure stress and shear strength parameters of the landslide deposits. Quadratic equations are presented to describe the relation between the bond force and cohesion, and the numerical friction coefficient and the experimental friction angle.

基于参数化方法的船体分段吊装快速有限元分析技术

为了提高分段吊装工艺结构强度的计算效率,将参数化思想应用于分段吊装方案的有限元分析中.首先采用结构参数化方法快速建立各种分段结构的有限元模型, 然后对眼板、吊绳、工况等3类吊装工艺信息进行参数化处理并提出了针对不同吊装工艺的快捷仿真方法. 最后实现了基于参数化分析方法的典型双层底分段的平吊和翻身的结构强度分析.经过实例验证该参数化方法避免了大量重复性工作,有效地提高了分段吊装有限元建模和强度计算的效率.

基于有限元法的卧螺离心机转鼓优化设计

对卧螺离心机的转鼓进行参数化建模,以这些参数为设计变量,以几何、强度和刚度要求为约束条件,以转鼓的转动惯量为目标函数,基于有限元分析计算,对转鼓结构的几何尺寸进行优化设计,取得了良好的效果。

基于强度约束的叶片榫头参数化设计

针对榫头的设计要求,介绍了榫头的设计方法和过程。以榫头重量最轻和满足静强度约束为基点,确定榫头的控制参数,实现了人机交互的榫头参数化设计。

基于AWE的大口径闸阀阀体强度分析与结构优化

在ANSYS Workbench集成开发平台环境下,建立大口径闸阀阀体的参数化模型,从安全、经济的角度,就如何改进阀体的结构以减少阀体的应力集中现象,合理优化加强筋结构尺寸和位置进行有限元分析和结构设计,得出阀体最优的结构尺寸,结合最大应力强度敏感性分析,为该类阀体结构的设计提出指导性意见.结果表明,优化后的阀体最大等效应力明显减小、应力分布更加均匀,该研究方法具有较高的效率和精度.

Rock borehole shear tests in dam foundation of Xiangjiaba hydropower station

Xiangjiaba hydropowcr station is one of the complicated geological conditions of its dam foundation, parameters of rock masses are very important issues. To cascade power stations on the Jinsha River, China. Due to the evaluating the rock mass quality and determining the mechanical address these issues, several groups of rock borehole shear tests （RBSTs） were conducted on the black mudstone in the dam foundation of Xiangjiaba hydropower station in the second construction phase. Forty three groups of shear strengths of black mudstone samples were obtained from RBSTs, and the shear strength parameters （c and f） were calculated using the least squares method. In addition, the limitations and merits of RBST employed in the Xiangjiaba hydropower station were discussed. Test results indicate that the shear strength parameters obtained from RBST have a good correlation with the results from sotmd wave test in borehole. It is believed that RBST has a good adaptability and applicability in geotechnical engineering.

压缩机复杂底橇结构模块化与参数化分析设计

针对往复式天然气压缩机橇块的底橇结构,详细阐述了在其强度分析计算过程中所应考虑的各种载荷工况,利用ANSYS参数化设计语言APDL对底橇的强度分析计算过程进行了模块化与参数化设计,将建模、加载以及求解过程定义为若干个可调用的参数化模块。此设计方法不仅可以实现不同底橇结构在相似载荷条件作用下的快速建模与求解,而且可以推广至其它有限元分析设计领域的应用当中。

某移动式水泵车举升翻转机构优化分析

针对某移动式水泵车的举升翻转机构出现了举升油缸上铰点断裂现象,通过多刚体运动学建立举升翻转机构虚拟样机模型,并进行运动学仿真得到油缸最大拉力;以此最大拉力为边界条件,应用有限元方法对举升翻转机构进行强度分析,结果发现油缸铰点应力超过屈服极限。因此在ADAMS/View中建立举升翻转机构参数化模型,通过灵敏度分析确定设计变量,以油缸拉力最小为目标函数对油缸铰点位置进行合理优化。优化后铰点最大拉力减小了18.2%,强度满足材料要求,机构工作可靠性得到提高。

增压器压气机叶片结构/振动一体化优化设计

以废气涡轮增压器压气机叶轮为研究对象,创建了压气机叶片的三维参数化模型,通过全三维流场仿真分析,得到压气机的气动性能及叶片表面的压力分布。在不改变叶片形状、保证压气机气动性能的情况下,对叶片的静强度及振动特性进行了一体化优化设计。以叶片4个关键截面的叶顶、叶根厚度为设计变量,以离心力及气动压力作用下叶片的最大Mises应力、叶片的一阶动频为约束,以叶片体积为目标函数,在iSIGHT优化平台上集成了I-DEAS、ANSYS软件,采用混合整型优化和自适应模拟退火算法的组合优化方法,在满足叶片静强度小于屈服强度和一阶动频大于3倍工作频率的条件下,叶片体积(质量)减小了14.7%。

基于PCL的导弹吊挂强度分析的参数化方法

基于Patran/Nastran有限元分析软件的后台文件,采用PCL(Patran Comm and Language)对Patran/Nastran软件进行了二次开发,建立了用于导弹吊挂强度分析的参数化、自动化方法。提出的方法实现了吊挂结构强度分析过程中的参数化建模-自定义网格划分-材料边界选择-强度分析-结果查看等整个过程的自动化。方法的应用可以方便开展吊挂结构随意改变尺寸、材料参数、边界等的强度分析。并且方法对于任意结构在有限元分析中尺寸、网格、材料、边界等参数化建模及有限元分析均可适用。

大型球罐的参数化设计和应力分析软件开发

利用可视化编程语言Delphi6 .0编制了大型球罐的参数化设计和应力分析软件 ,实现了球罐设计与ANSYS的无缝衔接。并以 10 0 0m3 的大型液化汽球罐为例 ,运用该软件与商业有限元软件ANSYS7.0 ,对其进行了参数化设计和有限元应力分析。采用应力分析设计方法 ,对人孔接管与球壳、支柱与球壳等连接位置的截面进行了强度校核。