Study of Stress and Strain Distributions of First Pass Conventional Spinning Under Different Roller-trace

Based on simplified axisymmetrical forming model, a elasto-plastic FEM simulation system of multi-pass conventional spinning is developed. Taking the typical draw-spinning as the study object, and establishing reasonable mechanics model, research on the first pass of spinning process is carried out with FEM system developed. The distributions of the stress and strain are obtained by three types of roller-trace curves: straight line, involute curves and quadratic curves. The results are as follows: (1) The values of equivalent stress and strain are the lowest under involute curve compared to other two curves, and they change relatively small and decrease with the increase of radius. The values of equivalent stress and strain is the highest under quadratic curves, and increase with the increase of radius. (2) The value of radial stress is smallest under involute curve, and is the largest under straight line. Value of radial stress is often used as the criterion of cracking limit, so its distribution laws can provide references for studying the condition of cracking in multi-pass conventional spinning under different roller-trace. (3) Tangential stress is compressive stress. Absolute value of tangential stress is the smallest under involute curve, and values of tangential stress are close between other two curves. The distribution laws of tangential stress can serve as a significant guide to research the critical condition of wrinkling in multi-pass conventional spinning under different roller-trace. (4) The reduction of thickness is the smallest under involute curve. The distribution of the thickness strain is very unequal under quadratic curves. The results obtained can provide references for selecting reasonable roller-trace in multi-pass conventional spinning.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ABOUT STRESS AND STRAIN OF SURFACE PEELING IN Cu-Fe-P SHEET

The microstructure of surface peeling in finish rolled Cu-0.1Fe-0.03P sheetis analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope. Fe-rich areas ofdifferent contents are observed in the matrix. The stress distributions and strain characteristicsat the interface between Cu matrix and Fe particle are studied by elastic-plastic finite elementplane strain model. Larger Fe particles and higher deforming extent of finish rolling are attributedto the intense stress gradient and significant non-homogeneity equivalent strain at the interfaceand accelerate surface peeling of Cu-0.1Fe-0.03P lead frame sheet.

Finite element analysis of stress and strain distributions in mortise and loose tenon furniture joints

We studied the effect of loose tenon dimensions on stress and strain distributions in T-shaped mortise and loose tenon （M＆amp;LT） furni-ture joints under uniaxial bending loads, and determined the effects of loose tenon length （30, 45, 60, and 90 mm） and loose tenon thickness （6 and 8 mm） on bending moment capacity of M＆amp;LT joints constructed with polyvinyl acetate （PVAc） adhesive. Stress and strain distributions in joint elements were then estimated for each joint using ANSYS finite element （FE） software. The bending moment capacity of joints increased significantly with thickness and length of the tenon. Based on the FE analysis results, under uniaxial bending, the highest shear stress values were obtained in the middle parts of the tenon, while the highest shear elastic strain values were estimated in glue lines between the tenon sur-faces and walls of the mortise. Shear stress and shear elastic strain values in joint elements generally increased with tenon dimensions and corre-sponding bending moment capacities. There was consistency between predicted maximum shear stress values and failure modes of the joints.

Coupling characteristics of stress and strain at different layers of different sub-regions in Yunnan and its adjacent areas

In this paper, we collect 6 361 waveform data to calculate the shear wave splitting parameters from a regional seismic network of 22 digital stations in Yunnan and its adjacent area from July 1999 to June 2005. By using the cross-correlation method, 64 splitting events of 16 stations are processed. We also collect the splitting results of eight earthquake sequences to present the characteristics of shear wave splitting in Yunnan and its adjacent areas. The orientations of maximum principal compressive stress of three sub-regions in this area are derived from the CMT focal mechanism solutions of 43 moderate-strong earthquakes provided by Harvard University by the P axis azimuth-averaging method. The principal strain rate at each observatory is deduced from the observations of Crustal Movement Observation Network of China during the period from 1999 to 2004. In addition, the data of Pn aniso- tropy and SKS splitting of Yunnan and its adjacent areas are also collected. We have discovered from this study that the continental lithosphere, as a main seismogenic environment for strong earthquake, can be divided into blocks laterally; the mechanical behavior of lithosphere varies with depth and can be divided into different layers in the vertical orientation; the information of crustal deformation obtained from GPS might be affected by the type of blocks, since there are different types of active blocks in Yunnan and its adjacent areas; the shear wave splitting in this region might be affected mainly by the upper crust or even the surface tectonics.

THE EXPRESSION OF STRESS AND STRAIN AT THE TIP OF NOTCH IN REISSNER PLATE

In this paper, the eigenequation of notch in Reissner plate is derived by the eigenfunction method. Eigenvalues of different notches with different angles are calculated by Muller iteration method. The expression of stress and strain at the tip of notch in Reissner plate is obtained.

The Expression of Stress and Strain at the Tip of Three-Dimensional Notch

The singularity of stress and strain at the tip of three-dimensional notch isanalysed by the power expansion method .the eigenquation of the notch is gainedthrough the boundary conditions of the notch, the eigenvalues under different innerangles of the notch are obtained, the expression of stress and strain at the tip of thenotch is finally derived .

Numerical simulation of tectonic stress and strain rate fields in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in association with major fault zones

A series of large strike-slip and thrust faults have developed in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau since the Late Cenozoic,with strong and active tectonic activity and frequent occurrences of large earthquakes.Modulation of regional tectonic stress distribution,strain fields,and seismic hazards has not been well studied.This study introduces a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element numerical model to calculate crustal stress and strain rate fields under current tectonic loading.The preliminary results show that the direction of the horizontal principal compressive stress rate and compressive horizontal principal strain rate in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau rotate clockwise as a whole,and this rotation is more significant in the southeast direction because of the block of the Alxa and the Ordos blocks.The NE-SW horizontal principal compressive stress rate and SE horizontal tensile stress rate dominate the entire study region.The maximum value of the horizontal principal compressive strain rate at a depth of 0 km in the model is approximately 4×10^(-8)yr^(-1)near the East Kunlun fault and is smaller in the stable Alxa and Ordos blocks at approximately 1×10^(-8)yr^(-1).The calculated regional stress state is in good agreement with the actual focal mechanism solution,indicating that strike-slip and thrust stress fields dominate the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The Altyn Tagh,East Kunlun,and Haiyuan faults demonstrate that the maximum shear strain rate gradually decreases eastward,and the decrease in the maximum shear strain rate value is absorbed by orogenic uplift and crustal shortening at its boundaries.The western section of the Altyn Tagh fault,west-to-middle sections of the East Kunlun fault,and west-to-middle sections of the Haiyuan fault will have high seismic hazards in the future.

Mechanical stress and deformation analyses of pressurized cylindrical shells based on a higher-order modeling

In this research,mechanical stress,static strain and deformation analyses of a cylindrical pressure vessel subjected to mechanical loads are presented.The kinematic relations are developed based on higherorder sinusoidal shear deformation theory.Thickness stretching formulation is accounted for more accurate analysis.The total transverse deflection is divided into bending,shear and thickness stretching parts in which the third term is responsible for change of deflection along the thickness direction.The axisymmetric formulations are derived through principle of virtual work.A parametric study is presented to investigate variation of stress and strain components along the thickness and longitudinal directions.To explore effect of thickness stretching model on the static results,a comparison between the present results with the available results of literature is presented.As an important output,effect of micro-scale parameter is studied on the static stress and strain distribution.

A fast numerical method of introducing the strengthening effect of residual stress and strain to tensile behavior of metal matrix composites

Thermal residual stress and strain(TRSS)in particle reinforced metal matrix composites(PRMMCs)are believed to cause strengthening effects,according to previous studies.Here,the representative volume element(RVE)based computational homogenization technique was used to study the tensile deformation of PRMMCs with different particle aspect ratios(AR).The influence of TRSS was assessed quantitatively via comparing simulations with or without the cooling process.It was found that the strengthening effect of TRSS was affected by the particle AR.With the average strengthening effect of TRSS,a fast method of introducing the strengthening effect of TRSS to the tensile behavior of PRMMCs was developed.The new method has reduced the computational cost by a factor 2.The effect of TRSS on continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite was found to have a softening-effect during the entire tensile deformation process because of the pre-yield effect caused by the cooling process.

Stress-strain characteristics of linear friction welding of TC11 and TC17 alloys

Abstract Transient stress and strain fields of dissimilar titanium alloys （TCll and TC17 ） joint during linear friction welding （ LFW） were investigated by a two-dimensional model with ABAQUS/Explicit. The results showed that in the X-axis, the maximum compressive stress of 850 MPa occurred in the center zone of friction interface , and the maximum tensile stress of 190 MPa distributed at the flash; in the Y-axis, the maximum compressive stress of 1 261 MPa located at the junction region between the welding fixture and edge of the specimen, and the maximum tensile stress of 320 MPa distributed in the connecting portion between the flash and edge of the specimen. In addition, areas of plastic strain increased gradually during welding process. In the X-axis, tensile strain mainly existed at the heads of the specimens; in the Y-axis, compressive strain mainly occurred at the heads of the specimens.

Deep tectonics and seismogenic mechanisms of the seismic source zone of the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake on December 18,2023,at the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau

On December 18,2023,an M_(s)6.2 earthquake occurred in Jishishan,Gansu Province,China.This earthquake happened in the eastern region of the Qilian Orogenic Belt,which is situated at the forefront of the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau(i.e.,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau),encompassing a rhombic-shaped area that intersects the Qilian-Qaidam Basin,Alxa Block,Ordos Block,and South China Block.In this study,we analyzed the deep tectonic pattern of the Jishishan earthquake by incorporating data on the crustal thickness,velocity structure,global navigation satellite system(GNSS)strain field,and anisotropy.We discovered that the location of the earthquake was related to changes in the crustal structure.The results showed that the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake occurred in a unique position,with rapid changes in the crustal thickness,Vp/Vs,phase velocity,and S-wave velocity.The epicenter of the earthquake was situated at the transition zone between high and low velocities and was in proximity to a low-velocity region.Additionally,the source area is flanked by two high-velocity anomalies from the east and west.The principal compressive strain orientation near the Lajishan Fault is primarily in the NNE and NE directions,which align with the principal compressive stress direction in this region.In some areas of the Lajishan Fault,the principal compressive strain orientations show the NNW direction,consistent with the direction of the upper crustal fast-wave polarization from local earthquakes and the phase velocity azimuthal anisotropy.These features underscore the relationship between the occurrence of the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake and the deep inhomogeneous structure and deep tectonic characteristics.The NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau was thickened by crustal extension in the process of northeastward expansion,and the middle and lower crustal materials underwent structural deformation and may have been filled with salt-containing fluids during the extension process.The presence of this weak layer makes it easier for strong earthquakes to occur through the release of overlying rigid crustal stresses.However,it is unlikely that an earthquake of comparable or larger magnitude would occur in the short term(e.g.,in one year)at the Jishishan east margin fault.

Analysis of Stress and Strain Fields of Laser Cladding Process on Ring Circular Orbit

The cracking of coatings and the deformation of base frustrate the application of laser cladding technology especially on surface of the ring circular orbit.In order to solve the two problems above,the stress and strain fields of the laser cladding process on the ring circular orbit were analyzed through the finite-element method,based on the temperature field.The wedge module of the ring circular ring was the subject investigated. The calculating results show that during the cladding process the crank point tends to generate the transversal crack;the centre point on the coating/base interface tends to generate longitudinal crack;the intersecting edge of the coating and base tends to generate toe crack.Moreover,the cracking tendency of the outer marginal point is obviously greater than that of the inner marginal point.The rather high stress appears at the border position where the constraint exists,and the stress on the point in front of molten pool under the range of laser irradiation is large as well.And the displacement becomes larger as the cladding process proceeds.

Stress-strain partitioning analysis of constituent phases in dual phase steel based on the modified law of mixture

A more accurate estimation of stress-strain relationships for martensite and ferrite was developed, and the modified law of mixture was used to investigate the stress-strain partitioning of constituent phases in dual phase （DP） steels with two different martensite volume fractions. The results show that there exist great differences in the stress-strain contribution of martensite and ferrite to DP steel. The stress-strain partitioning coefficient is not constant in the whole strain range, but decreases with increasing the true strain of DP steel. The softening effect caused by the dilution of carbon concentration in martensite with the increase of martensite volume fraction has great influence on the strain contribution of martensite. The strain ratio of ferrite to martensite almost linearly increases with increasing the true strain of DP steel when the martensite volume fraction is 22%, because martensite always keeps elastic. But the strain ratio of ferrite to martensite varies indistinctively with the further increase in true strain of DP steel above 0.034 when the martensite volume fraction is 50%, because plastic deformation happens in martensite. The stress ratio ofmartensite to ferrite decreases monotonously with increasing the true strain of DP steel whether the martensite volume fraction is 22% or 50%.

Manufacturing Error Effects on Mechanical Properties and Dynamic Characteristics of Rotor Parts under High Acceleration

Stress, strain and vibration characteristics of rotor parts should be changed significantly under high acceleration, manufacturing error is one of the most important reason. However, current research on this prob- lem has not been carried out. A rotor with an acceleration of 150,000 g is considered as the objective, the effects of manufacturing errors on rotor mechanical properties and dynamic characteristics are executed by the selection of the key affecting factors. Through the force balance equation of the rotor infinitesimal unit establishment, a theoretical model of stress calculation based on slice method is pro- posed and established, a formula for the rotor stress at any point derives. A finite element model （FEM） of rotor with holes is established with manufacturing errors. The chan- ges of the stresses and strains of a rotor in parallelism and symmetry errors are analyzed, which verify the validity of the theoretical model. The pre-stressing modal analysis is performed based on the aforementioned static analysis. The key dynamic characteristics are analyzed. The results demonstrated that, as the parallelism and symmetry errors increase, the equivalent stresses and strains of the rotor slowly increase linearly, the highest growth rate does not exceed 4%, the maximum change rate of natural frequency is 0.1%. The rotor vibration mode is not significantlyaffected. The FEM construction method of the rotor with manufacturing errors can be utilized for the quantitative research on rotor characteristics, which will assist in the active control of rotor component reliability under high acceleration.

A Comprehensive Study on the Consequences of Gap-Graded Sands Considering the Loss of Fine Particles

Water and sand leakage disasters are likely to occur during construction in water-rich sand layer areas,resulting in ground collapse.The stress-strain action characteristics of discontinuous graded sand under different internal erosion degrees,and the evolution mechanism of water and sand leakage disasters caused by the internal erosion need to be further explored.Therefore,this paper takes the discontinuous graded sand in a water rich sand layer area in Nanchang City of China as the research object.Considering the influence of different fine particle losses(0,10%,20%and 30%)under the internal erosion of sand,the salt solution method is used to realize the specified loss of fine particles in the internal erosion.The stress-strain behavior after the loss of fine particles due to internal erosion is studied by triaxial shear test.Meanwhile,the physical model test and PFC-CFD method are both used to study the evolution rules of water and sand leakage disaster considered the influence of internal erosion degrees.Results show that:(1)under the same confining pressure,the peak failure strength of sand samples decreases along with the increase of fine particle loss.(2)In the water and sand leakage test of saturated sand,a natural filter channel is formed above the observed soil arch.The greater the loss of fine particles,the steeper and wider the collapse settlement area.(3)The relationship between the cumulative amount of water and sand leakage and time is nonlinear.The total mass loss of sand increases along with the increase of internal erosion degree.(4)After the soil arch is formed around the damaged opening,the sand continues to converge above the soil arch under the action of water flow,resulting in the dense convergence of contact force chains.

Numerical Exploration of Asymmetrical Impact Dynamics: Unveiling Nonlinearities in Collision Problems and Resilience of Reinforced Concrete Structures

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of collision and impact problems’ numerical solutions, focusing ongeometric, contact, and material nonlinearities, all essential in solving large deformation problems during a collision.The initial discussion revolves around the stress and strain of large deformation during a collision, followedby explanations of the fundamental finite element solution method for addressing such issues. The hourglassmode’s control methods, such as single-point reduced integration and contact-collision algorithms are detailedand implemented within the finite element framework. The paper further investigates the dynamic responseand failure modes of Reinforced Concrete (RC) members under asymmetrical impact using a 3D discrete modelin ABAQUS that treats steel bars and concrete connections as bond slips. The model’s validity was confirmedthrough comparisons with the node-sharing algorithm and system energy relations. Experimental parameterswere varied, including the rigid hammer’s mass and initial velocity, concrete strength, and longitudinal and stirrupreinforcement ratios. Findings indicated that increased hammer mass and velocity escalated RC member damage,while increased reinforcement ratios improved impact resistance. Contrarily, increased concrete strength did notsignificantly reduce lateral displacement when considering strain rate effects. The study also explores materialnonlinearity, examining different materials’ responses to collision-induced forces and stresses, demonstratedthrough an elastic rod impact case study. The paper proposes a damage criterion based on the residual axialload-bearing capacity for assessing damage under the asymmetrical impact, showing a correlation betweendamage degree hammer mass and initial velocity. The results, validated through comparison with theoreticaland analytical solutions, verify the ABAQUS program’s accuracy and reliability in analyzing impact problems,offering valuable insights into collision and impact problems’ nonlinearities and practical strategies for enhancingRC structures’ resilience under dynamic stress.

Hot Deformation Behavior of Squeeze Casting SiC_p/2 A50 Matrix Composites

The flow stress behaviors of squeeze casting SiCp/2A50 matrix composites were investigated by means of compression tests on a Gleeble 1500 therma1 mechanical simulator at isothermal constant strain rates ranging from of 0.001 to 1.0 with the testing temperature ranging from 350 to 500 ℃. The experiments showed that the relationship between stress and strain was obviously influenced by the strain rate and temperature. Dynamic recrystallization generally occurred at a higher temperature and a 1ower strain rate. A linear equation could be fitted between the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z and stress in the experiments. The mean value reciprocal of temperature at every true strain had a linear relation with natural logarithm of Z parameter, and the correlation coefficient, R=0.99, which was very significant by examination. The hot deformation activation energy of SiCp/2A50 matrix composites was 163.47 KJ/mol by calculation.

Numerical simulation of DE- GMAW of magnesium alloy cylinder

Double-electrode gas shielded arc welding （ DE - GMAW） was used to weld the magnesium alloy cylinder with the diameter of 200 mm and the thickness of 6 mm. In order to study the residual stress distribution of AZ31B magnesiunl alloy welding point, numerical sinmlation of welding temperature field, stress field and residual stress were carried out by MSC. mare software. The results show that the residual stress in the weld and the heat affected zone is large, and with the increase of the distance away from the weld center, the residual stress decreases. In most areas, the longitudinal residual stress is greater than the transverse residual stress （except for the inside and outside surfaces of the weld） , all of which provides theoretical support for the study of magnesiunl alloy welding residual stress.

PROBABILISTIC METHODOLOGY OF LOW CYCLE FATIGUE ANALYSIS

The cyclic stress-strain responses (CSSR), Neuber's rule (NR) and cyclic strain-life relation (CSLR) are treated as probabilistic curves in local stress and strain method of low cycle fatigue analysis. The randomness of loading and the theory of fatigue damage accumulation (TOFDA) are considered. The probabilistic analysis of local stress, local strain and fatigue life are constructed based on the first-order Taylor's series expansions. Through this method proposed fatigue reliability analysis can be accomplished.

Influence of the Impeller/Guide Vane Clearance Ratio on the Performances of a Nuclear Reactor Coolant Pump

An AP1000 nuclear reactor coolant pump is considered to assess the influence of the Impeller/Guide vane clearance on the performances of this type of pumps.Experiments and numerical simulations relying on an unidirectional fluid-solid coupling approach are used to investigate the problem(stress,strain and mode of the rotor).The results reveal the relationship existing between the hydraulic performance of the nuclear reactor coolant pump and the clearance ratio.The effect of clearance ratio on the maximum equivalent stress on the back surface of the impeller blade is greater than that on the working surface(the maximum equivalent stress on the back surface of impeller blade is about three times that on the working surface).The clearance ratio has a scarce effect on the first six natural frequencies of the rotor of the nuclear reactor coolant pump.The related vibrational modes have different waveforms.