The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensor Protein CREB3L2 in the Development of Tissues and Tumors

The endoplasmic reticulum plays an extremely important role in the process of cellular protein secretion.The cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3(CREB3)transcription factor family is closely associated with the secretion and transport of proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum.As a member of the CREB3 transcription factor family,cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2(CREB3L2)stands out as a non-classical sensor within the endoplasmic reticulum.CREB3L2 can detect and regulate endoplasmic reticulum pressure,exert control over the processes of protein transport and secretion,participate in the development of tumor cells,and is also closely linked to the development of certain human tissues and organs.This article aims to review the role of CREB3L2 in tissue development and disease,shedding light on the related mechanisms of CREB3L2 in cancer development.The goal is to provide insights and directions for further analysis of CREB3L2.

Micro thermal shear stress sensor based on vacuum anodic bonding and bulk-micromachining

This paper describes a micro thermal shear stress sensor with a cavity underneath, based on vacuum anodic bonding and bulk micromachined technology. A Ti/Pt alloy strip, 2μm×100μm, is deposited on the top of a thin silicon nitride diaphragm and functioned as the thermal sensor element. By using vacuum anodic bonding and bulk-si anisotropic wet etching process instead of the sacrificial-layer technique, a cavity, functioned as the adiabatic vacuum chamber, 200μm×200μm×400μm, is placed between the silicon nitride diaphragm and glass （Corning 7740）. This method totally avoid adhesion problem which is a major issue of the sacrificial-layer technique.

Transfer Function Relating Compressive Pressure to Interfacial Stress Sensor for Biomedical Applications

To help comfort for an amputee, it is important to understand the load distribution between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket for a prosthetic socket system. An interfacial stress sensor was presented which was capable of measuring compressive pressure and shear stress simultaneously. A mathematical model was built and an experiment was conducted to obtain the transfer function of interfacial stress sensor to compressive pressure. The results show that the sensor is capable of measuring a range of 30-217 kPa compressive pressure with a relative error of 32.15% in lower range and 6.22% in upper range.

Landslide Monitoring Based on High-Resolution Distributed Fiber Optic Stress Sensor

A landslide monitoring application is presented by using a high-resolution distributed fiber optic stress sensor. The sensor is used to monitor the intra-stress distribution and variations in landslide bodies, and can be used for the early warning of the occurrence of the landslides. The principle of distributed fiber optic stress sensing and the intra-stress monitoring method for landslides are described in detail. By measuring the distributed polarization mode coupling in the polarization-maintaining fiber, the distributed fiber stress sensor with stress measuring range 0 to 15 MPa, spatial resolution 10 cm and measuring range 0.5 km, is designed. The warning system is also investigated experimentally in the field trial.

Stress Sensing by an Optical Fiber Sensor: Method and Process for the Characterization of the Sensor Response Depending on Several Designs

In this paper we propose an analyzing of the response of a stress optical fiber sensor of which we proposed several design. We show that an optical fiber sensor with these designs can covenanting allow the measuring the force/stress applied to a mechanical structure or which it is linked, by optimizing the uses of appropriate materials for constituting the sensor support. The experiment that we introduce to validate our approach based in principles includes design with a support bearing a multimode optical fiber organized in such a way that the transmitted light is attenuated when the fiber-bending angle coming from stitching in holes of the support is modified by the effects of the force/stress applied to the optical fiber sensor realized in this way. The tests realized concern the most relevant parameters that define the performances of the stress sensor that we propose. We present the problems that we to solved for the optimization of the sensor for selecting the more efficient material for the optical fiber sensor support related to a relevant choice of optical fibers.

Effect of sensor quantity on measurement accuracy of log inner defects by using stress wave

Wood nondestructive testing （NDT） is one of the high efficient methods in utilizing wood. This paper explained the principle of log defect testing by using stress wave, and analyzed the effects of sensor quantity on defect testing results by using stress wave in terms of image fitting degree and error rate. The results showed that for logs with diameter ranging from 20 to 40 cm, at least 12 sensors were needed to meet the requirement which ensure a high testing accuracy of roughly 90% of fitness with 0.1 of error rate. And 10 sensors were recommended to judge the possible locations of defects and 6 sensors were sufficient to decide whether there were defects or not.

A Review on Surface Stress-Based Miniaturized Piezoresistive SU-8 Polymeric Cantilever Sensors

In the last decade, microelectromechanical systems(MEMS) SU-8 polymeric cantilevers with piezoresistive readout combined with the advances in molecular recognition techniques have found versatile applications,especially in the field of chemical and biological sensing.Compared to conventional solid-state semiconductor-based piezoresistive cantilever sensors, SU-8 polymeric cantilevers have advantages in terms of better sensitivity along with reduced material and fabrication cost. In recent times,numerous researchers have investigated their potential as a sensing platform due to high performance-to-cost ratio of SU-8 polymer-based cantilever sensors. In this article, we critically review the design, fabrication, and performance aspects of surface stress-based piezoresistive SU-8 polymeric cantilever sensors. The evolution of surface stress-based piezoresistive cantilever sensors from solid-state semiconductor materials to polymers, especially SU-8 polymer, is discussed in detail. Theoretical principles of surface stress generation and their application in cantilever sensing technology are also devised. Variants of SU-8 polymeric cantilevers with different composition of materials in cantilever stacks are explained. Furthermore, the interdependence of the material selection, geometrical design parameters, and fabrication process of piezoresistive SU-8 polymeric cantilever sensors and their cumulative impact on the sensor response are also explained in detail.In addition to the design-, fabrication-, and performancerelated factors, this article also describes various challenges in engineering SU-8 polymeric cantilevers as a universal sensing platform such as temperature and moisture vulnerability. This review article would serve as a guideline for researchers to understand specifics and functionality of surface stress-based piezoresistive SU-8 cantilever sensors.

光纤光栅温度应力传感教学实验装置

针对目前市场上可直接用于光纤光栅传感实验教学的装置较少,前沿科研技术和本科实验教学相脱节现状,设计了基于光纤光栅的温度应力传感教学装置。该装置包括光纤激光器、光谱仪和上位机控制软件3部分。光纤激光器实现了1 550 nm左右的激光输出,利用光谱仪测量光纤光栅中心波长的改变,并采集数据输入计算机,上位机控制软件用于图形显示和数据存储等。该实验装置操作简单、组装灵活、重复性和稳定性好,可用于本科实验教学。将前沿科学技术引入本科实验教学,促进了科学研究与本科实验教学相融合,实现了科研教学水平的同步提高。

混凝土内部受压力学性能试验与本构分析

为了精准测量受压混凝土内部应力-应变关系,通过在丙烯酸树脂杆上布置电阻式应变片,测量得到混凝土试块内部应变,研发大量程微型土压力盒实现混凝土内部应力测量。将相关测试装置预埋在混凝土试块内部,完成混凝土试块单轴压缩试验,获得精准的混凝土内部应力-应变关系数据。结果表明,混凝土内部本构模型相对于传统本构模型具有良好的延性,且峰值强度远高于传统本构模型。结合国内外几种具有代表性的混凝土本构方程对试验进行了有限元模拟,针对应力-应变曲线、峰值强度及峰值应变进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:实测的混凝土内部应力-应变曲线合理准确,相关测量方法具有良好的精度和可行性;基于我国规范模型的有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合最好,可进一步推广使用。

大量程柔性磁致伸缩位移传感器的输出特性

利用磁机耦合方程建立大量程柔性磁致伸缩位移传感器输出电压模型,理论计算输出电压。搭建实验平台,测试波导丝在偏置磁场和激励电流为5~35 kA/m和0.5~3.5 A范围内的输出电压,对比理论值与测量值,确定使波导丝输出电压最优的激励电流和偏置磁场,并对比Fe_(46.5)Ni_(48.5)Cr_(2)Ti_(2.5)Al_(0.5)不同伸长状态下的输出特性。实验结果表明:最优偏置磁场和激励电流为:(Fe_(83)Ga_(17))_(99.4)B_(0.6)为15 kA/m和1.5 A;Fe_(82)Ga_(13.5)Al_(4.5)为20 kA/m和1.5 A;Fe_(46.5)Ni_(48.5)Cr_(2)Ti_(2.5)Al_(0.5)为10 kA/m和2 A。Fe_(46.5)Ni_(48.5)Cr_(2)Ti_(2.5)Al_(0.5)波导丝信号衰减程度小,不同伸长状态下的输出电压具有一致性。本文的研究可为设计与开发大量程柔性磁致伸缩位移传感器提供理论依据与指导。

Experimental Study on the Bed Shear Stress Under Breaking Waves

The object of present study is to investigate the bed shear stress on a slope under regular breaking waves by a novel instrument named Micro-Electro-Mechanical System （MEMS） flexible hot-film shear stress sensor. The sensors were calibrated before application, and then a wave flume experiment was conducted to study the bed shear stress for the case of regular waves spilling and plunging on a 1 ： 15 smooth PVC slope. The experiment shows that the sensor is feasible for the measurement of the bed shear stress under breaking waves. For regular incident waves, the bed shear stress is mainly periodic in both outside and inside the breaking point. The fluctuations of the bed shear stress increase significantly after waves breaking due to the turbulence and vortexes generated by breaking waves. For plunging breaker, the extreme value of the mean maximum bed shear stress appears after the plunging point, and the more violent the wave breaks, the more dramatic increase of the maximum bed shear stress will occur. For spilling breaker, the increase of the maximum bed shear stress along the slope is gradual compared with the plunging breaker. At last, an empirical equation about the relationship between the maximum bed shear stress and the surf similarity parameter is given, which can be used to estimate the maximum bed shear stress under breaking waves in practice.

PEDOT∶PSS/MXene复合电极基界面电容式应力传感器

针对复杂的制备方法,以及传统电容式压力传感器容量和灵敏度较低导致难以抵御温度、湿度、弯曲等因素带来的干扰,采用层状MXene和聚(3,4-乙二氧基噻吩)∶聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT∶PSS)制备具有褶皱结构的复合电极。通过与1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐(EMIM-TFSA)离子液体介电层的结合,构建了电容式应力传感器。导电材料PEDOT∶PSS与MXene质量比为1∶1时,分别在0~50 kPa和50~200 kPa压力效应区间内实现了高达603和91.66 kPa^(-1)的线性灵敏度,具有快速的响应时间(仅需33 ms)以及优异的循环稳定性(至少4000次)。此外,该传感器在人体脉搏监测方面展现出实时、准确的特点,为可穿戴设备领域提供了新的发展思路。

Experimental Research on Boundary Shear Stress in Typical Meandering Channel

A novel instrument named Micro-Electro-Mechanical System(MEMS) flexible hot-film shear stress sensor was used to study the boundary shear stress distribution in the generalized natural meandering open channel, and the mean sidewall shear stress distribution along the meandering channel, and the lateral boundary shear stress distribution in the typical cross-section of the meandering channel was analysed. Based on the measurement of the boundary shear stress, a semi-empirical semi-theoretical computing approach of the boundary shear stress was derived including the effects of the secondary flow, sidewall roughness factor, eddy viscosity and the additional Reynolds stress, and more importantly, for the first time, it combined the effects of the cross-section central angle and the Reynolds number into the expressions. Afterwards, a comparison between the previous research and this study was developed. Following the result, we found that the semi-empirical semi-theoretical boundary shear stress distribution algorithm can predict the boundary shear stress distribution precisely. Finally, a single factor analysis was conducted on the relationship between the average sidewall shear stress on the convex and concave bank and the flow rate, water depth, slope ratio,or the cross-section central angle of the open channel bend. The functional relationship with each of the above factors was established, and then the distance from the location of the extreme sidewall shear stress to the bottom of the open channel was deduced based on the statistical theory.

表贴式矿用FBG传感器应力传感特性分析研究

本文重点对表贴式矿用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器应力传感特性进行了分析研究,针对表贴式FBG传感器应力传感特性受基体剪切模量进行系统性的分析,建立表贴式FBG应变三层结构理论分析模型,推导表贴式FBG的应变传递数学表达式,从基体的剪切模量角度分析矿用FBG传感器应力传感特性。通过试验分析总结,得出铜基体材料应变和波长线性关系最佳,可达99.89%,表贴式FBG基体剪切模量越大,应力与波长线性度越好,为矿用FBG传感器结构设计和灵敏度优化提供理论研究基础。

带温度补偿的改进型注塑机锁模力传感器设计与实现

目前国内外注塑机行业所使用的实时在线锁模力传感器均为双侧半桥模式,且大部分不带哥林柱温度补偿功能,因此在精度、分辨率等性能上还有较大的提升空间。设计了一款双侧全桥并带哥林柱温度补偿的改进型注塑机锁模力传感器,并进行了上机验证。单个锁模力传感器主要由两片受力敏感片和两片不受力温度补偿片组成,每根哥林柱的两侧各使用一个传感器,组成双侧类全桥电路进行锁模力检测。实验结果表明,与目前行业普遍采用的双侧半桥模式锁模力传感器相比,本改进型传感器在不同锁模力载荷下,精度更高,线性度更好;四个通道的拟合决定系数R2均在0.9997以上,最大绝对误差为25 kN,最大相对误差为3.753%,最大锁模力重复性精度为2.430%。

胎—路接触应力传感器的信号去噪方法研究

为了解决应变传感器在测量胎—路接触应力信号时的噪声干扰问题,提出一种基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)和小波软阈值的胎—路接触应力传感器的信号去噪方法。首先,将胎—路接触应力信号CEEMDAN分解为一系列从高频到低频排列的本征模态函数(IMF)分量;再根据能量值法判定出噪声主导IMF分量和信号主导IMF分量,并对噪声主导IMF分量进行小波软阈值去噪;最后,将去噪后的IMF分量和信号主导IMF分量进行重构,得到去噪后的胎—路接触应力信号。将所提方法分别与CEEMDAN去噪方法、小波软阈值去噪方法进行比较,结果表明:所提方法去噪后信号的信噪比(SNR)分别提高了33%和343%,均方根误差(RMSE)分别降低了64%和252%,说明所提方法的去噪效果更佳。

电流传感器的一体化封装技术

为解决传感器制造时组装工序繁杂的难题,采用低压注塑技术,探讨电流传感器一体化封装的可行性。首先,通过仿真对注塑过程中热熔胶填充过程及敏感器件所受应力进行分析;其次,采用自行开发的简易注塑模具对传感器进行封装效果验证;最后,完成了传感器的可靠性测试。测试结果表明,低压注塑技术应用于电流传感器封装具备较强的可行性,这为实现传感器大批量封装制造提供了参考依据。

预应力锚固区FBG螺旋筋的研制

预应力锚固区的应力集中复杂,其承载和抗裂性能对预应力混凝土结构的安全耐久至关重要。针对锚固区应力应变检测难题,在其螺旋筋中径位置嵌入分布式的FBG,制备能可靠监测环向应变的FBG螺旋筋,并按国标GB/T 14370—2015对M15-9型锚具锚固区进行三组荷载传递试验。试验结果表明:FBG螺旋筋的全部测点均存活有效,能够全程跟踪锚固区应力变化;随着荷载的增加,其内部拉应变逐渐增大,在1.2倍极限荷载下实测出三个试件的螺旋筋实际最大拉应变分别为777.15、710.29、785.50με,其应力均未超过其材料屈服强度,螺旋筋尚处于弹性变形阶段。在0.6~0.8F_(ptk)加载过程中,试件侧表面开始出现竖向劈裂裂缝;1.0~1.2F_(ptk)加载过程中,首条裂缝均发展为主裂缝,同时加载端面出现斜裂缝,裂缝宽度最大值为0.15 mm,均满足规范要求。FBG螺旋筋应变传感器可为锚固区的服役期应力应变监测、预警及其设计方案提供一种有效手段。

基于智能滚子的轴承接触载荷测量方法

针对三排圆柱滚子轴承接触载荷难以测量的问题,在有限元仿真和谐波分析的基础上提出了接触载荷连续测量方法并设计了用于测量轴承接触载荷的智能滚子。以某型号盾构机主轴承为例,首先根据接触载荷连续测量方法设计了相应的载荷传感器以及智能滚子,然后通过虚拟组桥仿真分析了接触载荷连续测量方法消除滚子自转角度对载荷测量影响的能力,最后通过标定试验获取载荷传感器输出与接触载荷间的线性关系进而实现接触载荷测量。结果表明:智能滚子内孔壁上的环向应变是关于滚子自转角度的具有谐波性的函数;设计的载荷传感器可以较好地消除滚子自转对载荷测量的影响,能够实现轴承接触载荷的连续测量。

长寿命压电加速度传感器寿命试验及评估技术

针对长寿命传感器寿命评估困难的问题,本文提出一种长寿命压电加速度传感器产品寿命和可靠性评估方法。通过对压电加速度传感器产品进行物理特性、电特性、环境特性和应力分析,确定其失效判据,根据特性分析和应力分析确定敏感元件并制定试验方法为温度-振动复合应力试验,进行两因素两水平正交试验设计,测量产品试验中常温零点输出并绘制曲线,对曲线进行线性拟合外推产品伪寿命数据,代入广义对数线性模型并求解模型参数,最终计算得出产品正常应力的可靠寿命。确定产品正常工作应力95 %可靠性寿命在25年以上,满足各应用场景对产品的寿命和可靠性要求。得出结论温度振动复合应力试验及其数据分析方法能有效评估长寿命压电加速度传感器寿命和可靠性指标,在工程实际上有一定参考和实践意义。