Wheat along with rice and maize is fulfilling half of the calories demands of the world. Global Wheat production has increased tremendously since green revolution in 1960’s and helped in minimizing hunger and malnutr...Wheat along with rice and maize is fulfilling half of the calories demands of the world. Global Wheat production has increased tremendously since green revolution in 1960’s and helped in minimizing hunger and malnutrition. Developing countries, which consume 60% of the global wheat production, have shown a higher yield increase than the developed countries in the past [1]. It was driven by the hunger prevalence in these countries and was attributable to the introduction of high yielding and rusted resistant semi dwarf varieties developed under the collaborative efforts of International and National research systems during the last 50 years. Whereas, climate change and the emergence of new pests and diseases are threatening the food sustainability. The evolution of new races of disease pathogens like stem rust (Ug 99) is of serious concern. In order to feed the ever increasing population we have to increase wheat production at the rate 1.6% which can be achieved by developing high yielding varieties having a good tolerance level for biotic and abiotic stresses.展开更多
十倍体长穗偃麦草[Thinopyrum ponticum(Popd.)Barkworth and Dewey]具有抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱、茎秆粗壮、穗长花多等优异性状,是小麦遗传改良的重要基因资源。本课题组从小麦与十倍体长穗偃麦草的杂交后代中筛选出一份抗条锈病的衍生系C...十倍体长穗偃麦草[Thinopyrum ponticum(Popd.)Barkworth and Dewey]具有抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱、茎秆粗壮、穗长花多等优异性状,是小麦遗传改良的重要基因资源。本课题组从小麦与十倍体长穗偃麦草的杂交后代中筛选出一份抗条锈病的衍生系CH18067,本研究对其进行形态学、细胞学、原位杂交、分子标记、抗条锈病性等综合鉴定。细胞学观察结果显示,CH18067的体细胞染色体数目为42条,在减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ,在减数分裂后期Ⅰ同源染色体可均等分离,表明其细胞学遗传稳定。利用寡核苷酸探针Oligo-pTa535(红色)和Oligo-pSc119.2(绿色)对CH18067进行FISH鉴定,结果显示,CH18067缺失小麦2D和4D染色体,同时含有2对具有特殊带型的染色体;通过对CH18067进行FISH-GISH、mc-GISH、液相芯片以及染色体核型分析,发现2对具有特殊带型的染色体中,在长臂和短臂末端均呈现Oligo-pTa535探针红色带型的染色体为十倍体长穗偃麦草的2J染色体,在着丝粒位置和长臂末端均呈现Oligo-pTa535探针红色带型的染色体为十倍体长穗偃麦草的4J^(S)染色体,说明CH18067为小麦-十倍体长穗偃麦草2J(2D)+4J^(S)(4D)双重异代换系。在第二部分同源群和第四部分同源群分别筛选出3个特异性标记,可用于追踪小麦遗传背景中长穗偃麦草的2J和4J^(S)染色体。形态学和条锈病抗性鉴定结果显示,CH18067具有矮秆、长粒等特性,且在成株期高抗小麦条锈病。以上结果表明,CH18067可作为小麦条锈病抗性育种和遗传研究的候选种质。展开更多
文摘Wheat along with rice and maize is fulfilling half of the calories demands of the world. Global Wheat production has increased tremendously since green revolution in 1960’s and helped in minimizing hunger and malnutrition. Developing countries, which consume 60% of the global wheat production, have shown a higher yield increase than the developed countries in the past [1]. It was driven by the hunger prevalence in these countries and was attributable to the introduction of high yielding and rusted resistant semi dwarf varieties developed under the collaborative efforts of International and National research systems during the last 50 years. Whereas, climate change and the emergence of new pests and diseases are threatening the food sustainability. The evolution of new races of disease pathogens like stem rust (Ug 99) is of serious concern. In order to feed the ever increasing population we have to increase wheat production at the rate 1.6% which can be achieved by developing high yielding varieties having a good tolerance level for biotic and abiotic stresses.
文摘十倍体长穗偃麦草[Thinopyrum ponticum(Popd.)Barkworth and Dewey]具有抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱、茎秆粗壮、穗长花多等优异性状,是小麦遗传改良的重要基因资源。本课题组从小麦与十倍体长穗偃麦草的杂交后代中筛选出一份抗条锈病的衍生系CH18067,本研究对其进行形态学、细胞学、原位杂交、分子标记、抗条锈病性等综合鉴定。细胞学观察结果显示,CH18067的体细胞染色体数目为42条,在减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ,在减数分裂后期Ⅰ同源染色体可均等分离,表明其细胞学遗传稳定。利用寡核苷酸探针Oligo-pTa535(红色)和Oligo-pSc119.2(绿色)对CH18067进行FISH鉴定,结果显示,CH18067缺失小麦2D和4D染色体,同时含有2对具有特殊带型的染色体;通过对CH18067进行FISH-GISH、mc-GISH、液相芯片以及染色体核型分析,发现2对具有特殊带型的染色体中,在长臂和短臂末端均呈现Oligo-pTa535探针红色带型的染色体为十倍体长穗偃麦草的2J染色体,在着丝粒位置和长臂末端均呈现Oligo-pTa535探针红色带型的染色体为十倍体长穗偃麦草的4J^(S)染色体,说明CH18067为小麦-十倍体长穗偃麦草2J(2D)+4J^(S)(4D)双重异代换系。在第二部分同源群和第四部分同源群分别筛选出3个特异性标记,可用于追踪小麦遗传背景中长穗偃麦草的2J和4J^(S)染色体。形态学和条锈病抗性鉴定结果显示,CH18067具有矮秆、长粒等特性,且在成株期高抗小麦条锈病。以上结果表明,CH18067可作为小麦条锈病抗性育种和遗传研究的候选种质。
