Application of hydrochemistry and strontium isotope for understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of strontium-rich groundwater in karst area,Gongcheng County,Southwest China

Understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis mechanisms of strontium-rich groundwater is pivotal for supporting the exploitation and utilization of natural strontium-rich groundwater.In this research,27 groundwater samples were collected.By analyzing major ion chemistry and strontium isotope data,and considering the hydrogeological context,various analytical approaches,including multivariate statistics,ion ratios,and isotopes,were used to reveal the characteristics and genesis mechanisms of strontium-rich groundwater in the study area.The findings indicate that the predominant hydrochemical type of groundwater is HCO_(3)-Ca,with Ca^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(-)as the primary cations and anions.The hydrochemistry of the strontium-rich groundwater is predominantly influenced by rock weathering processes.A combination of factors,including ion exchange,and anthropogenic activities,shapes the compositional characteristics of the groundwater in the region.The dissolution of calcite due to weathering emerges as the principal source of strontium in the groundwater.While ion exchange processes are not conducive to strontium enrichment in groundwater,their effect is relatively limited.The impact of human activities on the groundwater is minor.

Dielectric properties and phase transitions of La_2O_3- and Sb_2O_3-doped barium strontium titanate ceramics

The dielectric properties and phase transition characteristics of La2O3- and Sb2O3-doped barium strontium titanate ceramics prepared by solid state route were investigated. The microstructure was identified by X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscope was also employed to observe the surface morphologies. It is found that （La,Sb）-codoped barium strontium titanate ceramics exhibit typical perovskite structure and the average grain size decreases dramatically with increasing the content of Sb2O3. Both La3＋ ions and Sb3＋ ions occupy the A-sites in perovskite lattice. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of barium strontium titanate based ceramics are obviously influenced by La2O3 as well as Sb2O3 addition content. The tetragonal-cubic phase transition of La2O3 modified barium strontium titanate ceramics is of second order and the Curie temperature shifts to lower value with increasing the La2O3 doping content. The phase transition of （La,Sb）-codoped barium strontium titanate ceramics diffuses and the deviation from Curie-Weiss law becomes more obvious with the increase in Sb2O3 concentration. The temperature corresponding to the dielectric constant maximum of （La,Sb）-codoped barium strontium titanate ceramics decreases with increasing the Sb2O3 content, which is attributed to the replacement of host ions by the Sb3＋ ions.

Dielectric properties and point defect behavior of antimony oxide doped Ti deficient barium strontium titanate ceramics

The microstructures and dielectric properties of Sb2O3-doped Ti deficient barium strontium titanate ceramics prepared by solid state method were investigated with non-stoichiometric level and Sb2O3content by SEM,XRD and LCR measure system.It is found that with the increase ofδ,(Ba0.75Sr0.25)Ti1-δO3-2δceramics transform from single phase solid solutions with typical cubic perovskite structure to multiphase compounds while(Ba0.75Sr0.25)Ti0.998O2.996ceramics remain to be single-phase with the increasing Sb2O3content.The distortion of the ABO3perovskite lattice caused by VTi″″and VO..induces the drop of Curie temperature and the rise of relative dielectric constant in(Ba0.75Sr0.25)Ti1-δO3-2δceramics with increasingδvalue.The orientation of VO??elastic dipoles results in the domain-wall pinning and thus the reduction of the dielectric loss.With increasing Sb2O3content,the relative dielectric constant,dielectric constant maximum and Curie temperature of(Ba0.75Sr0.25)Ti0.998O2.996ceramics decrease dramatically while the dielectric loss increases.

Preparation and characterization of barium strontium titanate/silicon nanoporous pillar array composite thin films by a sol-gel method

Barium strontium titanate （Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3, BST）/silicon nanoporous pillar array （Si-NPA） thin films were prepared by a spin-coating/annealing technique based on Si-NPA with micro/nano-structure. Both the isomer conversion of acetylacetone and the network structure combined by enol and Ti-alkoxide facilitate the formation of the BST sol and the subsequent crystallization. Before the perovskite BST begins to form, the intermediate phase （Ba, Sr）Ti2OsCO3 is found. The boundary between BST and Si-NPA is of clarity and little interface diffusion, disclosing that Si-NPA is an ideal template substrate in the preparation of multifunctional composite films.

Synthesis and characterization of highly-ordered barium-strontium titanate nanotube arrays fabricated by sol-gel method

Highly uniformed barium-strontium titanate nanotube arrays were fabricated using a porous anodic aluminum oxide template from a barium-strontium titanate sol-gel solution. Electron microscope results showed that nanotubes with uniform length and diameter were obtained. The diameters and lengths of these nanotubes were dependent on the pore diameter and the thickness of the applied anodic aluminum oxide template. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and the selected-area electron diffraction pattern investigations demonstrated the perovskite structure and the polycrystalline of the fabricated barium-strontium titanate nanotubes. The characterization of the electrical and dielectric properties had also been made. Compared to thin film material, the intrinsic leakage current density is almost the same. Besides, at 30 ℃ the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the fabricated nanotube is 80 and 0.027 at 1 MHz respectively.

An Investigation of PLD-Deposited Barium Strontium Titanate (Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃) Thin Film Optical Properties

Reflectance and transmittance parameters of pulsed laser deposited barium strontium titanate (BST) were investigated using spectrophotometric methods. Three stoichiometries consisting of BaxSr1-xTiO3 (x = 0.30, 0.40, 0.50) were deposited on glass substrates using oxygen partial pressures of 1.3 Pa ± 0.13 Pa at 500oC. Subsequently, the measured optical parameters were employed to determine the refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), optical conductivity (σ), absorption coefficient (α) and optical bandgap (Eg) using swept spectra in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared range (200 nm - 1100 nm) as these have not been reported in the literature. The calculated parameters for Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3 are reported in this experimental work. Minimal differences in the transmittance have been observed at the visible band edges when comparing each stoichiometry. Sharp cutoffs were observed at the bands edges and strong absorbance in the 200 nm - 300 nm band as attributed to the crystal structure based upon the oxygen partial pressure during the deposition process.

Effect of solvents on the morphology and structure of barium titanate synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method

Tetragonal barium titanate was synthesized from barium hydroxide octahydrate and titanium tetrachloride through a simple one-step hydrothermal method.The effect of different solvents on the crystal structure and morphology of barium titanate nanoparticles during the hy-drothermal process was investigated.Except for ethylene glycol/water solvent,impurity-free barium titanate was synthesized in pure water,methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl alcohol/water mixed solvents.Compared with other alcohols,ethanol promotes the formation of a tetragonal structure.In addition,characterization studies confirm that particles synthesized in methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl al-cohol/water mixed solvents are smaller in size than those synthesized in pure water.In the case of alcohol-containing solvents,the particle size decreases in the order of isopropanol,ethanol,and methanol.Among all the media used in this study,ethanol/water is considered the optimum reaction media for barium titanate with high tetragonality(defined as the ratio of two lattice parameters c and a,c/a=1.0088)and small aver-age particle size(82 nm),which indicates its great application potential in multilayer ceramic capacitors.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hollow Strontium Carbonate Pompons by Composite Soft Template Method

The hollow strontium carbonate pompons was synthesized for the first time by a controlled reaction precipitation method with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)and polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)work together as template.The sampled particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement,X-ray diffraction(XRD),Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy(EDX),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC),etc.It is shown that the assynthesized hollow strontium carbonate pompons with the size of about 2μm consist of flake-like particles under the optimal reaction conditions.The formation mechanism of hollow strontium carbonate pompons was preliminarily explored.

Improvement of Cemented Gangue Backfill Material with Barium Hydroxide in Acid Mine Water

As a kind of green concrete,the mechanical properties and durability of cemented gangue backfill material(CGBM)will be affected if they are in acid mine water with sulfate ions in the long term.To improve the performance of CGBM in acid mine water with sulfate ions,CGBM specimens with different doses of barium hydroxide were immersed in sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations for 270 days.The changes of mass,ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV)and compressive strength of the specimens at different ages were analyzed.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were used to analyze the microstructure and composition of the specimens.The results show that incorporation of barium hydroxide into CGBM specimen can promote the formation of barium sulfate precipitation and inhibit the generation of corrosion products such as ettringite.Meanwhile,barium sulfate precipitation blocks the pore channel invaded by sulfuric acid solution,delaying the progress of corrosion reaction and making the interior of CGBM specimen more complete.And the specimen with 2.0 kg/m^(3)barium hydroxide was more effective in improving performance.This study provides a basis for the ratio design of CGBM in acid mine water with sulfate ions.

饮用水中5种金属元素混合标准物质研制

以准确定值的铍、镍、钼、钡和铊5种单元素标准样品和二次纯化水为原料,制备饮用水中5种金属元素混合标准物质。采用单因素方差分析法检验均匀性、评价短期稳定性和长期稳定性,由6家实验室采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法联合定值,评定定值不确定度。结果表明,制备的饮用水中铍、镍、钼、钡和铊5种金属元素混合标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,在较极端温度下(40℃和-40℃)可稳定保存14 d,常温下可稳定保存至少12个月,联合定值结果铍质量浓度为(9.48±0.45) mg/L,镍质量浓度为(9.52±0.32) mg/L,钼质量浓度为(9.38±0.32) mg/L,钡质量浓度为(9.47±0.28) mg/L,铊质量浓度为(9.26±0.27) mg/L,可作为实验室水质监测内部质控品使用。

超重力⁃水热法制备形貌可控的钛酸锶钡粉体

零维和多维结构的钛酸锶钡(Ba_(1-x)Sr_(x)TiO_(3),BST)粉体分别具有高比表面积和高长径比的优势,为提升材料性能并扩大电子元件中原材料的工业化应用,改善粉体制备过程中分布不均、耗时长的问题,采用撞击流-旋转填料床(IS-RPB)结合水热法制备了添加丙三醇的BST粉体,考察了水热温度、水热时间及丙三醇添加量等因素对BST粉体形貌的影响规律。结合X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对BST粉体的形貌、晶相及组成进行了表征分析。结果表明:在超重力因子为40、撞击初速度10.61m/s、水热温度180℃、水热时间12h的条件下,当添加少量丙三醇时,其充当分散剂的作用,所制得的BST粉体为均匀性与分散性良好的纳米球形颗粒;当添加较多丙三醇时,其充当溶剂的作用,在水热条件下沿单元晶面生长得到了片状及花状形貌。本文提出的超重力-水热法及丙三醇的添加对于工业化形貌可控制备BST粉体探索提供了一种方便快捷的途径。

南海北部水合物区HD109站位沉积物及孔隙水特征对甲烷渗漏的响应:来自元素和钡同位素的记录

甲烷渗漏活动及甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)不仅导致特定自生矿物的形成,更会引起沉积物-孔隙水体系中元素和同位素组成的变化。本研究对南海北部水合物赋存区HD109站位开展了沉积物-孔隙水的Ba同位素及微量元素特征研究,综合分析了沉积物-孔隙水的氧化还原敏感元素(Mo、U)、Ba及Ba同位素特征对古今硫酸盐-甲烷转换带(SMTZ)及甲烷渗漏事件的指示。HD109站位孔隙水元素变化特征显示了清晰的地球化学分带,由上至下包括Fe-Mn还原带、硫酸盐还原带和硫酸盐-甲烷过渡带。沉积物Ba元素特征显示现今SMTZ上方有较为明显的钡峰(Ba/Al高值)发育,沉积物浅部Mo、U富集层位及相邻层位Ba/Al值特征综合指示了浅部古钡峰及古SMTZ的存在,代表沉积历史上甲烷渗漏通量较高事件。孔隙水δ^(138/134)Ba值普遍高于海洋颗粒钡及碎屑钡的δ^(138/134)Ba值,反映了沉积物中成岩重晶石溶解的贡献,其中,现代钡峰附近孔隙水具有明显的δ^(138/134)Ba峰值,显示孔隙水δ^(138/134)Ba对自生重晶石沉淀过程有较显著的响应。

水培生菜中锶的迁移富集及其生理影响

目的:研究锶(Sr)在生菜中的迁移富集情况,以及Sr对生菜吸收其他主要营养元素、生菜鲜质量和叶绿素的影响,定量分析Sr在生菜组织中的分布。方法:采用水培方式培养生菜,设置1个对照组(不添加Sr)和5个Sr处理组(0.1、0.5、1、5和10 mmol/L)。使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)检测生菜茎叶和根组织中Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na、P、S和Sr元素的含量,采用叶绿素测定仪检测生菜的叶绿素相对含量,扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱仪(SEM-EDX)分析生菜叶片和根部组织细胞中Sr的分布。结果:生菜茎叶中的Ca、S、Sr和根中Sr的质量分数在不同浓度Sr处理组间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在5和10 mmol/L Sr处理下,S的迁移系数(TF)低于对照组(P<0.05);随Sr处理浓度的增加,Sr的TF值降低。5和10 mmol/L Sr处理下,水培液中S的浓度与对照组相比显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,5和10 mmol/L Sr处理下生菜的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生菜组织中Sr的质量百分比分布大致为:叶表保卫细胞>表皮,叶横切面叶肉≈表皮,根横切面表皮>中柱鞘>韧皮部。结论:Sr在生菜根部的质量分数大于茎叶部分;Sr处理浓度的增加,使得从生菜根部向叶片迁移的Sr占比降低,并且生菜根部S的质量百分比增加,叶片的SPAD值增加;生菜根部吸收的Sr主要固定在根部的表皮。

改性活性炭对重碳酸矿泉水中镍、钡的吸附研究

以五大连池南饮泉重碳酸矿泉水为对象,通过活性炭改性、重金属吸附技术筛选降低矿泉水中镍和钡含量的方法,考察该方法下不同实验条件对两者去除率影响,以确定改性活性炭对镍、钡吸附的最佳条件。结果表明:硝酸改性可提高活性炭吸附镍、钡能力;通过硝酸改性以后,活性炭投入量和吸附时间对镍、钡去除率的影响显著(P<0.05);投入量45 g,吸附时间210 min,吸附温度10℃时,改性活性炭可将矿泉水中镍含量降低至4.22μg/L,去除率达93.49%;钡含量降低至60μg/L,去除率达78.02%。

硝态氮诱导细胞分裂素强化燕麦锶富集机制的研究

为探明硝态氮对燕麦锶富集能力的影响,以燕麦内蒙科艺1号为试验材料,采用土培盆栽试验,施加3个水平的金属锶(0、400和800 mg·kg^(-1))和两个水平的硝态氮(0和100 mmol·L^(-1))处理,在硝态氮处理30 d后,研究硝态氮在锶污染条件下对燕麦锶的富集和分布特征,生长指标以及叶片细胞分裂素浓度的影响。结果表明:1)燕麦幼苗的干重随着锶浓度的升高呈现降低的趋势,硝态氮缓解了金属锶对燕麦生长的抑制作用;2)燕麦富集锶的能力表现为根>叶>茎,硝态氮促进了燕麦对锶的富集作用,提高了燕麦对锶的转运系数;3)细胞分裂素含量随着硝态氮施加浓度增加而增加。细胞分裂素含量与转运系数呈正相关。综上所述,燕麦根部富集锶的能力最强;硝态氮可以诱导燕麦中细胞分裂素含量增加,促进其对锶的抗性。此研究可为强化植物修复锶污染土壤的研究提供理论依据。

静电纺钛酸钡纳米纤维压电纳米发电机的研究进展

压电纳米发电机作为满足可穿戴电子设备绿色和可持续能源需求的关键技术,已经吸引了广泛的研究兴趣。专注于静电纺钛酸钡(BaTiO3)纳米纤维在这一领域的应用研究。首先介绍了静电纺BaTiO3纳米纤维的制备流程以及纤维的结构特征。接着,讨论了BaTiO3纳米纤维压电纳米发电机的应用研究,展示了这些材料在能量转换和收集方面的巨大潜力。特别地,还探讨了如何通过不同的技术手段,如纳米纤维的定向排列和导电材料的添加,来优化这些发电机的性能。这些研究不仅提供了有关BaTiO_(3)纳米纤维制备的深入见解,还阐明了其在未来可穿戴设备和能量收集应用中的重要作用,展现出在智能材料和可持续能源技术领域的广泛应用前景。

宁夏香山群徐家圈组顶部薄层石灰岩锶同位素与局限海盆地分析

宁夏香山群主体为一套深水浊流沉积的灰绿色细砂岩夹泥岩,在鄂尔多斯盆地西缘及河西走廊地区下古生界占有重要的位置,其时代归属对于北祁连地区大地构造演化、宁夏区域地质和鄂尔多斯盆地西缘海相深水油气勘探均具有重要意义。本文采用沉积学和沉积地球化学的方法,着重分析了香山群徐家圈组顶部薄层石灰岩锶同位素的特征,结果表明:①薄层石灰岩受成岩蚀变程度较小,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr值基本可代表沉积时海水的特征;②^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr值在0.71057~0.71356之间,平均值为0.71189,远大于寒武纪和奥陶纪海水^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr值;③^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr值和盐度呈较好的负线性相关,和温度及Mn/Sr比值呈较好的正线性相关;④^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr值和Si含量略具负线性相关趋势,和Al含量及Mg含量具有较弱的负线性相关性。结合鄂尔多斯盆地西缘早古生代大地构造演化和香山群相关研究成果认为:徐家圈组顶部薄层石灰岩可能沉积于受古陆或水下隆起阻隔的局限海盆深水环境,沉积时海水主要受和硅铝质岩石进行充分锶同位素交换的海底热液及流经喀斯特风化壳的地表径流影响,与同期大洋海水相比具有高的^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr值.

共掺La^(3+)和过量Sr^(2+)对荧光粉Sr_(1.96)Eu_(0.04)SiO_4发光性质的影响

采用高温固相法制备了荧光粉Sr_(1.96-x)Eu_(0.04)SiO_(4)∶xLa^(3+)(x=0、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05)和Sr_(1.94+y)Eu_(0.04)La_(0.02)SiO_(4)∶ySr^(2+)(y=0、0.05、0.10、0.20、0.30).使用X射线粉末衍射仪、荧光分光光度计表征了荧光粉的物质结构和发光性质.结果表明:荧光粉的XRD均与Sr_(2)SiO_(4)标准卡片PDF 39-1256对应,没有杂质相产生.荧光粉Sr_(1.96)Eu_(0.04)SiO_(4)中掺入La^(3+)能增强其发光强度,且发射峰的位置不变.当La^(3+)掺杂量为2%(摩尔分数)时,荧光粉Sr_(1.94)Eu_(0.04)La_(0.02)SiO_(4)的发光强度最强.在Sr_(1.94)Eu_(0.04)La_(0.02)SiO_(4)中掺入一系列过量浓度Sr^(2+),能增强其发光强度,且不改变发射峰的位置和形状.当Sr^(2+)过量10%时,荧光粉的发光强度最强.荧光粉的宽带发射光谱可以拟合为2个独立的发射峰,对应Eu^(2+)的4f~65d~1→4f~7跃迁,2个发射峰的强度随着通气量的增大有规律变化,使得荧光粉的发光颜色从绿光区过渡到黄光区.

邢窑六世纪晚期制瓷原料的同位素和微量元素分析

白瓷的出现是我国陶瓷历史上较为重要的技术突破,白瓷的烧制成功为后世青花瓷、彩绘瓷的繁荣奠定了重要基础,被誉为中国古陶瓷工艺发展史中的“第四里程碑”。因此,关于白瓷起源的问题就成为考古界和科技考古界关注的重要学术问题,而邢窑2012年考古发掘出土的北朝晚期窑炉和器物遗存自然成为研究白瓷起源的重要实物资料。本研究利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和热电离质谱(TIMS)分析技术,对河北内丘城关服务楼窑址出土的北朝晚期至隋朝初期的早期瓷器样品胎釉原料进行分析,为邢窑早期瓷业的发展演变提供科学依据。结果表明邢窑早期瓷胎的微量元素统计模式明显可以分为两类,说明邢窑早期制瓷存在两种不同的胎料来源。邢窑陶工在开发早期白瓷这一新品种的过程中有意识地选择了一种有别于青瓷的更为优质的原料制胎,这种胎料中与锆石、锐钛矿等杂质赋存密切相关的V、Cr、Ni、Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf等微量元素含量普遍小于青瓷胎。锶(Sr)同位素混合模式分析表明,邢窑早期的大部分样品不符合草木灰配以胎料的制釉方式,应该是采用了草木灰混合其他制釉黏土。同时,早期白瓷釉与青瓷釉的锶同位素特征存在一定差异,说明在制作过程中邢窑陶工为了提高釉面白度对制釉工艺也进行了变革,体现了为创烧早期白瓷而做出的努力。这些结果为科学认知邢窑六世纪晚期制瓷原料的特点和来源提供依据,同时也为破解白瓷起源提供新的科技支撑。