The development and utilization of renewable clean energy can effectively solve the two major problems of energy and environment. As an efficient power generation device that converts hydrogen energy into electric ene...The development and utilization of renewable clean energy can effectively solve the two major problems of energy and environment. As an efficient power generation device that converts hydrogen energy into electric energy, fuel cell has attracted more and more attention. For fuel cells, the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at the cathode is the core reaction, and the design and development of high-performance ORR catalysts remain quite challenging. Since the microenvironment of the active center of single atom catalysts(SACs) has an important influence on its catalytic performance, it has been a research focus to improve the ORR activity and stability of electrocatalysts by adjusting the structure of the active center through reasonable structural regulation methods. In this review, we reviewed the preparation and structure–activity relationship of SACs for ORR. Then, the structural precision regulation methods for improving the activity and stability of ORR electrocatalysts are discussed. And the advanced in-situ characterization techniques for revealing the changes of active sites in the electrocatalytic ORR process are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future design directions of SACs for ORR are discussed. This work will provide important reference value for the design and synthesis of SACs with high activity and stability for ORR.展开更多
The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity...The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity and flexible electronic structure.Herein,density functional theory simulations were addressed to predict the electronic structure regulations of CoFc-MOF by nickel doping,which demonstrated that the well-proposed CoNiFc-MOFs delivered a small energy barrier,promoted conductivity,and well-regulated d-band center.Inspired by these,a series of sea-urchin-like CoNiFc-MOFs were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method.Moreover,the synchrotron X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements manifested that the introduction of nickel could tailor the electronic structure of the catalyst and induce the directional transfer of electrons,thus optimizing the rate-determining step of^(*)O→^(*)OOH during the OER process and yielding decent overpotentials of 209 and 252 mV at 10 and 200 mA cm^(−2),respectively,with a small Tafel slope of 39 mV dec^(−1).This work presents a new paradigm for developing highly efficient and durable MOF-based electrocatalysts for OER.展开更多
Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silic...Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silicate hydroxide[Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)]is vertically grown on a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)support(CNS@rGO).This is developed as a low-cost and prospective OER catalyst.Compared to cobalt or nickel silicate hydroxide@rGO(CS@rGO and NS@rGO,respectively)nanoarrays,the bimetal CNS@rGO nanoarray exhibits impressive OER performance with an overpotential of 307 mV@10 mA cm^(-2).This value is higher than that of CS@rGO and NS@rGO.The CNS@rGO nanoarray has an overpotential of 446 mV@100 mA cm^(-2),about 1.4 times that of the commercial RuO_(2)electrocatalyst.The achieved OER activity is superior to the state-of-the-art metal oxides/hydroxides and their derivatives.The vertically grown nanostructure and optimized metal-support electronic interactions play an indispensable role for OER performance improvement,including a fast electron transfer pathway,short proton/electron diffusion distance,more active metal centers,as well as optimized dualatomic electron density.Taking advantage of interlay chemical regulation and the in-situ growth method,the advanced-structural CNS@rGO nanoarrays provide a new horizon to the rational and flexible design of efficient and promising OER electrocatalysts.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2) RR)has significant relevance to settle the global energy crisis and abnormal climate problem via mitigating the excess emission of waste CO_(2) and producing high-val...Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2) RR)has significant relevance to settle the global energy crisis and abnormal climate problem via mitigating the excess emission of waste CO_(2) and producing high-value-added chemicals.Currently,eCO_(2) RR to formic acid or formate is one of the most technologically and economically viable approaches to realize high-efficiency CO_(2) utilization,and the development of efficient electrocatalysts is very urgent to achieve efficient and stable catalytic performance.In this review,the recent advances for two-dimensional bismuth-based nanosheets(2D Bi-based NSs)electrocatalysts are concluded from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.Firstly,the preparation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs in aspects to precisely control the thickness and uniformity are summarized.In addition,the electronic regulation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs are highlighted to gain insight into the effects of the structure-property relationship on facilitating CO_(2) activation,improving product selectivity,and optimizing carrier transport dynamics.Finally,the considerable challenges and opportunities of 2D Bi-based NSs are discussed to lighten new directions for future research of eCO_(2) RR.展开更多
Metallic clusters,ranging from 1 to 2 nm in size,have emerged as promising candidates for creating nanoelectronic devices at the single-cluster level.With the intermediate quantum properties between metals and semicon...Metallic clusters,ranging from 1 to 2 nm in size,have emerged as promising candidates for creating nanoelectronic devices at the single-cluster level.With the intermediate quantum properties between metals and semiconductors,these metallic clusters offer an alternative pathway to silicon-based electronics and organic molecules for miniaturized electronics with dimensions below 5 nm.Significant progress has been made in studies of single-cluster electronic devices.However,a clear guide for selecting,synthesizing,and fabricating functional single-cluster electronic devices is still required.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of single-cluster electronic devices,including the mechanisms of electron transport,the fabrication of devices,and the regulations of electron transport properties.Furthermore,we discuss the challenges and future directions for single-cluster electronic devices and their potential applications.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted significant attentions as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.Here carbon materials are considered as the most competiti...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted significant attentions as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.Here carbon materials are considered as the most competitive anodes for SIBs based on their low-cost,abundant availability and excellent structural stability.Pitch,with high carbon content and low cost,is an ideal raw precursor to prepare carbon materials for large-scale applications.Nevertheless,the microstructures of pitch-based carbon are highly ordered with smaller interlayer distances,which are unfavorable for Na ion storage.Many efforts have been made to improve the sodium storage performance of pitch-based carbon materials.This review summarizes the recent progress about the application of pitch-based carbons for SIBs anodes in the context of carbon’s morphology and structure regulation strategies,including morphology adjustment,heteroatoms doping,fabricating heterostructures,and the increase of the degree of disorder.Besides,the advantages,present challenges,and possible solutions to current issues in pitch-based carbon anode are discussed,with the highlight of future research directions.This review will provide a deep insight into the development of low-cost and high-performance pitch-based carbon anode for SIBs.展开更多
Layered materials with two-dimensional ion diffusion channels and fast kinetics are attractive as cathode materials for secondary batteries.However,one main challenge in potassium-ion batteries is the large ion size o...Layered materials with two-dimensional ion diffusion channels and fast kinetics are attractive as cathode materials for secondary batteries.However,one main challenge in potassium-ion batteries is the large ion size of K^(+),along with the strong K^(+)-K^(+)electrostatic repulsion.This strong interaction results in initial K deficiency,greater voltage slope,and lower specific capacity between set voltage ranges for layered transition metal oxides.In this review,a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in layered cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries is presented.Except for layered transition metal oxides,some polyanionic compounds,chalcogenides,and organic materials with the layered structure are introduced separately.Furthermore,summary and personal perspectives on future optimization and structural design of layered cathode materials are constructively discussed.We strongly appeal to the further exploration of layered polyanionic compounds and have demonstrated a series of novel layered structures including layered K_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3).展开更多
The title compound 1-(3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(3) was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(1) and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine(2) with eq...The title compound 1-(3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(3) was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(1) and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine(2) with equal amount of K_2CO_3 as acid acceptor. The structure of compound 3 was characterized by ~1H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 5.7227(8), b = 27.924(4), c = 6.2282(7) ?, β = 101.892(11)°, V = 973.9(2) ?~3, Z = 4, T = 180.00(10) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.087 mm^(-1), Dc = 1.243 g/cm^3, 3832 reflections measured(3.648≤θ≤26.022°), 1916 unique reflections(Rint = 0.0359, Rsigma = 0.0572) used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0557(I 〉 2σ(I)) and w R = 0.1276(all data). Bioassay showed that 3 displayed excellent activity as plant growth regulator with inducing lateral root formation and enhancing primary root elongation at 0.27 mmol/L(50 ppm) in soybeen(He Feng-50). Good water solubility was found with 50 mg in 1 m L of water. Therefore, application of 3 in agriculture is more environmentally friendly due to cosolvent-free condition, and results in improved abiotic-stress tolerance by affecting the root growth. And furthermore, it can be used as a precursor to investigate the function of regulating plant root growth.展开更多
The catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is considered a feasible method for VOCs treatment by virtue of its low technical cost,high economic efficiency,and low additionally produced pollutants,which...The catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is considered a feasible method for VOCs treatment by virtue of its low technical cost,high economic efficiency,and low additionally produced pollutants,which is of important social value.Singleatom catalysts(SACs)with 100%atom utilization and uniform active sites usually have high activity and high product selectivity,and promise a broad range of applications.Precise regulation of the microstructures of SACs by means of defect engineering,interface engineering,and electronic effects can further improve the catalytic performance of VOCs oxidation.In this review,we introduce the mechanisms of VOCs oxidation,and systematically summarize the recent research progress of SACs in catalytic VOCs total oxidation into CO_(2)and H_(2)O,and then discuss the effects of various structural regulation strategies on the catalytic performance.Finally,we summarize the current problems yet to be solved and challenges currently faced in this field,and propose future design and research ideas for SACs in catalytic oxidation of VOCs.展开更多
The development of low-cost, efficient, and high atomic economy electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in the entire p H range for sustainable hydrogen production is of great importance but still challe...The development of low-cost, efficient, and high atomic economy electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in the entire p H range for sustainable hydrogen production is of great importance but still challenging. Herein, we synthesize a highly dispersed N-doped carbon frames(NCFs) anchored with Co single atoms(SAs) and Co nanoparticles(NPs) catalyst by a doping-adsorption-pyrolysis strategy for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The Co SAs-Co NPs/NCFs catalyst exhibits an excellent HER activity with small overpotential, low Tafel slope, high turnover frequency as well as remarkable stability. It also exhibits a superior HER performance in the entire p H range. Combining with experimental and theoretical calculation, we find that Co SAs with Co-N_(3) coordination structure and Co NPs have a strong interaction for promoting synergistic HER electrocatalytic process. The H_(2)O molecule is easily activated and dissociated on Co NPs, while the generated H^(*) is easily adsorbed on Co SAs for HER, which makes the Co SAs-Co NPs/NCFs catalyst exhibit more suitable H adsorption strength and more conducive to the activation and dissociation of H_(2)O molecules. This work not only proposes a novel idea for constructing coupling catalyst with atomic-level precision, but also provides strong reference for the development of high-efficiency HER electrocatalysts for practical application.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is considered an efficient way to convert CO_(2)into high-value-added chemicals,and thus is of significant social and economic value.Metal single-atomic site catalyst...Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is considered an efficient way to convert CO_(2)into high-value-added chemicals,and thus is of significant social and economic value.Metal single-atomic site catalysts(SASCs)generally have excellent selectivity because of their 100%atomic utilization and uniform structure of active sites,and thus promise a broad range of applications.However,SASCs still face challenges such as low intrinsic activity and low density of active sites.Precise regulation of the microstructures of SASCs is an effective method to improve their CO_(2)RR performance and to obtain deep reduction products.In this article,we systematically summarize the current research status of SASCs developed for highly efficient catalysis of CO_(2)RR,discuss the various structural regulation methods for enhanced activity and selectivity of SASCs for CO_(2)RR,and review the application of in-situ characterization technologies in the SASC-catalyzed CO_(2)RR.We then discuss the problems yet to be solved in this area,and propose the future directions of the research on the design and application of SASCs for CO_(2)RR.展开更多
Two series of three dimensional(3D)lanthanide metal-organic frameworks(LnMOFs)of[Ln(tftpa)1.5(phen)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(Ln=Sm 1a,Eu 1b,Tb 1c,Dy 1d,H2tftpa=tetrafluoroterephthalic acid,phen=1,10-phenanthrolin)and[Ln(tftpa)1.5...Two series of three dimensional(3D)lanthanide metal-organic frameworks(LnMOFs)of[Ln(tftpa)1.5(phen)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(Ln=Sm 1a,Eu 1b,Tb 1c,Dy 1d,H2tftpa=tetrafluoroterephthalic acid,phen=1,10-phenanthrolin)and[Ln(tftpa)1.5(bpy)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(Ln=Sm 2a,Eu 2b,Tb 2c,Dy 2d,bpy=2,2'-bipyridine)are obtained by structural regulation.Results reveal that the 3D LnMOFs show high water-and thermal-stability.Interestingly,through selecting the perfluorinated ligand,and using bpy as an auxiliary ligand to hold back the solvents near to the lanthanide ions,2b,and 2c show high luminescence quantum yield(QY)of 74.50%and 60.03%,respectively.In order to further improve the luminescence QY,the auxiliary ligand of phen with larger conjugation and more rigid structure is synthesized to replace bpy,and fortunately,higher luminescence QY of 80.73%(1b)and 75.17%(1c)are realized.展开更多
Poor conductivity and sluggish Na^(+) diffusion kinetic are two major drawbacks for practical application of sodium super-ionic conductor(NASICON) in sodium-ion batteries. In this work, we report a simple approach to ...Poor conductivity and sluggish Na^(+) diffusion kinetic are two major drawbacks for practical application of sodium super-ionic conductor(NASICON) in sodium-ion batteries. In this work, we report a simple approach to synthesize quasi-inverse opal structural NASICON/N-doped carbon for the first time by a delicate one-pot solution-freeze drying-calcination process, aiming at fostering the overall electrochemical performance. Especially, the quasi-inverse opal structural Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/N-C(Q-NVP/N-C) displayed continuous pores, which provides interconnected channels for electrolyte permeation and abundant contacting interfaces between electrolyte and materials, resulting in faster kinetics of redox reaction and higher proportion of capacitive behavior.As a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, the Q-NVP/N-C exhibits high specific capacity of 115 mAh·g^(-1) at 1C, still 61 mAh·g^(-1) at ultra-high current density of 100C,and a specific capacity of 89.7mAh·g^(-1) after 2000 cycles at 20C.This work displays the general validity of preparation method for not only Q-NVP/N-C,but also Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),which provides a prospect for delicate synthesis of NASICON materials with excellent electrochemical performance.展开更多
Environmental degradation has promoted the exploitation of novel energy-storage devices.Electrochemical en-ergy technologies,including supercapacitors and aqueous batteries,are highly desirable for energy storage appl...Environmental degradation has promoted the exploitation of novel energy-storage devices.Electrochemical en-ergy technologies,including supercapacitors and aqueous batteries,are highly desirable for energy storage appli-cations.Among them,aqueous zinc-based batteries(AZBs)are highly valued because of their inherent safety and low cost.One class of emerging materials favorably employed in these devices are organic cathodes,featuring resource renewability,cost-effectiveness,and adjustable electrochemical properties via facile structural modi-fication compared to the conventional inorganic cathodes.To date,various types of organic compounds have been developed and applied to AZBs.This paper comprehensively reviews the mechanisms involved in organic electrode material reactions,highlighting the structural modifications,including morphological,molecular,func-tional group,crystal,and electronic structures,affecting the final device performance.Conclusively,the prospects of practical applications of zinc/organic aqueous battery are delineated.展开更多
TiO_(2)is a promising photocatalyst due to its high thermodynamic stability and non-toxicity.However,its applications have been still limited because of the high recombination rate of electron-hole pairs.Herein,we sho...TiO_(2)is a promising photocatalyst due to its high thermodynamic stability and non-toxicity.However,its applications have been still limited because of the high recombination rate of electron-hole pairs.Herein,we show that by combining heterojunction construction and electronic structure regulation,the electron-hole pairs in TiO_(2)can be effectively separated for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.The optimized Cu_(7)S_(4)nanosheet decorated TiO_(2)achieves much enhanced H_(2)evolution rate(11.5 mmol·g−1·h−1),which is 13.8 and 4.2 times of that of TiO_(2)and Cu_(7)S_(4)/TiO_(2),respectively.The results of photoluminescence spectroscopy,transient photocurrent spectra,ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy collectively demonstrate that the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Air-Cu_(7)S_(4)/TiO_(2)is attributed to the effective separation of charge carriers and widened photoresponse range.The electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the increase of Cu2+in the Cu_(7)S_(4)nanosheet after calcination can promote the charge transfer.This work provides an effective method to improve the electron migration rate and charge separation of TiO_(2),which holds great significance for being extended to other material systems and beyond.展开更多
Regulating the coordination environment of transition-metal based materials in the axial direction with heteroatoms has shown great potential in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).The coordination configurati...Regulating the coordination environment of transition-metal based materials in the axial direction with heteroatoms has shown great potential in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).The coordination configuration and the regulation method are pivotal and elusive.Here,we report a combined strategy of matrix-activization and controlled-induction to modify the CoN_(4)site by axial coordination of Co-S(Co1N_(4)-S_(1)),which was validated by the aberration-corrected electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.The optimal Co1N_(4)-S_(1)exhibits an excellent alkaline ORR activity,according to the half-wave potential(0.897 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)),Tafel slope(24.67 mV/dec),and kinetic current density.Moreover,the Co1N_(4)-S_(1)based Zn-air battery displays a high power density of 187.55 mW/cm^(2)and an outstanding charge-discharge cycling stability for 160 h,demonstrating the promising application potential.Theoretical calculations indicate that the better regulation of CoN_(4)on electronic structure and thus the highly efficient ORR performance can be achieved by axial Co-S.展开更多
Highly efficient and stable oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts are remarkably important but challenging for advancing the large-scale commercialization of practical proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMF...Highly efficient and stable oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts are remarkably important but challenging for advancing the large-scale commercialization of practical proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).In this work,we report that the introduction of interstitial hydrogen atoms into PtPd nanotubes can significantly promote ORR performance without scarifying the durability.The enhanced mass activity was 8.8 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C.The accelerated durability test showed negligible activity attenuation after 30,000 cycles.Additionally,H2/O2 fuel cell tests further verified the excellent activity of PtPd-H nanotubes with a maximum power density of 1.32 W·cm^(−2),superior to that of commercial Pt/C(1.16 W·cm^(−2)).Density functional theory calculations demonstrated the incorporation of hydrogen atoms gives rise to the broadening of Pt d-band and the downshift of d-band center,which consequently leads to the weaker intermediates binding and enhanced ORR activity.展开更多
The increasingly severe electromagnetic microwave pollution raises higher requirements for the development of efficient microwave absorption(MA)materials.Metal sulfides are regarded as potential robust MA materials be...The increasingly severe electromagnetic microwave pollution raises higher requirements for the development of efficient microwave absorption(MA)materials.Metal sulfides are regarded as potential robust MA materials because of their unique optical,thermal,electrical,and magnetic properties,as well as the controllable microstructures.However,due to the limited MA performances of unary metal sulfides,morphology regulations and foreign materials hybridizations are adopted as effective strategies to improve their MA performances.Recent years witnessed the fast research progresses on the metal sulfides based MA materials and thus,a systematic literature survey on the materials design,fabrication,characterizations,MA behaviors,and the mechanisms behind is,highly desirable to summarize the rapid progress of this hot research area so as to provide guidance for the future development trend.This review firstly reviewed the research background,research progress,and basic principles of MA materials.Subsequently,the present synthetic methods and performance improvement strategies of metal sulfides based MA materials are systematically introduced.Then,by comparing the MA properties of one-dimensional,two-dimensional,and three-dimensional metal sulfides based composites,the influence of dimensionality and morphology on the MA properties are analyzed.By summarizing the research process of metal sulfides/dielectrics composites,metal sulfides/magnets composites,and metal sulfides/dielectrics/magnets composites MA materials,the influence of foreign materials hybridizations on the loss mechanisms and impedance matching conditions of metal sulfides based composites are revealed.Finally,the challenges and development prospects of metal sulfides based MA materials are presented.This review would provide a comprehensive understanding and insightful guidance for the exploration and development of efficient MA materials with thin thickness,light weight,wide absorption bandwidth,and strong absorption intensity.展开更多
Nowadays, the yearning for microwave absorption materials(MAMs) are more and more urgent for dealing with the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution and the demand of modern military security.Among potential c...Nowadays, the yearning for microwave absorption materials(MAMs) are more and more urgent for dealing with the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution and the demand of modern military security.Among potential candidates, the graphene(GE) based magnetic hybrids have advantages in structural controllable and designing flexibility, providing opportunities for achieving highly efficiency of microwave absorption(MA). Thus, the structural regulation and MA performances of GE-based magnetic hybrids arouse great attention in related fields. In this review, we summarize the recently progress in MA performance of GE-based magnetic hybrids. Typical absorption process and corresponding mechanism are firstly introduced, for guiding the design of GE-based magnetic MAMs. Then, the magnetic components, synthesis methods, structural features and regulation strategies of these GE-related magnetic materials are reviewed, and their influences on MA performances have also been discussed. Challenges, and prospects of the GE-based magnetic MAMs are suggested. This review provides a brief but systematic introduction to GE-based magnetic MAMs, which may pave the way for the design of MAMs with highly efficient MA performances.展开更多
Nanoporous metals have received significant attention as a new class of structural and functional materials.However,the macroscopic brittle fracture under the tensile test is an impediment to their practical applicati...Nanoporous metals have received significant attention as a new class of structural and functional materials.However,the macroscopic brittle fracture under the tensile test is an impediment to their practical applications.Thus,it is of central importance to develop nanoporous materials with low cost and high tensile ductility.Herein,a nanoporous Cu film supported on a pure Cu substrate(NPC@Cu)was fabricated by utilizing a liquid Ga assisted alloying-dealloying strategy,and the thickness of NPC film can be precisely regulated by changing the mass loading of liquid Ga.In-situ X-ray diffraction was performed to further explore the alloying/dealloying mechanisms.The NPC@Cu films show good tensile mechanical properties with a minimum elongation of 13.5%,which can be attributed to the good interface bonding and certain modulus matching between the nanoporous Cu layer and the Cu substrate.Our findings demonstrate that the design of film-substrate structure provides a feasible strategy for enhancing the mechanical properties of nanoporous metals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22108306)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.tsqn201909065)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZR2021YQ15,ZR2020QB174)。
文摘The development and utilization of renewable clean energy can effectively solve the two major problems of energy and environment. As an efficient power generation device that converts hydrogen energy into electric energy, fuel cell has attracted more and more attention. For fuel cells, the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) at the cathode is the core reaction, and the design and development of high-performance ORR catalysts remain quite challenging. Since the microenvironment of the active center of single atom catalysts(SACs) has an important influence on its catalytic performance, it has been a research focus to improve the ORR activity and stability of electrocatalysts by adjusting the structure of the active center through reasonable structural regulation methods. In this review, we reviewed the preparation and structure–activity relationship of SACs for ORR. Then, the structural precision regulation methods for improving the activity and stability of ORR electrocatalysts are discussed. And the advanced in-situ characterization techniques for revealing the changes of active sites in the electrocatalytic ORR process are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future design directions of SACs for ORR are discussed. This work will provide important reference value for the design and synthesis of SACs with high activity and stability for ORR.
基金Changjiang Scholars Program of the Ministry of Education,Grant/Award Number:Q2018270Outstanding Youth Funding of Anhui Province,Grant/Award Number:OUFAH 1908085J10+2 种基金Jiangsu Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,Grant/Award Number:202111117079YNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BK20200044National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:NSFC 21671004,NSFC 21975001,NSFC U1904215。
文摘The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity and flexible electronic structure.Herein,density functional theory simulations were addressed to predict the electronic structure regulations of CoFc-MOF by nickel doping,which demonstrated that the well-proposed CoNiFc-MOFs delivered a small energy barrier,promoted conductivity,and well-regulated d-band center.Inspired by these,a series of sea-urchin-like CoNiFc-MOFs were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method.Moreover,the synchrotron X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements manifested that the introduction of nickel could tailor the electronic structure of the catalyst and induce the directional transfer of electrons,thus optimizing the rate-determining step of^(*)O→^(*)OOH during the OER process and yielding decent overpotentials of 209 and 252 mV at 10 and 200 mA cm^(−2),respectively,with a small Tafel slope of 39 mV dec^(−1).This work presents a new paradigm for developing highly efficient and durable MOF-based electrocatalysts for OER.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT21LK34)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-MS-113).
文摘Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silicate hydroxide[Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)]is vertically grown on a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)support(CNS@rGO).This is developed as a low-cost and prospective OER catalyst.Compared to cobalt or nickel silicate hydroxide@rGO(CS@rGO and NS@rGO,respectively)nanoarrays,the bimetal CNS@rGO nanoarray exhibits impressive OER performance with an overpotential of 307 mV@10 mA cm^(-2).This value is higher than that of CS@rGO and NS@rGO.The CNS@rGO nanoarray has an overpotential of 446 mV@100 mA cm^(-2),about 1.4 times that of the commercial RuO_(2)electrocatalyst.The achieved OER activity is superior to the state-of-the-art metal oxides/hydroxides and their derivatives.The vertically grown nanostructure and optimized metal-support electronic interactions play an indispensable role for OER performance improvement,including a fast electron transfer pathway,short proton/electron diffusion distance,more active metal centers,as well as optimized dualatomic electron density.Taking advantage of interlay chemical regulation and the in-situ growth method,the advanced-structural CNS@rGO nanoarrays provide a new horizon to the rational and flexible design of efficient and promising OER electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(222RC548)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(22109034,22109035,52164028,62105083,21805104)+3 种基金the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province(KFKT2021007)the Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)-20008,20082,20083,20084,21065,21124,21125)the Innovative Research Projects for Graduate Students of Hainan Province(Qhyb2022-89,Qhys2022-174)the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha,China and the Specific Research Fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province.
文摘Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2) RR)has significant relevance to settle the global energy crisis and abnormal climate problem via mitigating the excess emission of waste CO_(2) and producing high-value-added chemicals.Currently,eCO_(2) RR to formic acid or formate is one of the most technologically and economically viable approaches to realize high-efficiency CO_(2) utilization,and the development of efficient electrocatalysts is very urgent to achieve efficient and stable catalytic performance.In this review,the recent advances for two-dimensional bismuth-based nanosheets(2D Bi-based NSs)electrocatalysts are concluded from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.Firstly,the preparation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs in aspects to precisely control the thickness and uniformity are summarized.In addition,the electronic regulation strategies of 2D Bi-based NSs are highlighted to gain insight into the effects of the structure-property relationship on facilitating CO_(2) activation,improving product selectivity,and optimizing carrier transport dynamics.Finally,the considerable challenges and opportunities of 2D Bi-based NSs are discussed to lighten new directions for future research of eCO_(2) RR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22250003,22173075,21933012,and 22003052)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.20720220020,20720220072,and 20720200068).
文摘Metallic clusters,ranging from 1 to 2 nm in size,have emerged as promising candidates for creating nanoelectronic devices at the single-cluster level.With the intermediate quantum properties between metals and semiconductors,these metallic clusters offer an alternative pathway to silicon-based electronics and organic molecules for miniaturized electronics with dimensions below 5 nm.Significant progress has been made in studies of single-cluster electronic devices.However,a clear guide for selecting,synthesizing,and fabricating functional single-cluster electronic devices is still required.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of single-cluster electronic devices,including the mechanisms of electron transport,the fabrication of devices,and the regulations of electron transport properties.Furthermore,we discuss the challenges and future directions for single-cluster electronic devices and their potential applications.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.Z181100004718007)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0102204)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted significant attentions as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.Here carbon materials are considered as the most competitive anodes for SIBs based on their low-cost,abundant availability and excellent structural stability.Pitch,with high carbon content and low cost,is an ideal raw precursor to prepare carbon materials for large-scale applications.Nevertheless,the microstructures of pitch-based carbon are highly ordered with smaller interlayer distances,which are unfavorable for Na ion storage.Many efforts have been made to improve the sodium storage performance of pitch-based carbon materials.This review summarizes the recent progress about the application of pitch-based carbons for SIBs anodes in the context of carbon’s morphology and structure regulation strategies,including morphology adjustment,heteroatoms doping,fabricating heterostructures,and the increase of the degree of disorder.Besides,the advantages,present challenges,and possible solutions to current issues in pitch-based carbon anode are discussed,with the highlight of future research directions.This review will provide a deep insight into the development of low-cost and high-performance pitch-based carbon anode for SIBs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20180086)
文摘Layered materials with two-dimensional ion diffusion channels and fast kinetics are attractive as cathode materials for secondary batteries.However,one main challenge in potassium-ion batteries is the large ion size of K^(+),along with the strong K^(+)-K^(+)electrostatic repulsion.This strong interaction results in initial K deficiency,greater voltage slope,and lower specific capacity between set voltage ranges for layered transition metal oxides.In this review,a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in layered cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries is presented.Except for layered transition metal oxides,some polyanionic compounds,chalcogenides,and organic materials with the layered structure are introduced separately.Furthermore,summary and personal perspectives on future optimization and structural design of layered cathode materials are constructively discussed.We strongly appeal to the further exploration of layered polyanionic compounds and have demonstrated a series of novel layered structures including layered K_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2012BAD20B04)
文摘The title compound 1-(3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(3) was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one(1) and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine(2) with equal amount of K_2CO_3 as acid acceptor. The structure of compound 3 was characterized by ~1H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 5.7227(8), b = 27.924(4), c = 6.2282(7) ?, β = 101.892(11)°, V = 973.9(2) ?~3, Z = 4, T = 180.00(10) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.087 mm^(-1), Dc = 1.243 g/cm^3, 3832 reflections measured(3.648≤θ≤26.022°), 1916 unique reflections(Rint = 0.0359, Rsigma = 0.0572) used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0557(I 〉 2σ(I)) and w R = 0.1276(all data). Bioassay showed that 3 displayed excellent activity as plant growth regulator with inducing lateral root formation and enhancing primary root elongation at 0.27 mmol/L(50 ppm) in soybeen(He Feng-50). Good water solubility was found with 50 mg in 1 m L of water. Therefore, application of 3 in agriculture is more environmentally friendly due to cosolvent-free condition, and results in improved abiotic-stress tolerance by affecting the root growth. And furthermore, it can be used as a precursor to investigate the function of regulating plant root growth.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22108306)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201909065)+4 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2021YQ15,ZR2020QB174)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22CX07009A)Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale(No.KF2021107)State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(No.KL20-09)PetroChina Innovation Foundation(No.2019D-5007-0401).
文摘The catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is considered a feasible method for VOCs treatment by virtue of its low technical cost,high economic efficiency,and low additionally produced pollutants,which is of important social value.Singleatom catalysts(SACs)with 100%atom utilization and uniform active sites usually have high activity and high product selectivity,and promise a broad range of applications.Precise regulation of the microstructures of SACs by means of defect engineering,interface engineering,and electronic effects can further improve the catalytic performance of VOCs oxidation.In this review,we introduce the mechanisms of VOCs oxidation,and systematically summarize the recent research progress of SACs in catalytic VOCs total oxidation into CO_(2)and H_(2)O,and then discuss the effects of various structural regulation strategies on the catalytic performance.Finally,we summarize the current problems yet to be solved and challenges currently faced in this field,and propose future design and research ideas for SACs in catalytic oxidation of VOCs.
基金supported by the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909065)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020QB174)+3 种基金the Petro China Innovation Foundation(2019D-5007-0401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776315,22108306)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(19CX02008A,19CX05001A)the Postgraduate Innovation Fund of China University of Petroleum(East China)(YCX2020037)。
文摘The development of low-cost, efficient, and high atomic economy electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in the entire p H range for sustainable hydrogen production is of great importance but still challenging. Herein, we synthesize a highly dispersed N-doped carbon frames(NCFs) anchored with Co single atoms(SAs) and Co nanoparticles(NPs) catalyst by a doping-adsorption-pyrolysis strategy for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The Co SAs-Co NPs/NCFs catalyst exhibits an excellent HER activity with small overpotential, low Tafel slope, high turnover frequency as well as remarkable stability. It also exhibits a superior HER performance in the entire p H range. Combining with experimental and theoretical calculation, we find that Co SAs with Co-N_(3) coordination structure and Co NPs have a strong interaction for promoting synergistic HER electrocatalytic process. The H_(2)O molecule is easily activated and dissociated on Co NPs, while the generated H^(*) is easily adsorbed on Co SAs for HER, which makes the Co SAs-Co NPs/NCFs catalyst exhibit more suitable H adsorption strength and more conducive to the activation and dissociation of H_(2)O molecules. This work not only proposes a novel idea for constructing coupling catalyst with atomic-level precision, but also provides strong reference for the development of high-efficiency HER electrocatalysts for practical application.
基金supported by Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201909065)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2021YQ15 and ZR2020QB174)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22108306)Postgraduate Innovation Fund of China University of Petroleum(East China)(No.YCX2021064)。
文摘Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is considered an efficient way to convert CO_(2)into high-value-added chemicals,and thus is of significant social and economic value.Metal single-atomic site catalysts(SASCs)generally have excellent selectivity because of their 100%atomic utilization and uniform structure of active sites,and thus promise a broad range of applications.However,SASCs still face challenges such as low intrinsic activity and low density of active sites.Precise regulation of the microstructures of SASCs is an effective method to improve their CO_(2)RR performance and to obtain deep reduction products.In this article,we systematically summarize the current research status of SASCs developed for highly efficient catalysis of CO_(2)RR,discuss the various structural regulation methods for enhanced activity and selectivity of SASCs for CO_(2)RR,and review the application of in-situ characterization technologies in the SASC-catalyzed CO_(2)RR.We then discuss the problems yet to be solved in this area,and propose the future directions of the research on the design and application of SASCs for CO_(2)RR.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51962008)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20202BABL203018)
文摘Two series of three dimensional(3D)lanthanide metal-organic frameworks(LnMOFs)of[Ln(tftpa)1.5(phen)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(Ln=Sm 1a,Eu 1b,Tb 1c,Dy 1d,H2tftpa=tetrafluoroterephthalic acid,phen=1,10-phenanthrolin)and[Ln(tftpa)1.5(bpy)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(Ln=Sm 2a,Eu 2b,Tb 2c,Dy 2d,bpy=2,2'-bipyridine)are obtained by structural regulation.Results reveal that the 3D LnMOFs show high water-and thermal-stability.Interestingly,through selecting the perfluorinated ligand,and using bpy as an auxiliary ligand to hold back the solvents near to the lanthanide ions,2b,and 2c show high luminescence quantum yield(QY)of 74.50%and 60.03%,respectively.In order to further improve the luminescence QY,the auxiliary ligand of phen with larger conjugation and more rigid structure is synthesized to replace bpy,and fortunately,higher luminescence QY of 80.73%(1b)and 75.17%(1c)are realized.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22105059 and 2210051199)the Talent Introduction Program of Hebei Agricultural University(No.YJ201810)+3 种基金Qingdao Source Innovation Project(No.19-6-2-19-cg)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QE192)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2019204009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M630747)。
文摘Poor conductivity and sluggish Na^(+) diffusion kinetic are two major drawbacks for practical application of sodium super-ionic conductor(NASICON) in sodium-ion batteries. In this work, we report a simple approach to synthesize quasi-inverse opal structural NASICON/N-doped carbon for the first time by a delicate one-pot solution-freeze drying-calcination process, aiming at fostering the overall electrochemical performance. Especially, the quasi-inverse opal structural Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/N-C(Q-NVP/N-C) displayed continuous pores, which provides interconnected channels for electrolyte permeation and abundant contacting interfaces between electrolyte and materials, resulting in faster kinetics of redox reaction and higher proportion of capacitive behavior.As a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, the Q-NVP/N-C exhibits high specific capacity of 115 mAh·g^(-1) at 1C, still 61 mAh·g^(-1) at ultra-high current density of 100C,and a specific capacity of 89.7mAh·g^(-1) after 2000 cycles at 20C.This work displays the general validity of preparation method for not only Q-NVP/N-C,but also Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),which provides a prospect for delicate synthesis of NASICON materials with excellent electrochemical performance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21822509 and U1810110)Guangdong Province Innovation and Strong School Project(2020ZDZX2004)+2 种基金Wuyi University(2019WGALH14)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project in China(202102020134)Youth Innovation Talents Project of Guangdong Universities(natural science)in China(2019KQNCX098).
文摘Environmental degradation has promoted the exploitation of novel energy-storage devices.Electrochemical en-ergy technologies,including supercapacitors and aqueous batteries,are highly desirable for energy storage appli-cations.Among them,aqueous zinc-based batteries(AZBs)are highly valued because of their inherent safety and low cost.One class of emerging materials favorably employed in these devices are organic cathodes,featuring resource renewability,cost-effectiveness,and adjustable electrochemical properties via facile structural modi-fication compared to the conventional inorganic cathodes.To date,various types of organic compounds have been developed and applied to AZBs.This paper comprehensively reviews the mechanisms involved in organic electrode material reactions,highlighting the structural modifications,including morphological,molecular,func-tional group,crystal,and electronic structures,affecting the final device performance.Conclusively,the prospects of practical applications of zinc/organic aqueous battery are delineated.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFB1505802)the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2017YFA0208200)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22025108,U21A20327,and 22121001)the start-up fundings from Xiamen University.
文摘TiO_(2)is a promising photocatalyst due to its high thermodynamic stability and non-toxicity.However,its applications have been still limited because of the high recombination rate of electron-hole pairs.Herein,we show that by combining heterojunction construction and electronic structure regulation,the electron-hole pairs in TiO_(2)can be effectively separated for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.The optimized Cu_(7)S_(4)nanosheet decorated TiO_(2)achieves much enhanced H_(2)evolution rate(11.5 mmol·g−1·h−1),which is 13.8 and 4.2 times of that of TiO_(2)and Cu_(7)S_(4)/TiO_(2),respectively.The results of photoluminescence spectroscopy,transient photocurrent spectra,ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy collectively demonstrate that the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Air-Cu_(7)S_(4)/TiO_(2)is attributed to the effective separation of charge carriers and widened photoresponse range.The electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the increase of Cu2+in the Cu_(7)S_(4)nanosheet after calcination can promote the charge transfer.This work provides an effective method to improve the electron migration rate and charge separation of TiO_(2),which holds great significance for being extended to other material systems and beyond.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF0500503)theNational Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22275109,21971135,21925202,21872076,and 21471102)+2 种基金the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2214060)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680508)Shenzhen Basic Research Foundation(No.JCYJ20190808110613626).
文摘Regulating the coordination environment of transition-metal based materials in the axial direction with heteroatoms has shown great potential in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).The coordination configuration and the regulation method are pivotal and elusive.Here,we report a combined strategy of matrix-activization and controlled-induction to modify the CoN_(4)site by axial coordination of Co-S(Co1N_(4)-S_(1)),which was validated by the aberration-corrected electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.The optimal Co1N_(4)-S_(1)exhibits an excellent alkaline ORR activity,according to the half-wave potential(0.897 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)),Tafel slope(24.67 mV/dec),and kinetic current density.Moreover,the Co1N_(4)-S_(1)based Zn-air battery displays a high power density of 187.55 mW/cm^(2)and an outstanding charge-discharge cycling stability for 160 h,demonstrating the promising application potential.Theoretical calculations indicate that the better regulation of CoN_(4)on electronic structure and thus the highly efficient ORR performance can be achieved by axial Co-S.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0700104 and 2018YFA0702001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21871238)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2060000016)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Science(No.2018494)the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale(No.KF2020107).
文摘Highly efficient and stable oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts are remarkably important but challenging for advancing the large-scale commercialization of practical proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).In this work,we report that the introduction of interstitial hydrogen atoms into PtPd nanotubes can significantly promote ORR performance without scarifying the durability.The enhanced mass activity was 8.8 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C.The accelerated durability test showed negligible activity attenuation after 30,000 cycles.Additionally,H2/O2 fuel cell tests further verified the excellent activity of PtPd-H nanotubes with a maximum power density of 1.32 W·cm^(−2),superior to that of commercial Pt/C(1.16 W·cm^(−2)).Density functional theory calculations demonstrated the incorporation of hydrogen atoms gives rise to the broadening of Pt d-band and the downshift of d-band center,which consequently leads to the weaker intermediates binding and enhanced ORR activity.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51572157,21902085 and 51702188)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019QF012)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2018JC036 and 2018JC046)Shandong Key Research and Development Program(No.2019JZZY010312)。
文摘The increasingly severe electromagnetic microwave pollution raises higher requirements for the development of efficient microwave absorption(MA)materials.Metal sulfides are regarded as potential robust MA materials because of their unique optical,thermal,electrical,and magnetic properties,as well as the controllable microstructures.However,due to the limited MA performances of unary metal sulfides,morphology regulations and foreign materials hybridizations are adopted as effective strategies to improve their MA performances.Recent years witnessed the fast research progresses on the metal sulfides based MA materials and thus,a systematic literature survey on the materials design,fabrication,characterizations,MA behaviors,and the mechanisms behind is,highly desirable to summarize the rapid progress of this hot research area so as to provide guidance for the future development trend.This review firstly reviewed the research background,research progress,and basic principles of MA materials.Subsequently,the present synthetic methods and performance improvement strategies of metal sulfides based MA materials are systematically introduced.Then,by comparing the MA properties of one-dimensional,two-dimensional,and three-dimensional metal sulfides based composites,the influence of dimensionality and morphology on the MA properties are analyzed.By summarizing the research process of metal sulfides/dielectrics composites,metal sulfides/magnets composites,and metal sulfides/dielectrics/magnets composites MA materials,the influence of foreign materials hybridizations on the loss mechanisms and impedance matching conditions of metal sulfides based composites are revealed.Finally,the challenges and development prospects of metal sulfides based MA materials are presented.This review would provide a comprehensive understanding and insightful guidance for the exploration and development of efficient MA materials with thin thickness,light weight,wide absorption bandwidth,and strong absorption intensity.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foudation of China (Grant No.51573149)the Science and Technology Planning Projects of Sichuan Province (Grant Nos.2020ZDZX0005,2020ZDZX0008)。
文摘Nowadays, the yearning for microwave absorption materials(MAMs) are more and more urgent for dealing with the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution and the demand of modern military security.Among potential candidates, the graphene(GE) based magnetic hybrids have advantages in structural controllable and designing flexibility, providing opportunities for achieving highly efficiency of microwave absorption(MA). Thus, the structural regulation and MA performances of GE-based magnetic hybrids arouse great attention in related fields. In this review, we summarize the recently progress in MA performance of GE-based magnetic hybrids. Typical absorption process and corresponding mechanism are firstly introduced, for guiding the design of GE-based magnetic MAMs. Then, the magnetic components, synthesis methods, structural features and regulation strategies of these GE-related magnetic materials are reviewed, and their influences on MA performances have also been discussed. Challenges, and prospects of the GE-based magnetic MAMs are suggested. This review provides a brief but systematic introduction to GE-based magnetic MAMs, which may pave the way for the design of MAMs with highly efficient MA performances.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51871133)the Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province,the Program of Jinan Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2019GXRC001)the Major Projects of Guangdong Education Department for Foundation Research and Applied Research,China(Grant No.2019KZDXM065).
文摘Nanoporous metals have received significant attention as a new class of structural and functional materials.However,the macroscopic brittle fracture under the tensile test is an impediment to their practical applications.Thus,it is of central importance to develop nanoporous materials with low cost and high tensile ductility.Herein,a nanoporous Cu film supported on a pure Cu substrate(NPC@Cu)was fabricated by utilizing a liquid Ga assisted alloying-dealloying strategy,and the thickness of NPC film can be precisely regulated by changing the mass loading of liquid Ga.In-situ X-ray diffraction was performed to further explore the alloying/dealloying mechanisms.The NPC@Cu films show good tensile mechanical properties with a minimum elongation of 13.5%,which can be attributed to the good interface bonding and certain modulus matching between the nanoporous Cu layer and the Cu substrate.Our findings demonstrate that the design of film-substrate structure provides a feasible strategy for enhancing the mechanical properties of nanoporous metals.