Comparison of the Evolvement Structure of Chenopodium album L.under the Stress of Different Saline Environments

[Objective] The aim of this study was to reveal the evolvement structures,especially the crystal characteristics of Chenopodium album L.under saline stress,so as to providing the first-hand data for utilizing biological techniques to control saline environment.[Method] Employing high definition display method of plant crystal structure and paraffin-section method,we performed a comparative study on the evolvement structures of C.album growing in high salinity areas in the coast of Egyptian Red Sea and common salinity areas in the grasslands in Changling County of Jilin Province.[Result] The regionally distributed crystal and the developed assimilating tissue of C.album are the key structural characteristics to antagonize the saline stress during the evolving process.Stem cortex of C.album growing in both the high salinity areas in coast of Egyptian Red Sea and common salinity areas in the grasslands in Changling County of Jilin Province has similar discontinuous crystal rings.Assimilating tissue in C.album growing in high salinity areas is highly developed than that in common salinity environment.Comparative analysis indicates that the developed stratum corneum and marrow is also the key structural characteristics to antagonize the saline stress.[Conclusion] Our results provide a valuable approach to study the salt-tolerance mechanism of plant using structural botanical techniques,i.e.,crystal may become the identification characteristics of salt tolerant plant.

CONCEPTUAL MODELING BASED ON LOGICAL EXPRESSION AND EVOLVEMENT

Aiming at the problem of abstract and polytype information modeling in product conceptual design, a method of conceptual modeling based on logical expression and evolvement is presented. Based on the logic expressions of the product conceptual design information, a fimction/logic/strucmre mapping model is set up. First, the fimction semantics is transformed into logical expressions through fimction/logic mapping. Second, the methods of logical evolvement are utilized to describe the fimction analysis, fimction/strucmre mapping and structure combination. Last, the logical structure scheme is transformed into geometrical sketch through logic/structure mapping. The conceptual design information and modeling process are described uniformly with logical methods in the model, and an effective method for computer aided conceptual design based on the model is implemented.

Evolution of 3D velocity structure before Dayao M=6.2 and M=6.1 earthquakes in 2003

In this paper the crustal velocity structure are imaged at the annual scale for determining the evolution of 3D velocity structure before the Dayao earthquakes in 2003, and the relation between physical variation of medium and cause of earthquake occurrence is discussed. Checkerboard resolution tests show that the spatial resolution at 15 km depth is approximate 0.6 around Dayao. Error analyses show that the error （Approximate 0.02 km/s） at the focus area is far smaller than the magnitude （approximate 0.15 kin/s） of velocity variation. Results of the studies show that a NNW-striking juncture zone of high- and low-velocity is formed before Dayao earthquake, whose strike is basically consistent with that of aftershock distribution of Dayao earthquakes and the focal mechanism, and the hypocenters lie on the high-velocity side of juncture zone. Furthermore, there is a low-velocity body under the hypocenters after Dayao earthquakes. The evolution of velocity structure provides restriction for discussing the circumstances of earthquake gestating and occurring.

Boosting the electrochromic performance of TiO_(2) nanowire film via successively evolving surface structure

Electrochromic transition metal oxides(ETMOs)are useful in energy saving devices and smart indicators.Among these ETMO candidates,titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))is intriguing for its abundance and environmental safety,but the low color efficiency and slow coloring rate are still barricades to promote its electrochromic application.Herein,we demonstrate an amorphization strategy to comprehensively enhance the performance of TiO_(2) nanowire film(TNF)via atomic layer deposition(ALD)of an additional TiO_(2) conformal layer onto TNF surface,of which the layer structure evolves successively from ordered to disordered,achieving tunable electrochromism by controlling ALD cycles.Besides the remarkable increment of charging efficiency by~35% and color efficiency by~40%,bleached transmittance rectified optical density(BTR density)and ion diffusion coefficient are boosted by~90% and over 15 times,respectively for TNF deposited with 150 cycles.A large number of self-doped Ti^(3+) defects and hydroxyl units together with order-disorder interconnections in the ALD TiO_(2) layer are responsible for the performance enhancement.The concept for successively evolving surface structure shares the feasibility of upgrading conventional ETMOs as well as designing new electrochromic materials.