Simulated Change in the Interannual Variability of South Asian Summer Monsoon in the 21st Century

This study investigates the projected changes in interannual variability of South Asian summer monsoon and changes of ENSO–monsoon relationships in the 21st century under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） scenarios A1B and A2, respectively, by analyzing the simulated results of twelve Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 （CMIP3） coupled models. The dynamical monsoon index （DMI） was adopted to describe the interannual variability of South Asian summer monsoon, and the standard deviation （SD） was used to illustrate the intensity of interannual variability. It was found that most models could project enhanced interannual variability of monsoon in the 21st century. The multi-model ensemble （MME） results showed increases in the interannual variability of DMI： 14.3% and 20.0% under scenarios A1B and A2, respectively. The MME result also showed increases in the rainfall variability are of about 10.2% and 22.0% under scenarios A1B and A2. The intensification of interannual variability tended to occur over the regions that have larger variability currently; that is, ＂the strong get stronger＂. Another finding was that ENSO–monsoon relationships are likely to be enhanced in the 21st century. The dynamical component of the monsoon will be more closely correlated to ENSO in the future under global warming, although the ENSO–summer rainfall relationship cannot be reasonably projected by current models. This suggests that the South Asian summer monsoon is more predictable in the future, at least dynamically.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of N- [（1-Aryl-3-phenyl-pyrazol- 4-yl）methylene]-2-（halo-o-hydroxyphenyl）hydrazide Derivatives

A series of novel N-[（1-aryl-3-phenyl-pyrazol-4-yl）methylene]-2-（halo-o-hydroxyphenyl）hydrazide derivatives was synthesized and the antibacterial activity of each of them was evaluated. The supposed reaction mechanism of acquiring compounds 3a--3d is that catalytic activity is enhanced by the electron-donating groups of the first phenyl ring while decreased by electron-withdrawing groups of that ring. The result of preliminary bioassay shows that the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration（MIC） of the title compounds against Escherichia coli is 2 ℃g/mL. MIC values against Monilia albiean and Staphloeoeeus aureus are as low as 4 ~g/mL. They will be a series of potential antibacterial compounds against fungi and gram-negative bacteria.