Evidence for the Reliability and Validity of the Arabic Version of the Student Risk Screening Scale for Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE)

School-based universal screening for behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary first step to providing services in an educational setting for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric properties are critical to making decisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the student risk screening scale for internalizing and externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants included 3145 students and their teachers. Item-level analyses of the current sample supported the retention of all items. The internal consistency of the SRSS items ranged from 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent validity between the SRSS-IE and a well-established screening tool, the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), was found for the total score (r = 0.70). Additionally, the results of this study demonstrate strong social validity, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a useful and functional screening tool. We conclude that the SRSS-IE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of emotional and behavioral difficulties among elementary students.

An Empirical Study on the Relationship Between the Scale of International Students from ASEAN and China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment

With the further development of economic globalization since the establishment of ties between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) 30 years ago and the continuous increase in the scale of international students in China,the training of international talents has become an important approach to avoiding the risks of transnational investments.We established panel data by selecting variables from the period 2006 to 2017,including the scale of international students coming from ASEAN to China,the gross amount of China’s outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),and the GDP per capita of ASEAN countries to further explore the correlations among these variables.We applied a panel-vector autoregressive(PVAR) model to conducting a Granger causality test,a Gaussian mixture model(GMM) regression analysis,a Monte Carlo-based impulse response analysis,and variance decomposition of the data.The results show that the growth of OFDI exerted an obvious positive impact on the inflow of international students from the countries along the Belt and Road(B&R) within a short period,the growth of the scale of international students coming from these countries to study in China had a strong positive effect on OFDI,the training of international talents was conducive to promoting the scale of transnational investments,but the overall quality was not very high,and its economic contribution rate was low.It is also found that OFDI and the scale of international students from the countries along the B&R promoted the GDP growth to a certain extent and the positive accumulation effect fluctuated due to external factors.Therefore,it is suggested to expanding the scale of OFDI and improving China’s core competitiveness in international student education.Intensive management of investment factors should also be conducted along with sound development of training mechanisms for international talents.

The Social Media and Technology Addiction and Its Associated Factors among University Students in Lebanon Using the Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale (MTUAS)

The contemporary developments of Information and Communication Technologies usage have fueled a popular concern. The young people are experiencing technology addiction behavior due to excessive media and technology usage. A valid instrument is required to detect individuals at high risk of social media and technology addiction. Objective: The objectives of this study are to assess prevalence of the technology addiction using the Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale (MTUAS) and to investigate the impacts of online social networking on health and academic performance of young university students in Lebanon. Methods: During the academic year 2017-2018, a cross-sectional study which enrolled 705 young university students was conducted. Data was collected using MTUAS questionnaire. The translation and cultural adaptation of the MTUAS followed a standardized protocol. The psychometric properties were then evaluated. We used multivariate regression analyses to determine which characteristics were associated with the technology addiction among students. Results: 705 filled out the questionnaire aged 17 to 35 years (mean = 20.42;SD = 2.41), 74% of whom were females. The internal consistency was high for all subscales and ranged from 0.54 - 0.87. The MTUAS yielded statistically significant scores for subgroups (known group validity). Males’ students had a higher risk of addiction to social media and technology than females. The use of media was viewed common among the smokers (OR = 1.76;95% CI = 1.10 - 2.82, p = 0.02) and drinkers of alcohol (OR = 1.80;95% CI = 1.04 - 3.11, p = 0.04). Students that used e-mailing, smartphone, and TV viewing had a high academic performance level. Females and public university students had negative attitudes toward technology. In conclusion: The technology becomes a big problem on the universities students’ users that has an impact on their life and affects their academic performance. The MTUAS Arabic version has been evaluated as a valid and reliable instrument.

A Study on Left-behind Junior Students'Foreign Language Learning Anxiety

Since the 1960s, foreign language educators and researchers home and abroad have started to pay attention to the influence of the affective variables including language learning anxiety on foreign language learning. This thesis tried to find out the factors that may influence the foreign language learning anxiety level of left-behind students and put forward ways to help lower down the foreign language learning anxiety level of the left-behind junior middle school students.

大学生慢就业现象的影响因素与应对策略研究

近年来,大学生慢就业现象比较常见,引起社会广泛关注。为科学评价大学生慢就业现象,合理引导高校毕业生就业,选取河北省5所高校2023年应届毕业生为调研对象,开发测评量表,编制设计调查问卷,构建大学生慢就业影响因素测评体系,对其就业能力、就业准备、职业规划、就业观念、就业压力等影响因素进行定量评价,探索应对大学生慢就业现象的策略。大学生就业率是衡量高校教学质量与就业情况的重要指标,也是经济社会发展的重要保障,为此高校应紧跟社会需求,优化人才培养方案,提升人才培养素质;毕业生自身也应摆正就业心态,积极做好就业准备与职业规划;毕业生家庭也应改变择业观,尊重子女的就业选择,协助其做好职业发展规划,帮助其进一步明确人生目标。

Predictive Factors for Smartphone Dependence: Relationship to Demographic Characteristics, Chronotype, and Depressive State of University Students

We investigated factors contributing to smartphone dependence. To 196 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate demographic characteristics, smartphone dependence, chronotype, and depressive state. Smartphone dependence was evaluated using the Wakayama Smartphone-Dependence Scale (WSDS) with 3 subscales: Subscale 1, immersion in Internet communication;Subscale 2, using a smartphone for extended periods of time and neglecting social obligations and other tasks;Subscale 3, using a smartphone while doing something else and neglect of etiquette. Multiple regression analyses revealed that living in a family, eveningness, and presence of depression were associated with Subscale 1, that living in a family and eveningness were also associated with Subscale 2, and that being a man was associated with Subscale 3. These findings suggest that smartphone dependence can be predicted by factors such as gender, mode of residence, chronotype, or depressive state.

Study on Empathy among Undergraduate Students of the Medical Profession in Nepal

Background: The incumbent of medical professional is expected to be socially responsible and emotionally empathetic along with good communication propensity to fasten the doctor-patient relationship. Whilst doctor’s proficiency to recognize a patient’s perspectives, and convey such an understanding back to the patient;in our case, the empathy and compassion level of promising medical professional is unknown in Nepal. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the compassion and empathy score of final year’s undergraduate students of four medical colleges in Nepal. Methods: Self-reported empathy measures were obtained using the Jefferson Scale of Physician-Student version. Results: The degree of empathy for the participants was 97.28 (SD = 14.44) with a median score of 96.00 and a range of 44 (min) to 133 (max). There was a significant difference on scores of the Jefferson scale of physician empathy between NMC Nepalgunj and BPKIHS (p = 0.00) and between NMC Nepalgunj and Manipal Pokhara (p = 0.00), as well as between UCMS and Manipal Pokhara (p = 0.044). These results were significant at the 95% confidence interval. Conclusions: The mean empathy score for the Nepali students is lower than medical students from developed countries but almost similar to medical students from other Asian medical students. The female Nepali medical students scored slightly higher than their male counterparts. Thus colleges have to develop academic programs to improve empathy and compassion among medical students through providing adequate time to consult with patient and faculties.

Relationship of Smartphone Dependence to General Health Status and Personality Traits among University Students

We investigated associations between smartphone dependence and general health status or personality traits. To 197 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate these parameters. For males, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and emotional instability, and negatively correlated with agreeableness. For females, smartphone dependence positively correlated with somatic symptoms, severe depression, and extraversion, and negatively correlated with social dysfunction. These findings suggest that smartphone dependence may be associated with general health status or personality traits and that there may be a gender difference in these associations.

医学生自我同一性地位与教育服务需求分析——以首都医科大学为例

为进一步了解医学生自我同一性发展水平和其成长中教育服务需求,促进医学育人工作的质量,通过使用《自我同一性地位》量表和《教育服务需求》问卷对首都医科大学1188名本科生进行调研,回收有效问卷1017份。结果显示,医学生自我同一性3个维度得分、自我同一性地位分布情况不同年级对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各年级的“过去的危机”维度平均分均最低,且各年级的“同一性扩散-积极的延缓中间地位(D-M地位)”人数比例均为最高;52.51%医学生对学校开展关于自我探索主题的选修课表示有需求;影响医学生深入了解自己的因素首位为“原生家庭的教养方式”,占84.56%;其次为“朋友间的影响”,占75.12%;医学生希望提升自我认知水平的方式前三位分别是:“朋友间的互动交流”(占69.32%),“阅读书籍、文献”(占60.08%),“参加社会实践”(占50.93%)。医学生自我同一性发展存在的主要问题是积极的自我成长需求和自我探索受限之间的矛盾,需要教育工作者强化医学生自我意识的启发,注重理论与实践结合,提升教育服务方式和优化思政教育元素。

大学生在线学习力测评量表开发研究

在数字化赋能高等教育质量提升的关键时期,在线学习成为促进大学生持续发展与终身学习的重要方式,有效驱动在线自主学习也随之成为了大学生学习力的重要指向。基于自主学习视角,开展在线学习力测评,是提升大学生在线学习水平和学习质量的核心内容。该研究以齐莫曼自主学习研究框架为理论依据,结合文献分析与专家访谈,探索构成在线学习力的关键要素,研制大学生在线学习力测评量表,并通过两轮问卷调研(共1117个有效样本),验证量表的科学性和有效性。研究结果表明,大学生在线学习力因子模型主要涉及驱动力、策应力、调节力、顺应力和互惠力五个维度,量表具有较好的鉴别度、内容效度、结构效度和信度,可应用于更大范围的调查研究。

Campus Connectedness and Its Relationship to Stress, Anxiety and Depression among Nepalese Undergraduate Nursing Students

Background: Campus connectedness is a kind of social connectedness that determines the students’ perception of their belonging to the other populace of the campus that includes students, teachers, administrators, and other staff. Campus connectedness plays a significant role in determining stress, anxiety, and depression among students. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of campus connectedness to stress, anxiety, and depression among nursing students. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 680 undergraduate nursing students from nine nursing colleges affiliated with a university in Kathmandu Valley. Data were collected from June 1, 2018, through July 10, 2018. Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale and Campus Connectedness Scale were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test was used to examine the relationship of campus connectedness to stress, anxiety, and depression. Discriminant analysis was done as a follow-up procedure to MANOVA. Results: Students had moderate to extremely severe levels of depression (51.7%), anxiety (72.9%) and stress (47%). High campus connectedness score was observed (M = 62.42;SD = 9.79). Statistically significant differences were found among the levels of campus connectedness on the outcome variables, Wilks’ lambda (λ) = 0.90, F(3, 676) = 24.56, p < 0.001. Depression demonstrated the strongest relationship with the discriminant function. Conclusions: There was a significant relationship of campus connectedness to stress, anxiety, and depression. Despite the high level of campus connectedness, students had moderate to severe levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The campus adminstration must take measures and efforts to provide conducive environment and counseling services for the wellbeing of their students.

心理弹性训练提高医学生心理健康水平的研究

目的探讨心理弹性训练提高医学生心理健康水平的作用效果。方法2021年1月—2023年1月按照方便整群抽样方法选择重庆医科大学650名医学生,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各325名。照组学生给予传统说教模式的心理健康教育,观察组学生给予进行心理弹性训练。采用心理弹性量表(Connor—Davidson resilience scale,CD—RISC)评估学生干预前后的心理弹性水平,采用中国大学生心理健康量表(China college student mental health scale,CCSMHS)评估学生干预前后的心理健康水平并进行统计分析。结果干预后,2组CD-RISC量表各因子评分均有所提高,观察组各因子评分及总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组CCSMHS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理弹性训练能提高医学的心理弹性水平,有效改善医学生心理健康。

Development of Japanese Version of Smartphone Dependence Scale

We designed a Japanese version of the Smartphone Dependence Scale (J-SDS) for university students, and assessed its validity and reliability. For development of this scale, we initially selected 43 preliminary items based on previous studies of Internet and mobile phone dependence. Each response was scored using a Likert scale (0, 1, 2, 3), with higher scores indicating greater dependence. After administering the preliminary scale to 149 university students, the final 29 items were selected according to exploratory factor analysis. The final scale consisted of 5 factors: 1) craving and withdrawal, 2) overuse and tolerance, 3) virtual life orientation, 4) disturbance of concentration in class, and 5) physical symptoms. Reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) values for the 5 factors and total J-SDS were 0.87, 0.87, 0.76, 0.77, 0.69, and 0.92, respectively. We then summed the Likert scores for each item to provide a quantitative overall smartphone dependence score, with higher scores indicating greater dependence. The J-SDS score became significantly higher with longer hours of smartphone use (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the J-SDS is a reliable and valid scale for screening university students who may be at risk of developing smartphone dependence.

大学生短视频成瘾量表的编制及信效度检验

编制大学生短视频成瘾量表(SVAS)并检验其信度和效度。方法基于已有研究成果、半结构化访谈和专家咨询编制初始量表,选取872名在校大学生实施初测,进行项目分析和探索性因子分析;另外选取819名在校大学生,进行验证性因子分析、校标关联效度以及内部一致性信度检验,选取其中50名学生间隔两周进行重测。采用错失焦虑量表(FoMOs)、手机成瘾倾向量表(MPATS)作为校标工具。结果SVAS共41个条目,包括显著性、戒断性、失控性、逃避性、健康问题和睡眠问题6个因子,累计贡献率为65.02%;验证性因子分析结果显示模型拟合良好(χ^(2)/DF=2.96,CFI=0.93,TLI=0.92,RMSEA=0.049);SVAS总分与FoMOs得分呈正相关(r=0.49,P<0.001),与MPATS得分呈正相关(r=0.67,P<0.001)。总量表的Cronbachα系数为0.96,6个因子的Cronbachα系数为0.84、0.91、0.93、0.90、0.86、0.87;总量表的重测信度为0.85,6个因子的重测信度(ICC)在0.62~0.73之间。

小学生数学核心素养测验量表的编制与验证

近年来,以素养为导向的数学教育改革蓬勃展开。关于数学核心素养的评价研究亟需关注,并有必要专门研制小学生数学核心素养测量工具。基于小学生数学核心素养模型及国际权威数学素养测评PISA试题,编制了用于评价小学生数学核心素养水平的测验量表,包括侧重于数学认知的《小学生数学核心素养认知测验试卷》和侧重于数学情感与环境的《小学生数学核心素养非认知测验问卷》。两者分别在200多名六年级小学生中进行了多次检测、修订以及信度、效度检验和项目分析。通过项目修正以及验证,结果表明:这套测验量表的试卷和问卷具有较高的信度,Cronbach’sα系数、重测信度以及折半信度均达到统计学要求的水平;具有较高的效标效度和结构效度,项目难度分布比较合理,项目区分度较高。该套量表可作为我国小学生数学核心素养的测量工具。

大学生共同富裕政策认同量表的设计与检验

大学生对共同富裕的政策认同情况直接影响着他们参与共同富裕实践的行为。基于政策认同理论构建大学生共同富裕政策认同概念,编制“大学生共同富裕政策认同量表”。通过分析浙江省26所高校的调查数据发现:问卷开发过程严谨,信效度良好;“四因子模型”具有良好的信效度;对后续开展大学生共同富裕政策认同研究具有启发意义。

大学生压力生活事件量表的编制与验证

目的编制适合测量我国大学生压力生活事件的量表,并检验此量表的信度和效度。方法通过文献分析和质性研究,构建大学生压力生活事件的维度和核心成分。对824名大学生进行横断面调查,采用内部一致性确定问卷的信度,采用探索性因子分析(EFA)和验证性因子分析(CFA)评估问卷的结构效度,采用Pearson相关系数评估问卷的内容效度。结果编制的大学生压力生活事件量表共16个题项,包括学习压力、家庭冲突、同伴拒绝、社会适应不良4个维度。量表具有较好的信效度,Cronbach'sα=0.858,χ2/ν=2.987,近似误差均方根(RMSEA)=0.049,比较拟合指数(CFI)=0.979,增量拟合指数(IFI)=0.979,规范拟合指数(NFI)=0.968,拟合优度指数(GFI)=0.960。结论本研究编制的大学生压力生活事件量表具有良好的信度和效度,可作为评估大学生压力生活事件的可靠测量工具。

MTAS在中国中学生中的修订与应用

为了检验MTAS在中国初高中学生群体中的信效度并将其汉化。以多维考试焦虑量表为研究工具,对贵州、重庆周边的1800名中学生进行测试,包括两个认知维度(担忧和认知干扰)和两个情感—生理维度(紧张和生理指标)。在这两项研究中,四个相关因素和高阶模型显示了与数据的良好拟合,MTAS的跨组不变性在人口学变量中得到验证。信度检验中总分与各维度的个信度系数都达标,可证明MTAS有着良好的信度,适用于中国的青少年群体。