A Comparative Analysis of China’s Student Evaluation in the New Era

Student evaluation,which involves assessing students using specific standards,techniques,and methods,encompasses self-evaluation by students,evaluation by educators,and so on.It has long been a focal point and challenge in China’s educational system reform.This paper aims to broaden the approach to developing and reforming student evaluation within the context of China’s new era by summarizing its evolving characteristics,analyzing its pain points,and comparing the concepts and standards of student evaluation in developed countries with those in China.

Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method Based on Entropy Weight to Evaluate Pond Water Quality

[Objective] This study was to provide references for the evaluation of water quality in aquaculture ponds by evaluating the pond water quality using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight. [Method] The fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method based on entropy weight was used to evaluate the water quality in the ponds with Ukraine scale carp （Cyprinus carpio） as the main cultivated fish. The average size of the fish was 71.4 g/ind, and totally three groups of pond were set with the population density of 6 000, 9 000, 12 000 ind/hm2. [Result] According to the GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China, the water quality of 6 000 ind/hm2 group was Grade I, and the water quality of 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 were Grade V. [Conclusion] With the increasing of feeding density, the pond water quality would worsen, however, there is no difference on water quality between 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 groups.

Comprehensive evaluation of water quality parameters in Tianjin Dagu Dainage Canal

In this paper, some indices of sulfide, organic carbon, oil and heavy metals （copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and chromium） in the sediments from Dagu Dainage Canal at the Bohai Bay during four seasons in 2012 - 2013 are selected, and Water Quality Pollution Index （API） is applied to evaluate water quality indices, aiming for the systematic evaluation of the water quality of Dagu Dainage Canal. The results showed that four stations of D3, D6, D7and D9 for S2 had the type Ⅱand Ⅲ of water; others had the type Ⅰ ; the total level of TOC, TPH, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, As and Cr were type Ⅰ, Ⅳ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅲ, Vand Ⅴ. Water Quality Pollution Index （API） was 3.28, which illustrated Dagu Dainage Canal was in the state of contamination and the degree of pollution exceeded the standard functional areas.

Improved AHP method and its application in lake environmental comprehensive quality evaluation—a case study of Xuanwu Lake, Nanjing, China

The relative importance of each pollution factor in analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method comes from pooling expert opinions in general. Because expert opinions are based on information and judgment criteria, determining their weight may lead to uncertainty.. Therefore, an improved AHP method had been developed. The process of the improved AHP method involved four key procedures. The weights of pollution factors were completely related to the objective monitoring data through the standardization of these procedures. The environmental comprehensive quality of water and sediment of Xuanwu Lake, Nanjing, China had been evaluated. The environmental quality comprehensive indices (EQCI) of the water in 1991-1995 and 1996-2000 were 3.32 and 1.85, respectively, indicating that the water quality improved. The EQCI of the sediment in 1995 and 2000 indicates that the sediment contamination decreased from 1995 to 2000. Such results agreed with the fact that the lake had been under comprehensive control. However, with the classical AHP method, the EQCI of the sediment in the northwestern part of the lake may have indicated that sediment contamination increased from 1995 to 2000. The discrepancy may have resulted from the judgment difference of the experts. The improved AHP method can avoid arbitrariness of subjective judgment and can reflect the real influential factors of environment pollution in different periods or regions.

Determining the Quality of Mine Gushing and Mixed Water Using Coupled AHP and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Methods

This study focused on analysis of the chemical characteristics of mine waters. The aim of this study is to correlate the degree of different ionic components in mine water and the influence of their convergence using a combination of the three-scale AHP and fuzzy evaluation methods for the comprehensive evaluation of water quality. Ion chromatography (ICS 1100) has been used to analyze the content of the water sample while portable pH/EC/TDS/Tem- perature meters (SX 811 and SX 813) were used to test physical-chemical parameters. The results of this study show that chemistry of in No.11 gushing mine is dominated by HCO3-Na and HCO3-Ca, and had a pH between 7.1 and 8.00, belonging to neutral or slightly alkaline water. In addition, water were found to have the hardness between 18 mg/L and 542.5 mg/L. Results also show that the TDS of the roof sandstone and goaves water are higher than Cambrian limestone water, while the turbidity of the mixed water is 20 NTU in the sump, again higher than in other samples such as Cambrian limestone water. Total dissolved solids and the total hardness of Cambrian limestone groundwater mainly depend on the content of K+ + Na+, Ca2+, B={b1,b2,…,bj} and SO2-4. Thus, chemical composition changes remarkably after mine water mixing. Results showed that the coal roof sandstone water is class V while that in the sump is class III, and the Cambrian limestone groundwater is class I. In gushing, the quality of water can vary greatly;thus, water from the coal face roof sandstone and the Cambrian limestone should be stored and treated separately before being utilized.

Quality Diagnosis of BtoC Website Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

A hl-quality website is crucial to a company for a successful e-business. The technique maintainers are always faced with the problem how to locate the prime factors which affect the quality of the websites. In view of the complexity and fuzziness of BtoC webslte, a quality diagnosis method based on the multl-attribute and multi-layer fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model including all the quality factors is proposed. A simple example of diagnosis on a famous domestic BtoC websites shows the specific steps of this method and proves its validity. The process of quality evaluation and diagnosis system is illustrated and the computer program of diagnosis is Oven.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and Prediction of Air Quality in Baoding City

Nowadays,the quality of the air environment is closely related to the health of the ecosystem and the safety of people living. With more and more attention attached to the quality of the air environment,it is imminent to analyze the future development trend of air quality. In this paper,the grey correlation analysis was used to determine the weights of 6 pollution indexes,namely PM10,PM2. 5,SO2,NO2,CO and O3. The fuzzy comprehensive assessment method was applied to determine the air quality eigenvalues H（ 2. 145,1. 926,and 1. 805） of Baoding City in 2014-2016,suggesting that the air quality in Baoding is getting better and better. In addition,the grey forecasting model GM（ 1,1） was used to forecast and test the air quality of Baoding City. The results show that the prediction is good.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Processing Quality of Tibetan Native Hulless Barley Variety by Factor Analysis

The purpose of this study was to explore the quality of the Tibetan native hulless barley variety in depth and to evaluate the characteristics of its processing quality using ratio analysis.For this study,10 native barley varieties were chosen with the detection of 24 quality indexes in order to build a system of comprehensive evaluation.The results of the factor analysis indicated that seven common factors with an eigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted,cumulatively accounting for 96.21%of the total variance.The first common factor,including ASP,GLU,SER,GLY,ARG,TYR and CYS contents,accounted for 33.82% of the variance.The second common factor,including ash,the total starch,soluble fiber,VB_(3),Cu,Mn,Na and beta-glucan contents,accounted for 19.46%of the variance.The third common factor,including the total dietary fiber,α-VE,K,Zn and glutelin.The fourth common factor,including B,Ba and prolamin,explained the barley starch character of the rheological property.The fifth common factor included crude fiber.The sixth and the seventh common factors did not account for a substantial amount of variance.According to the comprehensive evaluation model,the score consequence was as the following:Zangqing25>Pengnaigabu>Lhasa changhei>2004Qing21>Lhasa duanbai>Liangamu>Zhikonggaxia>lianmubai>Jiangreejiu>Longzihei.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Air Quality in Shijiazhuang City Based on Grey Correlation

[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the air quality of Shijiazhuang City,in order to facilitate the government to correctly formulate measures to prevent and control air pollution and protect Shijiazhuang's ambient air quality. [Methods] With the air quality data of Shijiazhuang City from February to March in 2019 as the research object,the gray correlation analysis method was used to determine weight A of each pollutant factor first,and then a single factor evaluation matrix R was constructed. The weight A and the single factor evaluation matrix R were synthesized using the M( ·,+) fuzzy composite operator,obtaining a fuzzy matrix B between the factor set and the evaluation level. [Results] The eigenvalue of air quality was calculated according to matrix B: H = 2. 259 5.[Conclusions]The air quality in Shijiazhuang City from February to March was between grade 2 and grade 3,closer to grade 2,indicating that the air quality was good.

The Application of Improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method in Practice Teaching Quality Evaluation System

According to the theory of fuzzy mathematics, Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of the original algorithm is improved, and reduced the possibility loss of the original evaluation data. The improved algorithm is applied in the practice teaching quality evaluation system, and improved the practice teaching quality evaluation results and the accuracy of visual, and promote the teaching management scientific, standardized and institutionalized. In order to establish incentive mechanism, it can bring a positive role to improve teaching quality.

Evaluation Method of English Teaching Quality Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

In order to improve the accuracy of English teaching quality evaluation, so as to promote the quality of English teaching, an evaluation method of English teaching quality is proposed based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the index system model of English teaching quality evaluation is constructed, a decision tree model is used for construction of English teaching quality index model, objective function of English teaching quality evaluation is constructed based on fuzzy decision model, the conjugate function analysis method is used to optimize the decision function, the attributes that can reflect the quality of English Teaching is extracted, accurate evaluation and prediction of English teaching quality are realized. The simulation results show that the method of English teaching quality evaluation is reliable, it has high degree of confidence, evaluation result is accurate.

Evaluation on Environment State of Breeding Area in Shuidong Bay by Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to develop a standard model to analyze and evaluate nearness degree of water environment quality at breeding area of Shuidong Bay in China.Results showed that certain environment contamination factors in some areas seriously exceeded the standard value and led to the whole water quality at the third class level.The measurements should be taken to promote the sustainable development of breeding area in Shuidong Bay.

Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Traffic Flow Data Quality Based on Grey Correlation Analysis and Particle Swarm Optimization

Nowadays,data are more and more used for intelligent modeling and prediction,and the comprehensive evaluation of data quality is getting more and more attention as a necessary means to measure whether the data are usable or not.However,the comprehensive evaluation method of data quality mostly contains the subjective factors of the evaluator,so how to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the data has become a bottleneck that needs to be solved in the research of comprehensive evaluation method.In order to evaluate the data more comprehensively,objectively and differentially,a novel comprehensive evaluation method based on particle swarm optimization(PSO)and grey correlation analysis(GCA)is presented in this paper.At first,an improved GCA evaluation model based on the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)is proposed.Then,an objective function model of maximum difference of the comprehensive evaluation values is built,and the PSO algorithm is used to optimize the weights of the improved GCA evaluation model based on the objective function model.Finally,the performance of the proposed method is investigated through parameter analysis.A performance comparison of traffic flow data is carried out,and the simulation results show that the maximum average difference between the evaluation results and its mean value(MDR)of the proposed comprehensive evaluation method is 33.24%higher than that of TOPSIS-GCA,and 6.86%higher than that of GCA.The proposed method has better differentiation than other methods,which means that it objectively and comprehensively evaluates the data from both the relevance and differentiation of the data,and the results more effectively reflect the differences in data quality,which will provide more effective data support for intelligent modeling,prediction and other applications.

Spatial assessment for groundwater quality based on GIS and improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment with entropy weights

The objective of the research is to evaluate spatial groundwater quality based on improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment model with entropy weights(FCAEW)in geographical information system(GIS)environment.This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of groundwater and sets up an evaluation model applying GIS and FCAEW.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from 29 wells in Zhenping County,China.Six parameters were chosen including chloride,sulfate,total hardness,nitrate,fluoride and color.Better spatial interpolation methods for evaluated parameters are found out and selected according to the minimum cross-validation errors from the interpolation methods.FCAEW model was carried out with the help of GIS which makes the evaluating process simpler and easier and more automatically,effectively,efficiently and intelligently.The result embodies the feasibility and effectiveness of FCAEW in GIS when compared with other comprehensive evaluation methods.

Evaluation of Farmland Drainage Water Quality by Fuzzy–Gray Combination Method

The complex relationships between indicators and water conditions cause fuzzy and gray uncertainties in evaluation of water quality. Compared to conventional single-factor evaluation methods, the combination evaluation method can consider these two uncertainties to produce more objective and reasonable evaluation results. In this paper, we propose a combination evaluation method with two main parts:(1) the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and gray correlation analysis as submodels with which to consider the fuzzy and gray uncertainties and(2) the establishment of a combination model based on minimum bias squares. In addition, using this method, we evaluate the water quality of a ditch in a typical rice–wheat system of Yixing city in the Taihu Lake Basin during three rainfall events. The results show that the ditch water quality is not good and we found the chemical oxygen demand to be the key indicator that affects water quality most significantly. The proposed combination evaluation method is more accurate and practical than single-factor evaluation methods in that it considers the uncertainties of fuzziness and grayness.

Sample investigation and evaluation of the water quality in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city

To investigate the water quality of sampling in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in the five districts of Foshan city, and use the environmental pollution index to evaluate the condition of water quality. The results indicated that water temperature and pH of aquaculture ponds cound meet the requirements of fish normal growth,and dissolved oxygen was rich, but the water quality was over fertilized generally. In 20 investigation spots of the five districts, the content of CODCr, NH4^＋-N and TP exceeded 90%, 30% and 85% respectively. The pollution degrees of the water quality from high to low in aquaculture ponds were Chancheng district,Nanhai district, Sanshui district, Shunde district, Gaoming district. The comprehensive quality index of aquaculture ponds was 1.44 in Foshan city, the water quality was polluted severly as a whole. The share rate of pollution load of TP was the highest, the second were CODCr and NH4^＋-N. On the whole, the pollution of organic matter was very prominent in the water quality of aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city that had been eutrophicated.

Evaluation of Ambient Air Quality and Its Changing Trend in Jinan City during 2013-2020

Based on the automatic monitoring data of ambient air in Jinan City from 2013 to 2020,the changing trend and characteristics of air quality in Jinan City during 2013-2020 were analyzed by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,air quality index(AQI)and ambient air quality comprehensive index methods.The three methods are different in principle,purpose of use,and characterization methods,but the conclusions are consistent.The ambient air quality in Jinan City was improved significantly from 2013 to 2020.The prime pollutants were mainly PM_(2.5)and PM_(10),but the impact on air quality declined,and the impact of O_(3)on air quality increased.The complex pollution characteristics were obvious.Air pollution was the most severe in winter and lighter in summer.

Water Quality Evaluation of Duyun-Kaili Section in the Upper Reaches of the Qingshui River Basin

The fuzzy mathematic model was used to evaluate the water quality of six sections in the upper reaches of the Qingshui River Basin. The results showed that tiie water of grade I accounted for a high proportion, with mild pollution and strong self-deaning ability; the pollutants （f.g. ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and fluoride） at each section mainly came from phosphate mines and phosphorus chemical companies; and the water quaEty among different sections was in the order Chayuan, Xingren Bridge, Xiasi, Locomotive Section, Yingpan, Panghai （from superiority to inferiority）. This study has important reference values fof improving the water envifonment, saf^uarding the safely of drinkiiig water supply and scientifically preventing and conttolling water pollution, in the basin.