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Higher Grain-Filling Rate in Inferior Spikelets of Tolerant Rice Genotype Offset Grain Yield Loss under Post-Anthesis High Night Temperatures
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作者 Nitin SHARMA Bhupinder SINGH +6 位作者 Subbaiyan Gopala KRISHNAN Haritha BOLLINEDI Pranab Kumar MANDAL Milan Kumar LAL Prakash Kumar JHA P.V.Vara PRASAD Anjali ANAND 《Rice science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期572-586,I0059-I0061,共18页
Increased nighttime respiratory losses decrease the amount of photoassimilates available for plant growth and yield. We hypothesized that the increased respiratory carbon loss under high night temperatures(HNT) could ... Increased nighttime respiratory losses decrease the amount of photoassimilates available for plant growth and yield. We hypothesized that the increased respiratory carbon loss under high night temperatures(HNT) could be compensated for by increased photosynthesis during the day following HNT exposure. Two rice genotypes, Vandana(HNT-sensitive) and Nagina 22(HNT-tolerant), were exposed to HNT(4 ℃ above the control) from flowering to physiological maturity. They were assessed for alterations in the carbon balance of the source(flag leaf) and its subsequent impact on grain filling dynamics and the quality of spatially differentiated sinks(superior and inferior spikelets). Both genotypes exhibited significantly higher night respiration rates. However, only Nagina 22 compensated for the high respiration rates with an increased photosynthetic rate, resulting in a steady production of total dry matter under HNT. Nagina 22 also recorded a higher grain-filling rate, particularly at 5 and 10 d after flowering, with 1.5- and 4.0-fold increases in the translocation of ^(14)C sugars to the superior and inferior spikelets, respectively. The ratio of photosynthetic rate to respiratory rate on a leaf area basis was negatively correlated with spikelet sterility, resulting in a higher filled spikelet number and grain weight per plant, particularly for inferior grains in Nagina 22. Grain quality parameters such as head rice recovery, high-density grains, and gelatinization temperature were maintained in Nagina 22. An increase in the rheological properties of rice flour starch in Nagina 22 under HNT indicated the stability of starch and its ability to reorganize during the cooling process of product formation. Thus, our study showed that sink adjustments between superior and inferior spikelets favored the growth of inferior spikelets, which helped to offset the reduction in grain weight under HNT in the tolerant genotype Nagina 22. 展开更多
关键词 high night temperature inferior grain pasting property radiolabeled sugar superior grain
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Effect of Low Night Temperature Treatment on Sucrose Synthesis Ability of Tomato Leaves in Seedling Stage 被引量:2
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作者 王丽娟 李天来 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2011年第5期707-709,755,共4页
[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of low night temperature treatment on sucrose synthesis ability of tomato leaves in seedling stage.[Method] Effects of low night temperature of 6 ℃(with 15 ℃ as contro... [Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of low night temperature treatment on sucrose synthesis ability of tomato leaves in seedling stage.[Method] Effects of low night temperature of 6 ℃(with 15 ℃ as control)on the sucrose synthesis ability of tomato leaves were studied after 1,3,5,7 d of treatment.[Result] The contents of fructose,glucose and sucrose in tomato leaves were higher than control at 6:00 during the treatment of low night temperature,but in contrast at 11:00.The contents of fructose,glucose and sucrose in tomato leaves of low night temperature treatment and control group at 6:00 were lower than that at 11:00.The content of starch in tomato leaves was higher than control at 6:00 and 11:00 during the treatment.And the activities of sugar metabolism enzymes of tomato were changed by the treatment of low night temperature.The activities of acid invertase(AI)and neutral invertase(NI)were higher than those of control,while the activities of sucrose synthase(SS)and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)were lower than control at 6:00 and 11:00 during the treatment.The activity of all the enzymes at 11:00 of low night temperature treatment plants treated for 1,3,5,7 d was higher than that at 6:00.Compared to 6:00,the invertase activity of the control plant decreased,while the synthetase activity increased.The activity of sucrose synthase(SS)was decreased for treated plants,and the increase amount of sucrose content in leaves was lower than that of control at 11:00 during the treatment,indicating that the sucrose synthesis ability of tomato leaves was decreased by the treatment of low night temperature.[Conclusion] The results in this study had provided theoretical basis for the environmental control of high-yield cultivation of tomato. 展开更多
关键词 Tomato(L.esculentum Mill) Low night temperature Sucrose metabolism
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Regulation of Calcium on Peanut Photosynthesis Under Low Night Temperature Stress 被引量:9
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作者 LIU Yi-fei HAN Xiao-ri +4 位作者 ZHAN Xiu-mei YANG Jin-feng WANG Yu-zhi SONG Qiao-bo CHEN Xin 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第12期2172-2178,共7页
The effects of different levels of CaCl 2 on photosynthesis under low night temperature(8°C) stress in peanuts were studied in order to find out the appropriate concentration of Ca2+through the artificial clim... The effects of different levels of CaCl 2 on photosynthesis under low night temperature(8°C) stress in peanuts were studied in order to find out the appropriate concentration of Ca2+through the artificial climate chamber potted culture test.The results indicated that Ca2+,by means of improving the stomatal conductivity of peanut leaves under low night temperature stress,may mitigate the decline of photosynthetic rate in the peanut leaves.The regulation with 15 mmol L-1CaCl 2(Ca15) was the most effective,compared with other treatments.Subsequently,the improvement of Ca2+on peanut photosynthesis under low night temperature stress was validated further through spraying with Ca15,Ca2+chelator(ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl) tetraacetic acid; EGTA) and calmodulin antagonists(trifluonerazine; TFP).And CaM(Ca2+-modulin) played an important role in the nutritional signal transduction for Ca2+mitigating photosynthesis limitations in peanuts under low night temperature stress. 展开更多
关键词 PEANUT Ca2+ low night temperature stress PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Effects of Increased Night Temperature on Cellulose Synthesis and the Activity of Sucrose Metabolism Enzymes in Cotton Fiber 被引量:3
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作者 TIAN Jing-shan HU Yuan-yuan +5 位作者 GAN Xiu-xia ZHANG Ya-li HU Xiao-bing GOU Ling LUO Hong-hai ZHANG Wang-feng 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第6期979-988,共10页
Temperature is one of the key factors that influence cotton fiber synthesis at the late growth stage of cotton. In this paper, using two early-maturing cotton varieties as experimental materials, night temperature inc... Temperature is one of the key factors that influence cotton fiber synthesis at the late growth stage of cotton. In this paper, using two early-maturing cotton varieties as experimental materials, night temperature increase was stimulated in the field using far-infrared quartz tubes set in semi-mobile incubators and compared with the normal night temperatures (control) in order to investigate the effects of night temperature on the cotton fiber cellulose synthesis during secondary wall thickening. The results showed that the activity of sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) quickly increased and remained constant during the development of cotton fiber, while the activity of acid invertase (AI) and alkaline invertase (NI) decreased, increased night temperatures prompted the rapid transformation of sugar, and all the available sucrose fully converted into cellulose. With night temperature increasing treatment, an increase in SuSy activity and concentration of sucrose indicate more sucrose converted into UDPG (uridin diphosphate-glucose) during the early and late stages of cotton fiber development. Furthermore, SPS activity and the increased concentration of fructose accelerated fructose degradation and reduced the inhibition of fructose to SuSy; maintaining higher value of allocation proportion of invertase and sucrose during the early development stages of cotton fiber, which was propitious to supply a greater carbon source and energy for cellulose synthesis. Therefore, the minimum temperature in the nightime was a major factor correlated with the activity of sucrose metabolism enzymes in cotton fiber. Consequently, soluble sugar transformation and cellulose accumulation were closely associated with the minimum night temperature. 展开更多
关键词 cotton fiber night temperature sucrose metabolism enzyme activity
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The Effect of High Day and Low Night Temperature on Pollen Production, Pollen Germination and Postharvest Quality of Tomatoes 被引量:2
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作者 B.Khanal A.Suthaparan +3 位作者 A.B.Hückstadt A.B.Wold Leiv Mortensen H.R.Gislerod 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2013年第7期19-25,共7页
Temperature integration where high day temperatures are compensated by lower night temperatures is one strategy that can be used to reduce energy consumption in greenhouses. Crop tolerance to temperature variation is ... Temperature integration where high day temperatures are compensated by lower night temperatures is one strategy that can be used to reduce energy consumption in greenhouses. Crop tolerance to temperature variation is a prerequisite for using such a strategy. Greenhouse experiments were conducted on tomatoes cvs, Capricia, Mecano and Cederico in order to investigate the effect of different day/night temperature regimes (24/17, 27/14 and 30/11℃) where the same mean temperature was maintained for the production and germination of pollen. In addition, fruit quality as determined by fruit firmness, dry matter content, soluble solids, titratable acids, and pH was examined at harvest and after seven and 14 days of storage. The 30/11℃ treatment significantly increased pollen production and germination compared to the 24/17℃ treatment, while the 27/14℃ treatment was generally in between the other two treatments. Fruits grown at the 27/14℃ treatment were significantly firmer, while fruits grown at 24/17℃ had higher dry matter content, soluble solids, and titratable acids compared to the other treatments. There were significant differences between cultivars with respect to firmness, dry matter, titratable acidity, and pH. The quality of the fruits changed during storage, but the storability of the tomatoes was not affected by preharvest temperature treatments. The overall conclusion was that the 27/14℃ treatment was superior to the other two temperature treatments with respect to the studied parameters. 展开更多
关键词 Daily Mean temperature Day temperature(DT) night temperature(NT) POLLEN temperature Integration Dry Matter pH Titratable Acids Soluble Solids POSTHARVEST TOMATO
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Synergistic Effects of a Night Temperature Shift and Methyl Jasmonate on the Production of Anthocyanin in Red Leaf Lettuce
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作者 Masaru Sakamoto Takahiro Suzuki 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2017年第7期1534-1549,共16页
The production of a secondary metabolite such as anthocyanin is coordinately regulated by plant intrinsic factors and influenced by multiple environmental factors. In red leaf lettuce, the red pigment component anthoc... The production of a secondary metabolite such as anthocyanin is coordinately regulated by plant intrinsic factors and influenced by multiple environmental factors. In red leaf lettuce, the red pigment component anthocyanin is important for the commercial value of the crop, but its synchronous regulation by multiple factors is not well understood. Here, we examined the synergistic effects of a night temperature shift and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the production of anthocyanin in red leaf lettuce. Low or high night temperature treatment for 3 days just before harvesting induced the production of anthocyanin without affecting plant biomass. Temperature-dependent activation of anthocyanin accumulation was accelerated by treating with MJ. Night temperature shifts and MJ triggered oxidative stresses in leaves, as indicated by hydrogen peroxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, these oxidative stresses were more evident in leaves simultaneously treated with both a high night temperature and MJ. The activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased alongside the elevation of oxidative stress. Taken together, these results indicate that the combined treatment of a night temperature shift with MJ may accelerate anthocyanin production by increasing the levels of oxidative stress to the leaves of red leaf lettuce. 展开更多
关键词 ANTHOCYANIN night temperature Methyl JASMONATE RED LEAF LETTUCE Oxidative Stress
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Significant Shift of Ambient Night-Time Air Temperature during Rice Growing Season in Major US Rice States
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作者 Kharla Mendez M. Arlene Adviento-Borbe +1 位作者 Argelia Lorence Harkamal Walia 《American Journal of Climate Change》 2021年第1期134-151,共18页
Heat stress studies in rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> sp.) under extreme weather scenarios generally use constant temperatures to influence the crop responses without relation to actual weather changes. These... Heat stress studies in rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> sp.) under extreme weather scenarios generally use constant temperatures to influence the crop responses without relation to actual weather changes. These heat stress studies may have limited implications for future crop yields because elevated temperatures are not based on local temperature fluctuations. This study investigated the night-time air temperature pattern and assessed the status and reliability of available weather station data in four major rice growing states;Arkansas (AR), California (CA), Louisiana (LA) and Texas (TX) using four public weather station databases. Hourly and daily night-time air temperatures from 20:00 to 06:00 were obtained from 1940 to 2018 during the rice growing period. During the 67-year period, a significant increase of 1.12<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C and 0.53<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C in seasonal night air temperature occurred in CA and AR (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.001) while LA and TX showed minimal to no increase in night air temperature. Across all rice states and years, night air temperature fluctuations ranged between ±0.2<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C and ±4<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C with the greatest occurred in CA (2.9<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C) and AR (4.5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C). Mean night-time air temperature across all states ranged from 22.6<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C to 29.5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C with a rate of increase of 0.01<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C to 0.02<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C per year since 1941. Due to a relatively smaller spatial dataset (from 1941-2018), trend analyses for AR, TX and LA showed modest bias with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.5<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C to 1.1<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#176;</span>C of absolute mean temperature across all locations. Results in this study showed seasonal night-time air temperature change occurred in some major US rice producing states during the last 67-years. This study highlights the need for more weather stations near agricultural farms to reliably derive actual temperature patterns in the rice growing regions. 展开更多
关键词 night-Time Air temperature RICE Climate Variability Weather Database US Rice States
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The Effect of Low Night and High Day Temperatures on Photosynthesis in Tomato
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作者 Arne B.Hückstadt A.Suthaparan +1 位作者 L.M.Mortensen H.R.Gislerod 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2013年第12期2323-2331,共9页
If low night temperatures can be combined with high day temperatures, providing optimal growth conditions for plants, a significant energy saving can be achieved in greenhouses. Lowering the night temperature from 18&... If low night temperatures can be combined with high day temperatures, providing optimal growth conditions for plants, a significant energy saving can be achieved in greenhouses. Lowering the night temperature from 18°C to 10°C-11°C for 8 h had no negative effect on the CO2 exchange rate (CER) during the following light period in tomato. This was found both in plants grown in artificial light only or in combination with daylight. Allowing the temperature to increase from 20°C to about 40°C, in parallel with an increasing solar photon flux density (PFD) from 0 up to about 800 μmol·m-2·s-1 in the greenhouse during summer, progressively increased CER when the CO2 concentration was maintained at 900 μmol·mol-1. At 400 μmol·mol-1 CO2, maximum CER was reached at about 600 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD combined with a temperature of 32°C, and leveled out with a further increase in PFD and temperature. Maximum CER at high CO2 concentration was around 100% higher than at low CO2 level. Under early autumn conditions, CER increased up to about 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD/32°C at low CO2 and up to about 600 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD/35°C at high CO2. An elevated CO2 level doubled the CER in this experiment as well. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence showed no effect of low night temperature, high day temperature or CO2 concentration on the quantum yield of photosynthesis, indicating that no treatment negatively affected the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus. The results showed that low night temperatures may be combined with very high day temperatures without any loss of daily photosynthesis particularly in a CO2 enriched atmosphere. If this can be combined with normal plant development and no negative effects on the yield, significant energy savings can be achieved in greenhouses. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon Exchange Rate(CER) Chlorophyll Fluorescence CO2 Concentration Day temperature night temperature Photon Flux Density(PFD) Solanum lycopersicon L.
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Trends of Temperature Extreme Indices over Arusha and Kilimanjaro Regions in Tanzania 被引量:1
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作者 Ladislaus Benedict Chang’a Lovina Peter Japheth +4 位作者 Agnes Lawrence Kijazi Elisia Hamisi Zobanya Leila Francis Muhoma Meshack Anton Mliwa Jafari Swalehe Chobo 《Atmospheric and Climate Sciences》 2021年第3期520-534,共15页
The study aimed at analyzing the trends and variability of temperature extreme</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span st... The study aimed at analyzing the trends and variability of temperature extreme</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> over </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">northeastern highlands in Tanzania, specifically over Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions. Quality controlled mean monthly, daily maximum and minimum temperature data for the period 1961 to 2020</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> obtained from Tanzania Meteorological Authority</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used in the study. Rclimdex and the National Climate Monitoring Products (NMCP) software</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used for computation of the indices at a monthly, seasonal and annual time scale. The computed indices were also subjected to trend analysis to determine their direction and magnitude of change. Extraction and assessment of the top five highest and lowest maximum and minimum temperature</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> also done. Increasing trends of temperature anomalies for seasonal and annual timescale</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were observed for both Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions. Also, the increasing trends of warm and extreme warm days and nights and relatively increasing trends of cold and extreme cold days and nights were observed for both regions. The highest ever recorded temperatures since the establishment of the two stations were 36.3?C observed on 16</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> February 2011 and 38.6?C observed on 22</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nd</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> February 2005 for Arusha and Kilimanjaro respectively. These results indicate that The last two decades have been characterized by enhanced warming, which is consistent with overall global temperature trend patterns as depicted in recent IPCC reports and the report of the State of Climate in Africa. 展开更多
关键词 Climate Extreme Warm night Cold night Extreme temperature Indices NCMP
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Study on Temporal-spatial Change Characteristics of the Extremely Low Temperature Climate Event in Winter of China
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作者 Zhonghong Luo Hangdong Jiang +1 位作者 Jiangyong Pan Jiayou Huang 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2013年第4期10-13,16,共5页
[ Objective] The research aimed to study temporal-spatial change characteristics of the extremely low temperature climate event in winter of China. [MethodI By using actual probability distribution threshold value met... [ Objective] The research aimed to study temporal-spatial change characteristics of the extremely low temperature climate event in winter of China. [MethodI By using actual probability distribution threshold value method, EOF analysis method and the daily minimum temperature data in winter of 1961 -2008 at 195 observatories of China, temporal-spatial change characteristics of the extremely low temperature climate event in win- ter of China in 48 years were analyzed. [ Result] Threshold value calculated by actual probability distribution was higher than that by traditional method, and increase magnitude in east was bigger than that in west, which could describe climatic change situation in China in 48 years better than traditional method. Cold night number in winter of China did not decrease as latitude declined, and it was more in south and north and was less in Yellow River basin and northwest China. Cold night number was the most in northeast Inner Mongolia. Interannual change of the cold night number presented decline tendency. From the 1960s to the eady 1970s, cold night number consistently increased, and change in middle and late periods of the 1960s was severe. From the early 1970s to the middle 1980s, fluctuation of the cold night number was bigger, and increase of the cold night number was the most in 1976. Cold night number from 1986 to the 21= century continuously declined. Change of the cold night number was the most obvious in east region, Guizhou and north Guangxi. Cold night number in northeast China and north Inner Mongolia presented inverting change relationship with that in Yunnan - Kweichow Plateau and Hexi Corridor. [ Conclusion] The research provided reference for eady warning of the extremely low temoerature event in China. 展开更多
关键词 Minimum temperature Extremely low temperature event Cold night Temporal-spatial change characteristics China
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结合多源数据的第二产业时空变化发展研究
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作者 袁德宝 吴雨阳 +1 位作者 郭伟 潘星 《测绘通报》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第9期112-116,共5页
针对夜间灯光数据不能较好地解释第二产业空间布局的问题,本文提出了一种适合第二产业增加值空间化的新方法。该方法将筛选的POI数据与地表温度数据相结合,构建第二产业地表温度POI指数(STPI指数),并与农村居民点的夜间灯光数据耦合建模... 针对夜间灯光数据不能较好地解释第二产业空间布局的问题,本文提出了一种适合第二产业增加值空间化的新方法。该方法将筛选的POI数据与地表温度数据相结合,构建第二产业地表温度POI指数(STPI指数),并与农村居民点的夜间灯光数据耦合建模,以淮海经济区核心城市群为研究区开展研究。结果表明,相比于耦合土地利用数据与夜间灯光遥感数据方法,本文提出的第二产业空间化模型在2014、2016、2018、2020年各个年份的拟合优度(R 2分别为0.926、0.882、0.907、0.896)均优于前者(R 2分别为0.859、0.805、0.880、0.849),每年的平均相对误差均低于前者,平均值维持在10%左右。并以徐州市辖区为例,局部对比两种方法的第二产业空间化结果,本文方法可以显著提高第二产业增加值建模精度与空间化效果,其空间分布与实际更为吻合.本文结果可为有关部门制订区域经济发展规划提供一定的参考。 展开更多
关键词 第二产业空间化 夜间灯光遥感 POI数据 地表温度数据 STPI指数
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不同夜间温度条件下外源水杨酸对大豆产量的调控作用
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作者 张仲法 宋雯雯 +5 位作者 徐彩龙 陈新蕾 吴佩杭 王书君 陈磊 吴存祥 《大豆科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期439-449,共11页
在全球气候变暖的背景下,夜间高温成为大豆高产的不利因素之一。水杨酸(Salicylic Acid,SA)是一种重要的植物激素,外源喷施SA可提升植物应对高温干旱等逆境的能力。为探究夜间高温危害的应对措施,选用2种生育期相近的大豆品种中黄39和中... 在全球气候变暖的背景下,夜间高温成为大豆高产的不利因素之一。水杨酸(Salicylic Acid,SA)是一种重要的植物激素,外源喷施SA可提升植物应对高温干旱等逆境的能力。为探究夜间高温危害的应对措施,选用2种生育期相近的大豆品种中黄39和中黄76,设置3个夜间温度(T1:18℃;T2:23℃;T3:28℃),每个夜间温度下设置3个SA浓度处理(SA0:CK;SA1:0.1 mmol·L^(-1) SA;SA2:0.5 mmol·L^(-1) SA)。探讨外源SA对鼓粒期夜间温度升高环境下大豆产量的调控作用。结果表明:与T1+CK处理相比,夜间温度升高,大豆单株荚数、单株粒数、地上部干物质、产量和收获指数均下降,中黄39和中黄76产量分别降低6.34%~27.13%和14.99%~45.66%。夜间温度升高,喷施SA可显著提高大豆净光合速率、地上部干物质、单株荚数和粒数,降低呼吸强度,使产量和收获指数显著提升,中黄39和中黄76表现一致。其中,28℃夜间温度条件下,喷施SA处理大豆产量增幅达45.69%~48.55%。研究结果表明,外施SA可以在一定程度上缓解夜间高温造成的大豆产量损失,提高收获指数。 展开更多
关键词 大豆 夜间温度 水杨酸 产量 收获指数
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夜间增温对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦干物质及灌浆特性的影响
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作者 张月 贺威 +9 位作者 崔国际 王鸣燕 秦博雅 曹金婷 陶景雯 汪林洁 黄正来 张文静 马尚宇 樊永惠 《麦类作物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期626-638,共13页
为了解灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦生产力对不同阶段夜间增温的反应,以对温度敏感性不同的两个小麦品种扬麦18(春性品种)和烟农19(半冬性品种)为试验材料,采用可移动塑料增温棚,于2021-2022年对小麦进行不同阶段夜间增温[分蘖期-拔节期增温(W ... 为了解灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦生产力对不同阶段夜间增温的反应,以对温度敏感性不同的两个小麦品种扬麦18(春性品种)和烟农19(半冬性品种)为试验材料,采用可移动塑料增温棚,于2021-2022年对小麦进行不同阶段夜间增温[分蘖期-拔节期增温(W T-J N)、拔节期-孕穗期增温(W J-B N)和孕穗期-开花期增温(W B-A N)]及灌浆期高温胁迫处理,比较分析了不同处理下小麦干物质积累及灌浆特性的差异。结果表明,W T-J N和W J-B N处理主要通过缩短小麦播种-开花的时长,延长灌浆期天数,增加花前干物质转运量、花后干物质积累量和花后干物质积累贡献率,进而提高了开花期和成熟期干物质积累量;促进了干物质在成熟期穗轴+颖壳和籽粒中的积累,降低了小麦茎鞘+叶片中的积累量,增产3.08%~7.62%。灌浆期高温胁迫显著降低了两个品种的产量,而与灌浆期高温胁迫处理(NH)相比,W T-J H和W J-B H处理增产1.21%~6.05%。与不增温处理(NN)相比,在W T-J N和W J-B N处理下两个小麦品种的灌浆期粒重及灌浆速率均提高,W B-A N和NH处理则降低了小麦灌浆参数。这说明分蘖期-拔节期和拔节期-孕穗期夜间增温可提高小麦开花期和成熟期的干物质积累量,促进小麦籽粒灌浆,缓解灌浆期高温胁迫对小麦生产力的不利影响,有助于小麦产量形成。 展开更多
关键词 夜间增温 灌浆期高温胁迫 小麦 干物质积累与分配 灌浆特性
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Fields experiments in North China show no decrease in winter wheat yields with night temperature increased by 2.0-2.5°C 被引量:14
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作者 FANG ShiBo TAN KaiYan +2 位作者 REN SanXue ZHANG XinShi ZHAO JunFang 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第6期1021-1027,共7页
The trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature in global warming indicated that the daily minimum temperature (Tmin) has risen more than twice as fast as the daily maximum temperature (Tmax) during the 20th c... The trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature in global warming indicated that the daily minimum temperature (Tmin) has risen more than twice as fast as the daily maximum temperature (Tmax) during the 20th century. Most researchers have focused on how the crops respond to daily mean temperature, whereas few controlled experiments were carried out to in- vestigate how the crops respond to the Train rise. In particular, no experiment research has reported on how crops respond to the higher night temperature, which was the main trend in the climate warming. Taking winter wheat as the test crop, we investi- gated how the winter wheat growth and yields responded to the higher night temperature. In the field experiments, infrared heaters were used to increase higher night temperature (HNT) by about 2.5℃ in contrast to the normal night temperature (CK) in two whole growth durations of winter wheat in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 in North China. The results indicated that, com- pared to the CK treatment, winter wheat yield did not decline in HNT treatment, which increased temperatures by 2.0-2.5℃ in both Wanner year (WY) and Colder year (CY). Furthermore, winter wheat yield in CY increased significantly in HNT treatment. HNT treatment in CY could significantly promote tillering and increase the effective panicles, which increased grain yield significantly (by more than 30% compared with CK). HNT treatment in CY contributed to an increase in the effective panicles and Kernels significantly, although making a significant reduction in 1000-grain weight, but did not lead to the yield decline. Under the HNT treatment, the whole growth duration of the winter wheat was shortened and the phenological dates were earlier except for the beginning of overwintering; the beginnings of the overwintering phase were postponed substantially and the ends of the overwintering phase were ahead of date compared to CK, which shortened the duration of overwintering considerably. We draw on our own studies to show examples of higher night temperature impact on winter wheat in a relative- ly cold year and relatively warm year in North China. Our results refer to winter wheat in North China, not all main winter wheat producing regions, in Huang-Huai and Southwest of China. Some uncertainties of our predictions derive from fast pro- gress in crop breeding, the variability of climate, and the role of adaptive actions in the future. As expected, the adaptation measures should be considered to cope with the impacts of global warming on crops, and further research and assessments should be conducted. 展开更多
关键词 climate change higher night temperature winter wheat YIELDS adaptation
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昼夜温差对茶鲜叶挥发性及非挥发性品质成分及相关生理指标的影响
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作者 陈林怡 郭豪 +5 位作者 陈红梅 张哿烨 廖露露 周婉婷 张梦雪 易志刚 《热带作物学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期793-803,共11页
茶叶品质与茶树(Camellia sinensis)的生长生态环境密切相关,其中昼夜温差的变化影响茶树代谢产物的合成与积累,进而影响茶叶品质。本研究选取福云六号茶树为研究对象,模拟设置0、5、10、15℃4个昼夜温差(DIF)处理,通过模拟DIF变化来探... 茶叶品质与茶树(Camellia sinensis)的生长生态环境密切相关,其中昼夜温差的变化影响茶树代谢产物的合成与积累,进而影响茶叶品质。本研究选取福云六号茶树为研究对象,模拟设置0、5、10、15℃4个昼夜温差(DIF)处理,通过模拟DIF变化来探究其对茶树光合作用与茶鲜叶挥发性及非挥发性品质成分的影响。研究结果表明:随着DIF增大,茶树净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))显著增大(P<0.05)。DIF增大显著增加叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、叶绿素a+b[Chl(a+b)]、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量,并且在DIF为10℃时含量达到最大。DIF变化对茶鲜叶挥发性组分和主要组分的相对含量均有影响,茶鲜叶挥发性成分中醇类和醛类相对含量最大。DIF增大提高醛类物质的相对含量,并且茶鲜叶挥发性成分的种类与主要香气成分的相对含量随DIF变化有所差异,其中正己醛的相对含量随DIF的增大而增加,DIF为15℃时其相对含量最高,为39.94%,青叶醇的相对含量则随DIF的增大而降低。DIF的变化显著影响β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-樱草糖苷酶和脂氧合酶活性,其中β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-樱草糖苷酶活性随DIF的增大呈先增后降的趋势,在DIF为5℃时达到最大,而脂氧合酶活性则相反。游离氨基酸和咖啡碱含量随DIF的增大显著增加,DIF为15℃时其含量分别是DIF为0℃时的2.44倍和2.55倍;总黄酮含量与酚氨比则随DIF的增大显著降低(P<0.05),在DIF为15℃时均达到最低,分别为2.84%和3.24。茶鲜叶中的游离氨基酸含量与P_(n)呈极显著正相关,而酚氨比与P_(n)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。本研究发现DIF增大可明显影响茶鲜叶的挥发性香气物质,提高茶叶滋味品质,研究结论可为茶园选址和茶树种植提供理论依据。 展开更多
关键词 茶树 昼夜温差 茶叶香气 茶叶滋味 生理指标
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红外夜视机器人体表温度控制的研究
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作者 杨诺 王维 +1 位作者 周昕 雷剑梅 《现代制造技术与装备》 2024年第8期190-194,共5页
目前,夜间行车导致交通事故发生频率较高,对行人及驾驶员的生命安全造成了严重威胁。越来越多的汽车上安装了车载夜视系统,对于提高汽车主动安全性起着十分重要的作用,但现阶段车载夜视系统的测试与评价设备较少。为了客观评价车载夜视... 目前,夜间行车导致交通事故发生频率较高,对行人及驾驶员的生命安全造成了严重威胁。越来越多的汽车上安装了车载夜视系统,对于提高汽车主动安全性起着十分重要的作用,但现阶段车载夜视系统的测试与评价设备较少。为了客观评价车载夜视系统,开发能够模拟控制人体体表温度的红外夜视机器人,实现对车载夜视系统的智能评测。 展开更多
关键词 车载夜视系统 红外夜视机器人 体表温度
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基于角果皮转录组研究夜间低温对油菜种子含油量的影响
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作者 米超 王晋雄 《西藏农业科技》 2024年第2期6-15,共10页
为探究油菜角果皮对夜间低温的响应情况,结合主要气象因子分析不同海拔油菜种子含油量变化趋势,通过不同海拔及夜间低温处理试验,对不同处理间材料进行含油量及脂肪酸含量检测,进一步对各处理的角果皮进行转录组分析。结果表明,随着海... 为探究油菜角果皮对夜间低温的响应情况,结合主要气象因子分析不同海拔油菜种子含油量变化趋势,通过不同海拔及夜间低温处理试验,对不同处理间材料进行含油量及脂肪酸含量检测,进一步对各处理的角果皮进行转录组分析。结果表明,随着海拔升高,强敏感型材料DH0815种子含油量和芥酸含量显著升高,弱敏感型材料DH0729则差异不显著;夜间温度越低,DH0815含油量及芥酸含量差异越大,因此,夜间温度是影响油菜DH0815种子含油量及芥酸含量的主要因素;结合生育期数据,得出20/18℃(CK)和20/13℃(LNT)为研究夜间低温对油菜种子含油量的相对处理条件;转录组结果显示,夜间低温促进了油菜角果皮蔗糖合成及转运和相关转录因子基因(SIP、ATPase 11、SUT、SWEET、SPP、CINV1、SUC1、ABI4、WRKY51、NAC104、DOF3、ARF8)上调表达,保证了种子油脂合成的底物含量和能量水平,促进了角果皮蔗糖向种子转运效率,同时,在LNT处理下,DH0815种子中油脂合成相关基因(SAD、HAD、KASⅡ、FAD2、FAD3、KAR、ECR)的表达量显著上调,该验证结果与转录组结果相吻合。夜间温度是影响油菜种子含油量和芥酸含量的主要因素,夜间低温使得油菜角果皮蔗糖合成及转运和相关转录因子基因上调表达,蔗糖转运和合成能力增强,促进了油脂合成底物的增加和能量水平的提高,进而促进油菜种子油脂合成。 展开更多
关键词 油菜 夜间低温 角果皮 转录组 含油量 基因表达
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温度与亮度:巴金《寒夜》的概念隐喻内蕴探微
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作者 黄思楠 《哈尔滨学院学报》 2024年第10期90-94,共5页
隐喻不仅是修辞手段,也是认知方式。巴金的小说《寒夜》隐喻丰沛,内蕴丰富。文章分类提取小说中有意施为的温度与亮度相关的始源域,进行类型分析和必要的文本统计,对巴金隐喻思维的映射过程进行初步描述,继而揭示小说中温度、亮度隐喻... 隐喻不仅是修辞手段,也是认知方式。巴金的小说《寒夜》隐喻丰沛,内蕴丰富。文章分类提取小说中有意施为的温度与亮度相关的始源域,进行类型分析和必要的文本统计,对巴金隐喻思维的映射过程进行初步描述,继而揭示小说中温度、亮度隐喻的本体域与喻源域应用到文学文本时所产生的跨域性张力与多维的艺术技巧。在此基础上,进一步考察《寒夜》的意象图式,揭示巴金小说隐喻思维的认知构建,为探究巴金小说的人物情感、时代特征以及文本寓意提供新的理论视镜。 展开更多
关键词 《寒夜》 温度 亮度 概念隐喻 内蕴
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长期夜间高温对9个大豆品种营养生长期的影响
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作者 舒天楚 Daryl Chastain 《种子》 北大核心 2024年第7期81-90,96,共11页
为探究夜间高温对大豆从播种到花期的生理影响,确定大豆由长期夜间高温产生的表型变异是否由基因型差异引起,对9个大豆品种从播种到花期施加极端夜间高温(EHNT,30℃/30℃,昼/夜),研究此环境对大豆生理指标和营养生长的影响。测量指标包... 为探究夜间高温对大豆从播种到花期的生理影响,确定大豆由长期夜间高温产生的表型变异是否由基因型差异引起,对9个大豆品种从播种到花期施加极端夜间高温(EHNT,30℃/30℃,昼/夜),研究此环境对大豆生理指标和营养生长的影响。测量指标包括:光合作用速率、呼吸作用速率、叶绿素含量和荧光分析。结果表明,在高光照强度[1 750μmol/(m^(2)·s)]下的营养生长阶段长期极端夜间高温降低了光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量和PSⅡ效率(Fv/Fm),但不改变呼吸作用速率。从显著降低的这些生理指标中观察到了品种变异。部分品种通过未产生变化的地上部生物量显示出对极端夜间高温的耐受性。在大豆品种S14-15146R和DS25-1中,极端夜间高温耐受性可能与PSⅡ的光化学效率(Fv/Fm)有关。 展开更多
关键词 夜间高温 大豆 FV/FM 光合作用 营养生长期
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Satellite mapping of air temperature under polar night conditions
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作者 Kritsuk Sergei Victor Gornyy +6 位作者 Tatiana Davidan Iscander Latypov Alexandra Manvelova Pavel Konstantinov Andrei Tronin Mikhail Varentsov Mikhail Vasiliev 《Geo-Spatial Information Science》 SCIE EI CSCD 2022年第2期325-336,共12页
A novel satellite technique for air temperature mapping with a spatial resolution of~100 m was proposed for the town of Apatity,the Kola Peninsula(Russia),taken as a case study.The main idea behind this novel techniqu... A novel satellite technique for air temperature mapping with a spatial resolution of~100 m was proposed for the town of Apatity,the Kola Peninsula(Russia),taken as a case study.The main idea behind this novel technique is to find the statistical relationships between the land surface temperatures in each point of the study area,observed by multiple infrared thermal satellite imagery,and the time series of air temperatures recorded by World Meteorological Organization(WMO)weather station.Fourteen scenes of infrared thermal spectral band of the Landsat satellites for the period 2014–2019 were used,as well as the long-term time series of air temperature from the weather station and the results of air temperature observations carried out by the network of loggers.For calm weather conditions,according to the ground truth,the error of air temperature mapping wasσ=1.5°C,and the precision was estimated asδ=1.0°C.An analysis of the compiled air temperature map showed that,under polar night conditions,the air temperature on the hilltops was by 10–18°C higher than in the lowlands.It was concluded that,for economic reasons,as well as for the reasons of population health protection in the Arctic,it would be advisable to plan the placement of new cities on the hills.Each of these new areas should be designed in a“semi-isolated”manner in order to minimize the time needed by the local people for crossing the lowlands between the nearby districts.A characteristic feature of modern megalopolises is their internal structure formed by the growing primary settlements that can be considered as nuclei interlinked by transportation routes.Thus,the new Arctic cities can be called“Arctic megalopolises”because of their internal structure that is specific to megalopolises. 展开更多
关键词 Polar night town of Apatity air temperature satellite images time series regression MAPPING bioclimatic comfort
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