The effect of noise exposure on sleep quality of urban residents:A comparative study in Shanghai,China

Noise exposure is becoming extremely common in urban area,but its specific impact on sleep remains controversial.Considering the limitations of previous researches,a field study which can conduct both horizontal and longitudinal analysis was designed.Urban participants were tested during two weeks in their homes,and the noise level of bedroom was artificially regulated by changing the status of window and door.During the 1050 test nights in 75 households,noise exposure was reflected from both instrument monitoring at night and perception questionnaire in the morning,and sleep quality was accessed from actigraphy and questionnaire.The analysis results showed that,92.3%of the bedroom acoustic environment did not meet the minimum requirements of Chinese standards,and 87.9%of subjects had ever experienced harmful noise during the test period.Furthermore,sleep quality was affected by noise exposure from the perspective of both physiological and psychological;the duration of rapid eye movement(REM)sleep was significantly(p<0.05)shortened with the increase of sound intensity,the duration of deep sleep shortened and subjective sleep quality worsened significantly(p<0.05)with the increase of acoustic sensation vote.In addition,females were more sensitive to noise exposure and their subjective sleep quality was more likely to be influenced by emotions.This study has important implications for acoustic environment design of bedrooms in cities,and suggested more attention should be paid to the anxiety caused by noise exposure.

The Organizational Working Conditions from a Governance Perspective:An Analytical Framework

To pursue high-quality development,China needs to create new working conditions for workers to improve the quality of their work."Working conditions"refers to the kind of working climate and state that people perceive in their organizations,a perception will have an important impact on their organizational behavior.Improving the working conditions of an organization is actually a social process of organizational governance.In observing organizational working conditions from a governance perspective,it is necessary to take into consideration"embeddedness"as a structural background and the work unit(danwei)as an institutional vehicle.It is imperative to emphasize both organizational order and the subjective perceptions of individuals.It also essential to analyze the organization’s social solidarity,its contlicts and integration and its protections and inclusion,the participation of its members,their interaction and the structure of their roles,and the organization’s structure and functions.This analytical framework provides a more comprehensive picture of organizational governance,which in turn reflects the organization’s working conditions and provides insights into overall research and dialogue in the disciplinary field of working conditions.

A Study on the Model of Fact‑Finding in Criminal Investigation

Fact‑finding,as the foundation of a judicial decision,has been an important consideration in China’s judicial reform.This study introduces the theory of evidence‑based information and falsification methods in the fact‑finding procedure of criminal investigations and proposes a paradigm for fact‑finding using combined pairs of approaches:individual evidence examination and global analysis,the objective basis and subjective perception of fact‑finders,and methods of verification and falsification.The working procedure of the paradigm is illustrated with the objective of making a contribution to the improvement of the existing model of fact‑finding in the criminal justice process.