The Principle of Subsidiarity

The power of the Greek intellect has been evinced in the principle of subsidiarity “… for he ought to have a proper power, and such a one is that which will be sufficient to make the king superior to any one person or even a large part of the community, but inferior to the whole…”, Politics by Aristotle, Book 3, 1286 b. The principle of subsidiarity inspires each building of federal type and it should be applied with spirit of collaboration of various rungs of power. The principle of subsidiarity does not constitute a principle of distribution of competences but regulates the exercise of powers and fixes in who sectors is permissible the action of Union establishing a type of evidence in favor the more inferior rung with the thought that, when the decision is taken as much as possible more near interested, in the citizen, it has increased prospects of effectiveness, after it creates to him a feeling of proximity and attendance in this. In accordance with this principle, the Union may intervene in areas which do not fall within its exclusive competence only insofar as the objectives of the intended action cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of the scale or effects of the proposed action, be better achieved at Union level. The principle of subsidiarity constitutes driver as for the way at which it should be practiced this powers in European level. It is intended to determine whether the Union can intervene or should let the Member States take action. The subsidiarity constitutes dynamic significance and it must be applied in the light of objectives that are mentioned in the Treaty.

A Critique on the Application of the Principle of Subsidiarity Concerning Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research in South Africa

Researchers from all around the world emphasize on the enormous possible benefits that stem cells may have for the treatment of diseases. However, this technology is considered morally problematic when the source of the stem cell is from a human embryo. Nonetheless, there is a consensus that of all the types of stem cells, hESC （human embryonic stem ceils） are the most promising for particular and important research and therapies. Yet, there are controversial issues regarding the ＂killing＂ of the human embryo for stem cell derivation. There are two general ethical conditions that should govern the instrumental use of embryo. One of them, the principle of subsidiarity, which is defined as ＂a state we have that we have to choose the less contentious means of achieving the intended goal＂. Based on this principle, we ought only to use hESC when there are no other alternatives, which are less morally controversially. Subsidiarity is based on the assumption that there is something ethically unsound about the use ofhESC. However, this principle only makes sense if it is based on consistently upheld views of the moral status of embryo, moreover, the law should also not limit or prohibit hESC research based on this principle. In this paper, I argue---using the South African law for hESC technology--that criterion for deciding which type of stem cells to use should be based on their potential and suitability for advancing scientific knowledge and development of new therapies which will be greatly beneficial in alleviating human suffering.

Responsibility Distribution Between the Government and Society in Guaranteeing Basic Senior Care Services

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the task to ensure all elderly people enjoy basic senior care services.In an aging society,basic senior care services are key to protecting the basic human rights of the elderly.The government-society partnership is an ideal model to guarantee basic senior care services.In terms of responsibility distribution,the government and social organizations should follow the principle of subsidiarity.On the one hand,social organizations undertake the responsibility to provide basic senior care services under public constraints with regard to service prices,service content,and service targets;On the other hand,the government is the responsible guarantor for minimum senior care services and the prevention of risks.The government’s responsibility of guaranteeing minimum senior care services lies in the government taking over relevant projects after the occurrence of risks.Constrained by the principle of subsidiarity,the government’s responsibility for risk prevention shifts from ex-ante prevention to interim and ex-post prevention.Emphasis should be placed on the principle of the government and society assuming shared responsibilities for risk prevention and achieving risk prevention through government spending.

THE NATURAL LAW FOUNDATION OF THE MARKET

In answering three important questions related to natural law,this paper offers a coherent explanation of the market.We argue that the market,rather than a mechanism that simply serves narrow self-interests,finds its legitimacy in the ethical origins of the market order.The need for law to support and sustain the market,including by imposing necessary limits on the freedom of the market players,flows from those ethical origins.

West Mining Expanding Into Lead Zinc Smelting Industry

West Mining,China’s 2nd largest lead zinc miner(only next to Yunnan Jinding Zinc with an annual lead and zinc output of approx. 180,000 tons in metal content),has been put- ting efforts on the control of resources for years.Additionally,it has recently increased its investment on smelting business by holding shares of Bayanzhuoer Zijin for more zinc smelting asset.West Mining has just com- pleted the construction of its 60,000-ton

Five Large Scale Rare Earth Enterprises Settling Down in Long-nan Rare Earth Industrial Base

The work on Longnan Rare Earth Industrial Base in Longnan County of Jiangxi Province is going forward against tight schedule.Jiangxi Hetai New Light Source Company with an in- vestment of 200 million yuan is working on the construction of workshops.Jiangxi

CNPC Wins Bid for Peruvian Gas Block

In September,a consortium of CNPC(China National Petroleum Corp.),Reliance Industries Ltd.(RIL)and Argentina’s Pluspetrol won the exploration rights for agas block

PROJECT NEWS

On October 9th,2007 the 120 000 t/a methylamine/DMF (dimethylformamide) project in Jiuyang Company of Anyang Jiutian ChemicalGroup was completed and went on stream in Anyang,Henan province.The project has a total investment of around RMB400 million andoccupies an area of 5.3 hectares.The completion of the project hasenabled the company to become the leading mixed methylamine andDMF producer in China.Jiutian Chemical Group is a subsidiary of Anyang Chemical Indus-try Group Co.,Ltd.It got listed in Singapore Exchange Limited,SGXon May 4th,2006.Anyang Chemical Industry Group Co.,Ltd is one of the 500 largestchemical industry enterprises in China.Major products of the com-pany include urea,combined fertilizer,DMF,methanol and mixedmethylamine.