Influence of Different Subsistence States of CeO_2^-ZrO_2 Mixed Oxides in Catalyst Coating on Catalytic Properties

The metallic substrate-catalysts with different subsistence states of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides were prepared and the catalytic properties were investigated. The studies on CeO2-ZrO2-V2O5-CuO mixed oxides which were prepared by coprecipitation, show that the doping of V^5＋ and Cu^2＋ in CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides can enhance the catalytic activity and thermal stability of coating materials. Moreover, different additives were doped in slurries of γ-Al2O3 to investigate the influence of additives on oxidation activity of catalysts. The mixture of ceria-zirconia, alkali metals and other rare earths acting as additives exhibits promotion effect on oxidation activity by optimizing the distribution of oxygen on the surface and in the bulk of ceria species. This mentioned mixture was mixed with γ-Al2O3 and a newly proposed active component to prepare a new catalyst. Afterward, the influence of thermal treatment on the new catalyst were investigated by calcinations at 500, 650, 750, 800, 850 and 900 ℃ for 2 h. The light-off curves of CO and HC show that after being treated at 650 - 750 ℃, catalysts present the best activity. XRD patterns show that ceria and zirconia species in the newly proposed active component form a phase of extra CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides on the surface of catalysts after the thermal treatment at 750 ℃, which has practical value for improving the preparation process and promoting the catalytic properties. Moreover, XPS resuits imply the existence of Ce1-xPdxO2-σ and Ce1- xPtxO2-σ on the surface of these treated samples, which may show influence on the catalytic activities.

Targeted Poverty Alleviation Lies in Precisely Identifying the Poverty–Stricken Population: An Analysis of the Targeting Effect of the Rural Subsistence Allowance Policy

Poverty–stricken populations must be identified precisely in the fight against poverty to implement the strategy of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020. The analysis based on the household survey in 2013 shows that the targeting accuracy is not high based on the standard of income and the accuracy is higher based on the standard of multidimensional poverty index. But the latter still has a low coverage rate. To gradually achieve integration of the rural poverty line and the rural subsistence allowance line, standards applied to identifying households entitled to subsistence allowances should be changed from the standard of income to multidimensional poverty indexes. A unified standard of subsistence allowances and a unified method for identifying related households should be developed. At the same time, coverage and funding of subsistence allowances should be extended and increased to better meet people's basic needs.

The Chinese Expression of the Right to Subsistence:The Progressive Disclosure of the Dual Dimensions

Dedicated to the independence and prosperity of the country and the happiness of the people,the Communist Party of China has continuously enriched and developed the human rights system with Chinese characteristics during a century of arduous efforts.The right to subsistence,as the primary basic human right,is expressed from dual dimensions:the international dimension and the domestic dimension.However,the current Chinese human rights discourse hasn’t paid enough attention to the international dimension of the right to subsistence,and its content at the domestic dimension needs further clarification.This not only makes it difficult to provide a sound theoretical basis and development direction for the practices of the right to subsistence but also directly affects the integrity of the human rights system with Chinese characteristics,which is not conducive to using our human rights discourse to disseminate China’s achievements and gain international recognition.Therefore,it is vital to further improve the theory construction of the dual dimensions of the right to subsistence in the human rights system with Chinese characteristics.With the country as the main form and carrier,the international dimension of the right to subsistence originates from the people’s demands emerging from the domestic level and ending at the international level.It aims to be able to stand in the international community with dignity and possess good conditions and environments at home and abroad for the people to exercise and protect their rights.The domestic dimension of the right to subsistence centers on each individual,takes development as the measurement of human rights,and looks at the initial stage of the development axis.The progress from the domestic dimension of the right to subsistence to the right to development is achieved by satisfying the underlying needs for people’s subsistence.This also reflects the progressive deepening of emerging from the inside,responding from the outside,and then moving from the outside to the inside.

Review of Effective Convergence between China's Rural Minimum Subsistence Security System and the Development Policy of Poverty Alleviation

Based on the conclusion of the related researches on China's rural poverty alleviation policies and poverty problems,studies of Chinese scholars on the convergence between rural minimum subsistence system and the development policies of poverty alleviation are illustrated and personal understandings proposed.On the one hand,considering the actual situations of the quickening of China's urbanization and deepening of poverty,it is necessary to make significant adjustment and transformation in China's poverty reduction policies and minimum subsistence security system.On the other hand,it is pointed out that there is no omnipotent experience to follow in the convergence of minimum subsistence security system and poverty reduction policies.The actual conditions in various regions should be taken into consideration.And it is suggested that China should achieve the organic integration of rural minimum subsistence security system and poverty alleviation policies from management,capital and policy.

Subsistence Farming Towards Sustainable Economic Agriculture of Small Farmers in the Developing Countries

Subsistence farming,a form of cultivation in which almost all crops or livestock are used to maintain farms and the farm family,leaving little,surplus for sale and trade.Pre-industrial farming peoples all over the countries of the worldwide apply subsistence agriculture system and take advantage of the possibilities available to them from land and water resources in all locations of agriculture sites.The agricultural production has become more specialized and developed in the subsistence farming system,and farmers have produced abundant production from many horticulture crops that are traded among them and achieve their selfsufficiency from those crops.

Practical Logic and Discourse Interpretation of China’s Efforts to Safeguard the Right to Subsistence

The Communist Party of China has led the Chinese people to write a brilliant chapter of national development over the past century,wherein the nation has sounded a clarion call for safeguarding the right to subsistence and made fruitful achievements in this regard.However,there is still room for improvement in its systematic discourse of the right to subsistence.To accurately understand the Chinese theory on the right to subsistence,we must base it on China’s historical background and social reality.Through mining the white papers on human rights progress in China over the years and analyzing Chinese practices recorded thereby,we can figure out the practical logic for the country’s efforts in the protection of the right to subsistence,and with this as a clue,we can further interpret its discourse on the right to subsistence.Issues related to the right to subsistence can be divided into two levels:“basically solved”and“truly solved”.The former involves the settlement of the most fundamental issues closely related to the right to subsistence in fields like food,education,medical care,housing,and drinking water,and the latter corresponds to“improvement”in the right to subsistence.While consolidating and upgrading the existing basic rights,China works to enable its people to truly gain a foothold in society and achieve their aspiration for a better life through combining assistance and support from the government and society and the efforts of individuals.Understanding the right to subsistence in a dynamic and developmental manner is instrumental in better understanding the alignment between the right to subsistence and other human rights.

From Poverty To a Well-Off Life——Chinese people enjoy full rights to subsistence and development

Ⅰ The Chinese government has always attached much importance to human rights and placed the rights to subsistence and development of the more than one billion people above everything else. In the fundamental interests of the broadest possible masses of people, it has adopted a series of major policy measures toward this end, thus winning the support and love of the people. 1. No wavering in making economic development its central task and a matter of the first and foremost importance in invigo-

Research on the Virtuous Cycle Between the Right to Subsistence and the Right to Development

The right to subsistence and the right to development are the primary basic human rights,and there is a certain connection between the two.Although they refer to different things,they are mutually dependent and restricted.It is necessary to distinguish the right to development as a means and the right to development as an end.The former is the right to participate in,promote,and enjoy development,while the latter is the right of all people to enjoy free,comprehensive,and harmonious development.The protection of the right to subsistence and the right to development form an interacting virtuous cycle under certain conditions.The process of building a moderately prosperous society embodies this virtuous cycle.To build a modern socialist country in an all-round way,it is still necessary to keep on promoting the virtuous cycle between the right to subsistence and the right to development.

Western China Development Drive——Strategic decision for improving right to subsistence and development

The implementation of the Western China Development Strategy is a concrete expression of accelerating the economic development and social progress and sateguarding and protecting the right to subsistence and development of the people in that part of the country,

Study on the Rights to Subsistence and Development with Reference to the Origin of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

I.The History of the Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:the Position and Role of the UN Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations should not be Ignored The reason for me to use the term "source"in the discussion on the right to subsistence

Subsistence strategies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation

The study of prehistoric hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the mechanisms and processes of human adaption to high altitude environments.But to date,only a few Paleolithic sites have been found on the Tibetan Plateau with clear stratigraphy and reliable dating.These sites are mainly distributed in the Qinghai Lake Basin on the northeastern part of the plateau,and the sporadic fauna and flora remains excavated provide limited information about the subsistence strategies of hunter-gatherers.In 2014,relatively abundant animal remains were unearthed in the Lower Cultural Layer (LCL,15400-13100 cal yr BP) of the"151 site"located in the Qinghai Lake Basin,providing important information about human subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation.Zooarchaeological analysis of these faunal remains indicates that hunter-gatherers at the"151 site"mainly targeted large ungulates of Bos and wild horse/ass,and only brought back the most nutritious parts of animal carcasses including upper and intermediate limb bones,heads,and trunks (ribs and vertebrae).People then processed and consumed the carcasses around single hearths.Our comprehensive analyses of contemporaneous sites in the Qinghai Lake Basin show that a subsistence strategy involving opportunistic hunting of ungulates,high mobility,and short occupation of campsites was used by terminal Pleistocene huntergatherers to adapt to the high-altitude environment on the Tibetan Plateau.This subsistence strategy may have been a first step of gradual hunter-gatherer adaptation to the extreme conditions on the Tibetan Plateau after the Last Glacial Maximum,and laid the foundation for the widespread distribution of hunter-gatherers on the plateau during the Holocene.

The subsistence patterns of the Shengedaliang site(-4,000 yr BP)revealed by stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in northern Shaanxi,China

In order to explore subsistence patterns in northern Shaanxi Province around 4,000 yr BP,28 human and 24 animal bones from the Shengedaliang site were sampled for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio analysis.The results show that most people primarily subsisted on C_4 resources,e.g.millet and millet-related animal products,despite the fact that there was some intake of C_3 plants by some individuals.Stable nitrogen isotope values indicate that there were differences in meat consumption between individuals at the site.Pigs were mainly foddered with millet and millet byproducts,as well as some cattle,according to their highδ^(13)C values.However,most cattle and the sheep/goats consumed wild C_3 plants at Shengedaliang.Our above findings indicates that subsistence patterns in northern Shaanxi around 4,000 yr BP were characterized by millet farming,while the grassland animal husbandry,e.g.cattle and sheep/goats raising,displayed very little contribution to local economy.The intensive millet farming in northern Shaanxi provided enough food for population growth,ensured the accumulation of wealth,and consequently accelerated social differentiation and complexity.

Pottery lipid analysis at the Shangzhai site,Beijing,and its implication for subsistence strategy

As the crossroads of prehistoric cultures,the Beijing region is an important area for studying the exchange of prehistoric culture and the spread of millet agriculture.Although millet remains have been found in the Donghulin site during the Early Neolithic Age,there is little millet remains during the Middle and Late Neolithic Age,so there is a gap of approximately2,000 years since the time of the Donghulin site.The Shangzhai site is located in the Pinggu Basin in eastern Beijing,and it has a large time span with sequential strata;however,there are few large animals and plant remains found at this site,thus the subsistence strategy of ancient people remains unclear.In this study,the absorbed lipids of pottery sherds unearthed in the Neolithic cultural layer of the Shangzhai site were extracted and analysed.The results show that these potteries were used to process millet,the meat of terrestrial non-ruminants and wild ruminants,and dairy of wild ruminants,providing new insights for the subsistence strategy and the development of millet agriculture in the Middle and Late Neolithic Age of Beijing.In addition,the food processing in pottery may be an internal heating method,such as stone boiling.

Human Rights Protection and Economic Development in China： Right to Subsistence-based Development and its Future

Historically, economic development and human fights go hand in hand. On the one hand, the protection of human rights is the purpose of economic development, i.e., promoting economic and social rights through economic development, and then creating conditions for the realization of civil and political fights. On the other hand, the protection of human rights is a means to economic development, and only through the protection of human fights, can sustained and healthy economic development be realized. The economic development model of China since 1978, for quite a long period of time, is suitable for subsistence-based development. However, it also has created risks of economic failure and political legitimacy crises. So it is necessary to adopt a scientific development model which values human rights.

Does Urban and Rural Subsistence Security System Reduce Future Poverty?Empirical Analysis Based on Vulnerability to Poverty

For a long time,related literature on researching the relationship between subsistence security system and poverty focuses on the current effects while ignoring its long-term effects.With the aid of CFPS2012 micro survey data,this paper empirically investigates the impact of the urban and rural subsistence security system on the household vulnerability to poverty.The Method of Propensity Score Matching(PSM)has been adopted in this paper to eliminate the sample selection bias as far as possible.Basic results show that subsistence security system has not significantly improved the vulnerability to poverty of the family,and may increase the possibility of falling into poverty in the future,which conclusion is valid for both urban and rural households.

洛南手斧上的淀粉粒与古人类使用石器的策略

本项研究通过对陕西洛南张豁口遗址发现的淀粉粒进行分析,聚焦旧石器时代早期人类如何利用植物性食物资源。张豁口遗址出土的阿舍利工业产品上保存了微量的淀粉粒,尽管数量较低,但却为研究早期人类利用植物性资源提供了宝贵的证据,为解读人类早期历史提供了重要线索。此外,本研究深入探讨了早期人类对根茎类植物挖掘、采集和食用行为的可能性,指出根茎类植物不仅为早期人类提供了重要的营养价值,在人类饮食结构中占据核心地位,而且对于理解旧石器时代早期石制品使用方式、环境适应策略、古人类认知水平的演变等问题也具有重要意义。

数字空间中的爱国主义话语:嬗变、转向与应对

人类社会逐步进入新数字常态,数字化存在已成为一种基本存在方式。对数字空间中爱国主义话语进行审视,数字空间内自我身份的变化不居、空间交互的多元在场、情感主体的体验悬置、话语算法的多重博弈等因素在改变着爱国主义话语的存在场域和实践样貌,为爱国主义话语的发展带来了深刻变革和全新图景。在数据空间的全新挑战与机遇之下,需进一步加强爱国主义话语认同、话语共识、话语信任和话语治理建设,使其始终因应数据社会的环境变革,从数据新形态构筑稳固的爱国主义情感共同体。

四川宁南钟家梁子遗址人骨的稳定同位素

本文通过对四川宁南县钟家梁子遗址人骨样品的C、N稳定同位素分析,探索该遗址及金沙江中下游地区先民的食物结构和生业经济。结果显示,钟家梁子遗址先民的δ^(13)C值范围为-18.4‰~-10.0‰,δ^(15)N值范围为4.76‰~12.63‰,表明其食物结构中C_(3)、C_(4)类食物均占有一定比例,且摄入了较多的动物性蛋白;不同性别、年龄及葬俗的群体间存在食谱差异。结合当地的自然环境及相关考古成果,推测钟家梁子遗址先民从事稻/粟混作农业,并通过采集野生植物进行补充;对动物资源的利用具有多样性,渔猎及家畜饲养均占有重要地位。通过对金沙江中下游地区相关研究的进一步梳理,发现该地区新石器时代晚期至青铜时代的作物结构一直以稻/粟混作为主,青铜时代开始种植小麦、大麦、大豆等作为补充,对植物资源的利用越发灵活和多样化。此外,该地区不同遗址的经济结构存在较大差别,可能受到了自然环境、地形阻隔、人群交流及当地文化传统等因素的影响。

贵州普定穿洞遗址1981年出土的骨制品

本文从微观宏观结合、定量定性并重的研究视角,对穿洞遗址1981年出土的数件典型骨器的形态特征、加工技术和使用痕迹进行了系统分析,对其工艺和功能进行了较为详细的阐释与恢复。结果显示:穿洞古人类倾向于选择大型鹿类动物的长骨骨干制作尖刃器,而以牛的长骨骨干制作铲型器;加工骨器的技术包括打制、刮削、磨制、切刻、抛光等。此外,与早年研究结果有所不同,穿洞遗址中的两尖器应为复合工具,且其主要应用于钻孔或切割等活动而非通常所认知的渔猎;骨锥类工具可能用于兽皮穿孔;铲形器刃口形态各异,但其使用痕迹特征基本一致,表明其主要用于挖掘地下块茎类植物。本文为穿洞史前骨工业的技术特征、文化源流以及古人类生计模式、生存状态的探索与研究提供了新的证据。