Convergent morphological evolution is widespread in flowering plants,and understanding this phenomenon relies on well-resolved phylogenies.Nuclear phylogenetic reconstruction using transcriptome datasets has been succ...Convergent morphological evolution is widespread in flowering plants,and understanding this phenomenon relies on well-resolved phylogenies.Nuclear phylogenetic reconstruction using transcriptome datasets has been successful in various angiosperm groups,but it is limited to taxa with available fresh materials.Asteraceae,which are one of the two largest angiosperm families and are important for both ecosystems and human livelihood,show multiple examples of convergent evolution.Nuclear Asteraceae phylogenies have resolved relationships among most subfamilies and many tribes,but many phylogenetic and evolutionary questions regarding subtribes and genera remain,owing to limited sampling.Here,we increased the sampling for Asteraceae phylogenetic reconstruction using transcriptomes and genome-skimming datasets and produced nuclear phylogenetic trees with 706 species representing two-thirds of recognized subtribes.Ancestral character reconstruction supports multiple convergent evolutionary events in Asteraceae,with gains and losses of bilateral floral symmetry correlated with diversification of some subfamilies and smaller groups,respectively.Presence of the calyx-related pappus may have been especially important for the success of some subtribes and genera.Molecular evolutionary analyses support the likely contribution of duplications of MADS-box and TCP floral regulatory genes to innovations in floral morphology,including capitulum inflorescences and bilaterally symmetric flowers,potentially promoting the diversification of Asteraceae.Subsequent divergences and reductions in CYC2 gene expression are related to the gain and loss of zygomorphic flowers.This phylogenomic work with greater taxon sampling through inclusion of genome-skimming datasets reveals the feasibility of expanded evolutionary analyses using DNA samples for understanding convergent evolution.展开更多
Establishing how lineages with similar traits are phylogenetically related remains critical for understanding the origin of biodiversity on Earth.Floral traits in plants are widely used to explore phylogenetic relatio...Establishing how lineages with similar traits are phylogenetically related remains critical for understanding the origin of biodiversity on Earth.Floral traits in plants are widely used to explore phylogenetic relationships and to delineate taxonomic groups.The subtribe Swertiinae(Gentianaceae)comprises more than 350 species with high floral diversity ranging from rotate to tubular corollas and possessing diverse nectaries.Here we performed phylogenetic analysis of 60 species from all 15 genera of the subtribe Swertiinae sensu Ho and Liu,representing the range of floral diversity,using data from the nuclear and plastid genomes.Extensive topological conflicts were present between the nuclear and plastome trees.Three of the 15 genera represented by multiple species are polyphyletic in both trees.Key floral traits including corolla type,absence or presence of lobe scales,nectary type,nectary position,and stigma type are randomly distributed in the nuclear and plastome trees without phylogenetic correlation.We also revealed the likely ancient hybrid origin of one large clade comprising 10 genera with diverse floral traits.These results highlight the complex evolutionary history of this subtribe.The phylogenies constructed here provide a basic framework for further exploring the ecological and genetic mechanisms underlying both species diversification and floral diversity.展开更多
基金supported by funds from the Eberly College of Sciences and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences at the Pennsylvania State University,the Hunan Normal University and by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)the Large-Scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017-LSFGBOWS-02)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.32270229,31870179,31570204,31270237,31070167,30670148)Additional support was provided by the Key Project at Central Government Level:the Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use of Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources(no.2060302)National Plant Specimen Resource Bank(no.E0117G1001)Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Tibet(no.ZL202203601)the International Partnership Program of CAS(no.151853KYSB20190027)Some of the GS experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China,Kunming Institute of Botany,CAS.No conflict of interest is declared.
文摘Convergent morphological evolution is widespread in flowering plants,and understanding this phenomenon relies on well-resolved phylogenies.Nuclear phylogenetic reconstruction using transcriptome datasets has been successful in various angiosperm groups,but it is limited to taxa with available fresh materials.Asteraceae,which are one of the two largest angiosperm families and are important for both ecosystems and human livelihood,show multiple examples of convergent evolution.Nuclear Asteraceae phylogenies have resolved relationships among most subfamilies and many tribes,but many phylogenetic and evolutionary questions regarding subtribes and genera remain,owing to limited sampling.Here,we increased the sampling for Asteraceae phylogenetic reconstruction using transcriptomes and genome-skimming datasets and produced nuclear phylogenetic trees with 706 species representing two-thirds of recognized subtribes.Ancestral character reconstruction supports multiple convergent evolutionary events in Asteraceae,with gains and losses of bilateral floral symmetry correlated with diversification of some subfamilies and smaller groups,respectively.Presence of the calyx-related pappus may have been especially important for the success of some subtribes and genera.Molecular evolutionary analyses support the likely contribution of duplications of MADS-box and TCP floral regulatory genes to innovations in floral morphology,including capitulum inflorescences and bilaterally symmetric flowers,potentially promoting the diversification of Asteraceae.Subsequent divergences and reductions in CYC2 gene expression are related to the gain and loss of zygomorphic flowers.This phylogenomic work with greater taxon sampling through inclusion of genome-skimming datasets reveals the feasibility of expanded evolutionary analyses using DNA samples for understanding convergent evolution.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(32170221)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YJ201936,SCU2019D013 and 2020SCUNL20)。
文摘Establishing how lineages with similar traits are phylogenetically related remains critical for understanding the origin of biodiversity on Earth.Floral traits in plants are widely used to explore phylogenetic relationships and to delineate taxonomic groups.The subtribe Swertiinae(Gentianaceae)comprises more than 350 species with high floral diversity ranging from rotate to tubular corollas and possessing diverse nectaries.Here we performed phylogenetic analysis of 60 species from all 15 genera of the subtribe Swertiinae sensu Ho and Liu,representing the range of floral diversity,using data from the nuclear and plastid genomes.Extensive topological conflicts were present between the nuclear and plastome trees.Three of the 15 genera represented by multiple species are polyphyletic in both trees.Key floral traits including corolla type,absence or presence of lobe scales,nectary type,nectary position,and stigma type are randomly distributed in the nuclear and plastome trees without phylogenetic correlation.We also revealed the likely ancient hybrid origin of one large clade comprising 10 genera with diverse floral traits.These results highlight the complex evolutionary history of this subtribe.The phylogenies constructed here provide a basic framework for further exploring the ecological and genetic mechanisms underlying both species diversification and floral diversity.
