Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vaginal Trichomoniasis in Women: Study at the University Hospital of Pikine in the Suburbs of Dakar, Senegal

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of genital trichomoniasis in Senegal. It sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with this condition in Senegal. Methodology: The study took place at the university hospital of Pikine in the suburbs of Dakar. For each of the women recruited, socio-demographic data, clinical examination data and the results of direct examination of the vaginal sample were collected in a questionnaire designed for this purpose. Results: A total of 312 women with a mean age of 31.13 (±8.41) years were recruited in this study. The majority of these women (59.94%;95% CI = 54.25 - 65.38), were seen for an infectious diseases assessment. Leucorrhea (58.33%;95% CI = 52.63 - 63.83) and genital discharge on vaginal touch (99.36%;95% CI = 97.45 - 99.89) were the predominant signs on clinical examination. The overall prevalence of vaginal trichomoniasis after direct examination of the specimens was 1.28% (95% CI = 0.41 - 3.47). Only the distribution of this prevalence by occupation was statistically significant (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: The low prevalence of genital trichomoniasis in women and the risk factors associated with it found in this study, which took place about ten years ago, should prompt an update of the data to better define the problem in Senegal.

Life satisfaction approach to farmers' compensation for land acquisition:empirical study from the suburbs of Wuhan City

Farmers' compensation for land acquisition is not only critical to increasing their income and to playing a pivotal role in maintaining rural stability,but also to the promotion of sustainable land use.Based on analysis of Chinese land acquisition policy under the Land Management Law,which provides principles or guidelines for determining compensation according to agricultural land use in regard to farmers' previous quality of life,the Life Satisfaction Approach is introduced in this article to evaluate farmers' compensation for land acquisition.Employing data from a questionnaire survey on 346 farming households in Wuhan Suburbs,this article examined the influence of farmland on farmers' life satisfaction and evaluated the level of compensation for land acquisition.Results show that farmland has a significantly positive impact on life satisfaction,which fell by 0.033 on a five-point scale following a reduction farmland by of 1 mu.Respondents were willing to accept approximately RMB 3066.44 annual household income for the loss of 1 mu farmland;the level of compensation after discounting by 6.2%is RMB 750,000 per hectare.It was found in a further comparative study that the level of farmers' compensation for land acquisition is decidedly low,and it was also shown that their compensation standards,as well as the actual compensation,could be substantially improved by expanding economic compensation to non-economic compensation to embody farmland multifunction in terms of production and non-production against farmers' previous quality of life.This article proposes a compensation model that enriches the content of land acquisition compensation,extends the current literature on measuring compensation,and provides economic theory bases for increasing compensation standards and improving policies related to land acquisition.We consider that if this compensation model is applied,it could raise the cost of land acquisition and improve usage of land,reduce the speed of rural-urban land conversion,and improve farmers' well-being.

A STUDY ON LOCATION OF TOWNSHIP INDUSTRY IN SHANGHAI SUBURBS

The township industry in Shanghai suburbs has undergone a rapid development in the past few years. Aimed at studying the spatial law of the township industry in Shanghai suburbs, three kinds of indexes including distribution density, economic benefit, and regional structure are selected and analysed using correlation analysis method. There are 12 indexes in total. It is found that the locational variation of the township industry in Shanghai suburbs conforms to the following distribution equation:y=ae-bx (x】 5)The above equation has been more and more conforming to the real distribution of the township industry. It is obvious that decreasing trend from inner suburban districts to outer suburban districts is an important character of the locational variation of the township industry of Shanghai suburbs. The fact is closely related with the radiation intensity of the urban economy and the locational superiority for the development of township industry. The regional strategies of the township industry of

Two NGO-Run Youth-Centers in Multicultural, Socially Deprived Suburbs in Sweden—Who Are the Participants?

Objective: Leisure-time is an important part of young people’s lives. One way to reduce social differences in health is to improve adolescents’ living conditions, for example by enhancing the quality of after-school activities. Multicultural, socially deprived suburbs have less youth participation in organized leisure-time activities. This study explores who the participants are at two NGO-run youth-centers in multicultural, socially deprived suburbs in Sweden and whether socio-demographic, health-related, and leisure-time factors affect the targeted participation. Methods: The study can be seen as an explanatory mixed-methods study where qualitative data help explain initial quantitative results. The included data are a survey with youth (n = 207), seven individual interviews with staff, and six focus-groups interviews with young people at two youth-centers in two different cities. Results and Conclusions: The participants in the youth-centers are Swedish born youths having foreign-born parents who live with both parents, often in crowded apartments with many siblings. Moreover they feel healthy, enjoy school and have good contact with their parents. It seems that strategies for recruiting youths to youth-centers have a large impact on who participates. One way to succeed in having a more equal gender and ethnicity distribution is to offer youth activities that are a natural step forward from children’s activities. The youth-centers’ proximity is also of importance for participation, in these types of neighborhoods.

Lyme Borreliosis-associated Risk Factors in Residents of Beijing Suburbs: a Preliminary Case-control Study

A population-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relative fac^tors in the environments, agricultural works, outdoor activities, and the effectiveness of Lyme borreliosis （LB）- associated personal protective measure.c; in Beijing. Thirty-four cases and 272 controls were personally interviewed by well-trained interviewers. Venous blood samples were taken from eac：h subject. Sowing or harvesting in summer （OR=2.571, 95% CI： 1.109-5.962）, living in house with weeding in the yard （OR=2.247, 95% CI： 1.062-4.755）.

Qubsang Monastery In Northern Lhasa Suburbs

ＱｕｂｓａｎｇＭｏｎａｓｔｅｒｙＩｎＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＬｈａｓａＳｕｂｕｒｂｓ￥ＬＩＡＯＤＯＮＧＦＡＮＧＩｖｉｓｉｔｅｄＬｈａｓａｉｎｔｈｅ１９６０ｓａｎｄｗａｓｄｅｅｐｌｙｉｍｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｏｎｅｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｆｏｌｋｓｏｎｇｈｅａｒｄ...

LANDSCAPE PATTERN CHANGES IN WEST SUBURBS OF SHENYANG

肖笃宁，赵羿，郭林海ＬＡＮＤＳＣＡＰＥＰＡＴＴＥＲＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＷＥＳＴＳＵＢＵＲＢＳＯＦＳＨＥＮＹＡＮＧ￥ＸｉａｏＤｕｎｉｎｇ；ＺｈａｏＹｉ；ＧｕｏＬｉｎｈａｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ，ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄ...

'Monkey Man' Hysteria Grips New Delhi Suburbs

印度的“人猴”闹得新德里不得安宁。5月17日新德里警方负责人不得不出面呼吁人们不要过度惊慌,并悬赏捉拿“人猴”。警方说当地居民闻猴色变,有人一听到“人猴”,就从屋顶往下跳。这种过度反应反倒造成了严重后果。 目前确信有18人受“人猴”袭击,大多被抓伤或咬伤。警方已经悬赏50000卢比捉拿“人猴”

超大城市提升郊区医疗服务水平的思路:以上海为例

目的分析上海市郊区医疗服务水平现状,总结问题,提出提升郊区医疗服务水平的思路。方法通过线下和线上多元途径收集定量数据和定性资料,进行描述性统计分析和比较分析。结果位于郊区的三级医院数量占全市三级医院总数的22.08%。郊区21家区域性医疗中心服务能力普遍不及位于中心城区的区域性医疗中心。郊区备案药物临床试验机构数占全市的21.54%,主要研究者占8.60%,项目数占9.63%。郊区三级医院高级职称人员占本院在岗或在编人员总数的比例低于16.00%,区域性医疗中心则普遍不足10.00%。郊区分院普遍依赖市级总院发展重点学科和专科,区域性医疗中心多数没有国家级和省部级重点学科或临床专科。郊区医院承担的住院和手术服务量分别占18.58%和15.60%。位于郊区的9家医院病例组合指数处于0.88~1.09,郊区分院的病例组合指数均低于母院。结论2009年以来上海市郊区医疗服务水平显著提升,但仍面临资源配置与人口规模不匹配、服务能力与居民高品质医疗服务需求不匹配、医疗服务水平对健康服务业发展支撑不足、跟不上城市空间格局的调整速度以及新的不平衡等问题。下一步,郊区医疗服务水平提升应坚持优质增量引入与存量能级提升相结合的发展思路,侧重存量能级提升。

生态设计与城市近郊绿地景观建设(英文)

The city expansion is accelerated with the process of urbanization.This paper deals with the suburban green landscape architecture in the point view of ecological design so as to construct the reasonable and environment-friendly suburban green landscape.

济南市南部山区城郊森林生态修复举措

济南市南部山区城郊森林作为济南市城市森林的重要组成部分,除了具有巨大的生态价值外,与建成区林地相比还具有巨大的经济价值和广阔的发展空间。但是,如何发展城郊森林以充分实现其社会、经济和生态价值,是目前济南市面临的一个亟待解决的实际问题。

兰州市城市化进程中萌芽型城中村研究——以柴家河村为例(英文)

By introducing the theory of suburb urbanization,it was considered that budding villages in cities emerged with the close relation between city and suburb during rapid urbanization process.The paper had briefly analyzed development of villages in cities in China.By taking villages in Lanzhou City for example,it had studied geological location,appearance,spatial structure,economy and demographic feature of budding villages in cities.Furthermore,with Chaijiahe Village of Xiguoyuan Town as case study,empirical study had been conducted and development thought of Chaijiahe Village as budding village in city had been discussed.It emphasized that it should control the development scale of villages,economically and intensively utilize lands;develop industrialized high-efficiency agriculture and leisure agriculture,develop lily economy and explore the potential of characteristic industries;realize integration of urban and rural development;strive to develop education,improve villages' quality and cultivate villagers of new generation who possessed pioneering spirit and modern agriculture technology.On this basis,it summarized approaches to realize sustainable development of budding villages in cities.

浅谈城郊结合部治安状况的特点及对策

当前，在城市社会治安防范工作中，城郊结合部存在的治安问题比较突出，成为防范体系中的薄弱环节。为此，我们对郑州市管城区城郊结合部的两乡一镇及其相关边缘部位的治安状况进行了专题调查，就如何强化城郊结合部治安管理和构筑安全防范体系做了一些有益的探索。治安状...

高校郊区化对郊区城市化进程的功能分析——以成都市新都区为例(英文)

Under the background of increasing aggravation of social transformation,the paper has discussed the influence of new campus construction in large cities on the expansion of high education zone and college suburbanization.Based on Merton's structural functionalism,by taking Xindu District of Chengdu City for example,the positive and negative functions of college suburbanization in suburb urbanization have been analyzed through complex indexes of urbanization evaluation.Furthermore,it has analyzed positive functions on urbanization of suburb population,suburb economy,suburb residents' life style and values,as well as negative functions on government's administration and land resources' use.On this basis,countermeasures to transform negative effects into positive effects have been proposed.

GIS- and RS-based Analysis of Suburban Landscape Layout in Haikou City

Landsat TM/ETM+ and Alos remote sensing data of the study area in 1991, 2001 and 2010 were interpreted by using object-oriented RS image extraction technology, landscape ecology theories were applied as well as GIS and FRAGSTATS4.1 to choose reasonable landscape indexes for studying temporal-spatial changes of suburban landscape layouts of Haikou City, exploring spatial features and change tendency of rural landscapes. According to the results, tropical garden landscapes have taken a dominant status in the last 2 decades; tropical farmland landscapes have had the most complicate shapes; tropical open forest landscapes have been most influenced by human interventions but had the best connectivity and high degree of concentration; tropical settlement landscapes and tropical meadow landscapes have been widely scattered with poor connectivity; landscape connectivity has been well maintained; contagion index has changed slightly, landscape equilibrium has been stable; landscape diversity has been maintained, all landscape types have been evenly distributed, landscape fragmentation has increased, and landscape heterogeneity has grown.

Foliar C/N stoichiometry in urban forest trees on a global scale

Foliar C/N stoichiometry is an indicator of geochemical cycling in forest ecosystems,but the driving changes for its response to urbanization at the wide scale is not clear.In this study,data on tree-leaf C and N stoichiometry were collected in papers from across 105 tree species from 82 genera and 46 families.The foliar C/N of urban forest trees varied among different climate zones and tree taxonomic variation and tended to be higher in trees of urban forests near the equator and in eastern regions,mainly driven by lowered foliar N concentration.Neither the foliar C concentration nor foliar C/N for trees of urban forests was statistically higher than those of rural forests.For variation by taxonomic classification,C_4 species Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium ambrosoides(Amaranthaceae) had lower foliar C/N than did other species and families.Myrsine guianensis(Primulaceae) and Myconia fallax(Asteraceae) had the highest foliar C/N.Therefore,urbanization has not caused a significant response in forest trees for foliar C/N.The change in foliar N concentration was globally the main force driving of the differences in foliar C/N for most tree species in urban forests.More work is needed on foliar C/N in trees at cities in polar regions and the Southern Hemisphere.

A Framework for Potable Water in the Face of Plenty for Sustainability on Lekki Peninsula of Lagos State, Nigeria

Peninsulas are exceptional areas loved to be developed uniquely in most part of the globe. Lekki Peninsulas in Lagos, Nigeria is fast growing, benefitting from similar fortunes such as modern residential suburbs, free trade zone, airport;and tourism are springing up but without adequate potable water for sustainable development. Reconnaissance surveys followed by an In-Depth-Interview were carried out. The commonest sources are sachet, bottled and borehole waters. Sachet and bottled waters are readily available but at unaffordable costs. The most frequently available is borehole, but chemical, physical/organoleptic and microbiological analysis show that the compositions are not within WHO permissible standards. Sustainability is in jeopardy. Individuals, organizations and businesses spend average of 15% of their income on treatments to meet acceptable standards. There are needs to bridge the gap between the residents taking untreated poor water and the few that take WHO standardized waters. A Simple Water Treatment Device is recommended. The device consists of four chambers, two pumping machines, alum and chlorine for treatment. It is equipped with 12 to 13 valves (depending on the position of the chambers);and the entire system is powered by electricity. It will control water borne diseases such as typhoid, schistotomiasis, diarrhea and dysentery, hepatitis, cholera and others;potable water will be available for domestic, recreational and industrial uses;enough for use in the Free Trade Zone and at the forth coming airport;the Eighteen Golf Course will not have challenges of potable water;and forces and military formations within and around the peninsula can rely on the source for every use. It is estimated that the system that can provide average of 100,000 liters of water a day will cost N720,000:00, that is, outside the cost of electricity. The system requires regular maintenance. This device could be applied anywhere.

Distribution Characteristics of Pb and Its Ecological Risk in Different Farmland Soils of Changchun Suburb

Pb in the farmland surface soil of Changchun suburb was taken as the main research object. The field research and laboratory analysis were used to investigate Pb content, spatial distribution characteristics and its ecological risk in different farmland soils. The results showed that Pb content was during 18.85 - 41.34 mg/kg in farmland soil of Changchun suburb, and was higher than the background value of Jilin Province at 90% of the sampling sites. The spatial distribution of Pb content in farmland soil had obvious geographical features, and Pb content in southwest and northeast soils was higher. The high-content areas were relatively concentrated, and Pb content gradually reduced from the high-content island- shape center to its surrounding. The soil Pb contents in paddy field, dry field and vegetable field had insignificant difference with the background value, indicating that Pb accumulations in dry field, paddy field and vegetable field were not significant. The order of Pb content in different land use types was showed as follows： vegetable field 〉 dry field 〉 paddy field. Pb pollution of all samples belonged to light pollution. The average potential ecological risk of soil Pb in different land use types presented the following order： vegetable field 〉 dry field 〉 paddy field.