The theory and associated selection methods of classical quantitative genetics are based on the multifactorial or polygene hypothesis.Major genes or quantitative trait loci(QTL)in modern quantitative genetics based o...The theory and associated selection methods of classical quantitative genetics are based on the multifactorial or polygene hypothesis.Major genes or quantitative trait loci(QTL)in modern quantitative genetics based on a“major gene plus polygenes”genetic system have been paid much attention in genetic studies.However,it remains unclear how the numerous minor genes act,although the polygene theory has sustained genetic improvement in plants and animals for more than a hundred years.In the present study,we identified a novel minor gene,BnSOT-like1(BnaA09g53490D),which is a sulfotransferase(SOT)gene catalyzing the formation of the core glucosinolate(GSL)structure in Brassica napus.This gene has been occasionally found during investigations of plant height-related genes,but has not been identified by QTL mapping because of its small phenotypic effects on GSL content.The overexpression of BnSOT-like1 up-regulated the expression of aliphatic GSL-associated genes,leading to a high seed aliphatic GSL content,and the overexpression of the allelic gene Bnsot-like1 did not increase seed GSL content.These findings suggest that the SOT gene has a marked effect on a quantitative trait from a reverse genetics standpoint,but a minor effect on the quantitative trait in its natural biological state.Because of the redundancy of GSL biosynthetic genes in the allotetraploid species B.napus,mutations of a single functional gene in the pathway will not result in significant phenotypic changes,and that the genes in biosynthetic pathways such as BnSOT-like1 in our study have minor effects and may be called polygenes in contrast to the reported three regulatory genes(BnHAG1s)which strongly affect GSL content in B.napus.The present study has shed light on a minor gene for a quantitative trait.展开更多
Sulfotransferase （ST） is the first enzyme discovered in association with paralytic shellfish poisoning （PSP） toxin biosynthesis in toxic dinoflagellates. This study investigates the ST activity m crude enzyme extr...Sulfotransferase （ST） is the first enzyme discovered in association with paralytic shellfish poisoning （PSP） toxin biosynthesis in toxic dinoflagellates. This study investigates the ST activity m crude enzyme extraction of a toxic dinoflagellate species, Alexandrium tamarense CI01. The results show that crude enzyme can transfer a sulfate group from 3＇-phosphoadenosine 5＇-phosphosulfate （PAPS） to N-21 in the carbamoyl group of gonyautoxin 2/3 （GTX2/3） to produce C 1/C2, but is inactive toward STX to produce GTX5. The crude enzyme is optimally active at pH 6.0 and 15℃. The activity is enhanced by Co^2＋, Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋ and Ca^2＋ individually, but is inhibited by Cu^2＋. Moreover, the activity shows no difference when various sulfur compounds are used as sulfate donors. These results demonstrate that the ST specific to GTX2/3 is present in the cells of A. tamarense CI01 and is involved in PSP toxin biosynthesis. In addition, the ST from different dinoflagellates is species-specific, which explains well the various biosynthesis pathways of the PSP toxins in toxic dinoflagellates.展开更多
Objective:To observe the expression of N-acetyl-glucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase(GN-6-ST)in the endometrium during the window stage of implantation from infertile women before IVF-ET treatment,we compared the GN-6-ST ...Objective:To observe the expression of N-acetyl-glucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase(GN-6-ST)in the endometrium during the window stage of implantation from infertile women before IVF-ET treatment,we compared the GN-6-ST gene expression level between the women with succeeded and failed implantation,and investigated the roles of selectin and its ligands in the embryo implantation.Methods:The hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsies were performed in patients prior to undergoing IVF-ET treatment in the IVF Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2004 to March 2005.Fourteen patients who succeeded in implantation were taken as study group,while the 28 infertile patients with failed implantation served as control group.The RT-PCR method was used to detect the mRNA levels of N-acetyl-glucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase in the endometrium during the window stage of imp-lantation of the women from both groups.Results:For these infertile patients with succeeded implantation,the average mRNA expression level of acetyl-glucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase in the endometrium during the window stage of implantation was(0.65±0.33),while for those with failed implantation cycle,the average mRNA expression level was(0.41±0.36),which was significantly lower than that of study group,P<0.05.Conclusions:The combination of the selectin and ligands may play a role in the embryo implantation capacibility.展开更多
Although sulfonation plays crucial roles in various biological processes and is frequently utilized in medicinal chemistry to improve water solubility and chemical diversity of drug leads,it is rare and underexplored ...Although sulfonation plays crucial roles in various biological processes and is frequently utilized in medicinal chemistry to improve water solubility and chemical diversity of drug leads,it is rare and underexplored in ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides(RiPPs).Biosynthesis of RiPPs typically entails modification of hydrophilic residues,which substantially increases their chemical stability and bioactivity,albeit at the expense of reducing water solubility.To explore sulfonated RiPPs that may have improved solubility,we conducted co-occurrence analysis of RiPP class-defining enzymes and sulfotransferase(ST),and discovered two distinctive biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)encoding both lanthipeptide synthetase(LanM)and ST.Upon expressing these BGCs,we characterized the structures of novel sulfonated lanthipeptides and determined the catalytic details of LanM and ST.We demonstrate that SslST-catalyzed sulfonation is leader-independent but relies on the presence of A ring formed by LanM.Both LanM and ST are promiscuous towards residues in the A ring,but ST displays strict regioselectivity toward Tyr5.The recognition of cyclic peptide by ST was further discussed.Bioactivity evaluation underscores the significance of the ST-catalyzed sulfonation.This study sets up the starting point to engineering the novel lanthipeptide STs as biocatalysts for hydrophobic lanthipeptides improvement.展开更多
近年来,由稀土元素和3d过渡金属构成的亚铁磁材料受到广泛的关注。亚铁磁材料既具有同铁磁材料一样的净余磁矩,又有反铁磁材料的超快动力学特征,这些性质使其成为自旋电子学领域的研究热点之一。在本工作中,采用磁控溅射的方法制备了亚...近年来,由稀土元素和3d过渡金属构成的亚铁磁材料受到广泛的关注。亚铁磁材料既具有同铁磁材料一样的净余磁矩,又有反铁磁材料的超快动力学特征,这些性质使其成为自旋电子学领域的研究热点之一。在本工作中,采用磁控溅射的方法制备了亚铁磁GdCo/Cu/Permalloy(Py)异质结,通过自旋-轨道铁磁共振(spin-orbit ferromagnetic resonance,ST-FMR)的方法研究了样品的磁化动力学和自旋传输特性,并分析了所制备样品的铁磁共振阻尼与自旋轨道矩效率。结果表明,所制备GdCo/Cu/Py异质结的自旋轨道矩(spin orbital torque,SOT)效率为−0.08,略低于重金属Pt的自旋霍尔角。同时铁磁共振阻尼分析也显示出GdCo/Cu/Py异质结中没有显著的自旋泵浦效应,导致这种现象的原因可能是界面处自旋传输的非互易性。研究证明亚铁磁GdCo薄膜不同于铁磁性材料的动态磁化特性,显示出其物理研究价值和实际应用潜力。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270386)the Cyrus Tang Seed Innovation Center at Nanjing Agricultural University.
文摘The theory and associated selection methods of classical quantitative genetics are based on the multifactorial or polygene hypothesis.Major genes or quantitative trait loci(QTL)in modern quantitative genetics based on a“major gene plus polygenes”genetic system have been paid much attention in genetic studies.However,it remains unclear how the numerous minor genes act,although the polygene theory has sustained genetic improvement in plants and animals for more than a hundred years.In the present study,we identified a novel minor gene,BnSOT-like1(BnaA09g53490D),which is a sulfotransferase(SOT)gene catalyzing the formation of the core glucosinolate(GSL)structure in Brassica napus.This gene has been occasionally found during investigations of plant height-related genes,but has not been identified by QTL mapping because of its small phenotypic effects on GSL content.The overexpression of BnSOT-like1 up-regulated the expression of aliphatic GSL-associated genes,leading to a high seed aliphatic GSL content,and the overexpression of the allelic gene Bnsot-like1 did not increase seed GSL content.These findings suggest that the SOT gene has a marked effect on a quantitative trait from a reverse genetics standpoint,but a minor effect on the quantitative trait in its natural biological state.Because of the redundancy of GSL biosynthetic genes in the allotetraploid species B.napus,mutations of a single functional gene in the pathway will not result in significant phenotypic changes,and that the genes in biosynthetic pathways such as BnSOT-like1 in our study have minor effects and may be called polygenes in contrast to the reported three regulatory genes(BnHAG1s)which strongly affect GSL content in B.napus.The present study has shed light on a minor gene for a quantitative trait.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40376032)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No.2001CB409700)
文摘Sulfotransferase （ST） is the first enzyme discovered in association with paralytic shellfish poisoning （PSP） toxin biosynthesis in toxic dinoflagellates. This study investigates the ST activity m crude enzyme extraction of a toxic dinoflagellate species, Alexandrium tamarense CI01. The results show that crude enzyme can transfer a sulfate group from 3＇-phosphoadenosine 5＇-phosphosulfate （PAPS） to N-21 in the carbamoyl group of gonyautoxin 2/3 （GTX2/3） to produce C 1/C2, but is inactive toward STX to produce GTX5. The crude enzyme is optimally active at pH 6.0 and 15℃. The activity is enhanced by Co^2＋, Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋ and Ca^2＋ individually, but is inhibited by Cu^2＋. Moreover, the activity shows no difference when various sulfur compounds are used as sulfate donors. These results demonstrate that the ST specific to GTX2/3 is present in the cells of A. tamarense CI01 and is involved in PSP toxin biosynthesis. In addition, the ST from different dinoflagellates is species-specific, which explains well the various biosynthesis pathways of the PSP toxins in toxic dinoflagellates.
文摘Objective:To observe the expression of N-acetyl-glucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase(GN-6-ST)in the endometrium during the window stage of implantation from infertile women before IVF-ET treatment,we compared the GN-6-ST gene expression level between the women with succeeded and failed implantation,and investigated the roles of selectin and its ligands in the embryo implantation.Methods:The hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsies were performed in patients prior to undergoing IVF-ET treatment in the IVF Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2004 to March 2005.Fourteen patients who succeeded in implantation were taken as study group,while the 28 infertile patients with failed implantation served as control group.The RT-PCR method was used to detect the mRNA levels of N-acetyl-glucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase in the endometrium during the window stage of imp-lantation of the women from both groups.Results:For these infertile patients with succeeded implantation,the average mRNA expression level of acetyl-glucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase in the endometrium during the window stage of implantation was(0.65±0.33),while for those with failed implantation cycle,the average mRNA expression level was(0.41±0.36),which was significantly lower than that of study group,P<0.05.Conclusions:The combination of the selectin and ligands may play a role in the embryo implantation capacibility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21907047,22077056,and 21907046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky2019-ct03,lzujbky-2019-10,and lzujbky-2021-ct05,China).
文摘Although sulfonation plays crucial roles in various biological processes and is frequently utilized in medicinal chemistry to improve water solubility and chemical diversity of drug leads,it is rare and underexplored in ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides(RiPPs).Biosynthesis of RiPPs typically entails modification of hydrophilic residues,which substantially increases their chemical stability and bioactivity,albeit at the expense of reducing water solubility.To explore sulfonated RiPPs that may have improved solubility,we conducted co-occurrence analysis of RiPP class-defining enzymes and sulfotransferase(ST),and discovered two distinctive biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)encoding both lanthipeptide synthetase(LanM)and ST.Upon expressing these BGCs,we characterized the structures of novel sulfonated lanthipeptides and determined the catalytic details of LanM and ST.We demonstrate that SslST-catalyzed sulfonation is leader-independent but relies on the presence of A ring formed by LanM.Both LanM and ST are promiscuous towards residues in the A ring,but ST displays strict regioselectivity toward Tyr5.The recognition of cyclic peptide by ST was further discussed.Bioactivity evaluation underscores the significance of the ST-catalyzed sulfonation.This study sets up the starting point to engineering the novel lanthipeptide STs as biocatalysts for hydrophobic lanthipeptides improvement.
文摘近年来,由稀土元素和3d过渡金属构成的亚铁磁材料受到广泛的关注。亚铁磁材料既具有同铁磁材料一样的净余磁矩,又有反铁磁材料的超快动力学特征,这些性质使其成为自旋电子学领域的研究热点之一。在本工作中,采用磁控溅射的方法制备了亚铁磁GdCo/Cu/Permalloy(Py)异质结,通过自旋-轨道铁磁共振(spin-orbit ferromagnetic resonance,ST-FMR)的方法研究了样品的磁化动力学和自旋传输特性,并分析了所制备样品的铁磁共振阻尼与自旋轨道矩效率。结果表明,所制备GdCo/Cu/Py异质结的自旋轨道矩(spin orbital torque,SOT)效率为−0.08,略低于重金属Pt的自旋霍尔角。同时铁磁共振阻尼分析也显示出GdCo/Cu/Py异质结中没有显著的自旋泵浦效应,导致这种现象的原因可能是界面处自旋传输的非互易性。研究证明亚铁磁GdCo薄膜不同于铁磁性材料的动态磁化特性,显示出其物理研究价值和实际应用潜力。
