Implementing and evaluating an automatic centroid moment tensor procedure for the Indonesia region and surrounding areas

The purpose of this research was to suggest an applicable procedure for computing the centroid moment tensor(CMT)automatically and in real time from earthquakes that occur in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.Gisola software was used to estimate the CMT solution by selecting the velocity model that best suited the local and regional geological conditions in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.The data used in this study were earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.4 to 8.0.High-quality,real-time broadband seismographic data were provided by the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks Web Services(FDSNWS)and the European Integrated Data Archive(EIDA)Federation in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.Furthermore,the inversion process and filter adjustment were carried out on the seismographic data to obtain good CMT solutions.The CMT solutions from Gisola provided good-quality solutions,in which all earthquake data had A-level quality(high quality,with good variant reduction).The Gisola CMT solution was justified with the Global CMT(GCMT)solution by using the Kagan angle value,with an average of approximately 11.2°.This result suggested that the CMT solution generated from Gisola was trustworthy and reliable.The Gisola CMT solution was typically available within approximately 15 minutes after an earthquake occurred.Once it met the quality requirement,it was automatically published on the internet.The catalog of local and regional earthquake records obtained through this technology holds great promise for improving the current understanding of regional seismic activity and ongoing tectonic processes.The accurate and real-time CMT solution generated by implementing the Gisola algorithm consisted of moment tensors and moment magnitudes,which provided invaluable insights into earthquakes occurring in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.

New Indonesian Leader Expected To Maintain Friendly China Policy

Indonesian Minister of Defence Prabowo Subianto won Indonesia’s presidential election in February 2024.Prabowo hails from an elite family that has served in many high positions in Indonesia.Having served in important positions in the military for a long time,he is very well connected with military and political circles.

Seismology and Climatology: A Study of Seismological Impacts of Climate Change in Indonesia

Climate change has been a matter of discourse for the last several decades. Much research has been conducted regarding the causes and impacts of climate change around the world. The current research contributes to the knowledge of the influence of climate change on our environment, with emphasis on earthquake occurrences in the region of Indonesia. Using global temperature anomaly as a measure of climate change, and earthquake data in Indonesia for the period 1900-2022, the paper seeks to find a relationship (if any) between the two variables. Statistical methods used include normal distribution analysis, linear regression and correlation test. The results show peculiar patterns in the progression of earthquake occurrences as well as global temperature anomaly occurring in the same time periods. The findings also indicated that the magnitudes of earthquakes remained unaffected by global temperature anomalies over the years. Nonetheless, there appears to be a potential correlation between temperature anomalies and the frequency of earthquake occurrences. As per the results, an increase in temperature anomaly is associated with a higher frequency of earthquakes.

Agricultural intensity for sustainable regional development:A case study in peri-urban areas of Karawang Regency,Indonesia

Peri-urban areas are playing an increasingly crucial role in the agricultural development and intensification in Indonesia.Peri-urban agriculture is highly vulnerable to change compared with urban and rural agriculture,due to its location in transitional areas.Indicators of peri-urban agricultural intensity can help guide regional development.In this study,we assessed the sustainability of peri-urban areas based on agricultural intensity in Karawang Regency,Indonesia.We developed a village-based index to assess the region’s agricultural intensity by rescaling the village agriculture index(VAI)and combining the local sustainability index(LSI)with factor analysis.Since the unit of analysis is the village,we modified the LSI to the village sustainability index(VSI).In addition,we also developed a logical matrix analysis to determine the level of agricultural sustainability(LoAS)of each village.The combined results of the three indices(VAI,VSI,and LoAS)generated information about agricultural sustainability.The results indicated that peri-urban villages with high agricultural intensity tended to exhibit low levels of social welfare,economic development,and disaster risk.Moreover,high agricultural intensity did not necessarily ensure the prosperity of the people.Instead,there was the economic disparity among the villages in the study area.Encouraging diversity of agricultural intensity seems to be more critical than promoting agricultural intensity itself.Overall,this study highlights the distinctive characteristics and dynamic of peri-urban areas.New approaches,variables,and information regarding the combination of agricultural intensity and sustainability need to be developed as valuable tools for regional planning.

Mechanism of the June 4, 2000 Southern Sumatra, Indonesia, earthquake

Mechanism of the June 4, 2000 southern Sumatra, Indonesia, earthquake (MS=8.0) are estimated from teleseismic body waves recorded by long period seismograph stations of the global seismic network. This solution is more reasonable than those reported by USGS, Harvard CMT and ERI of University of Tokyo. The best double-couple component of this earthquake is 1.51021 Nm, the compensated linear vector dipole component is 1.21020 Nm, and the explosion component is 5.91019 Nm. The focal mechanism is mainly left-lateral strike-slip, with a small thrust component. Nodal plane I: The strike is 199? the dip, 82? and the rake, 5? Nodal plane II: The strike is 109? the dip, 85, and the rake, 172. P axis: The azimuth is 154 and the plunge, 2; T axis: The azimuth is 64 and the plunge, 10; B axis: The azimuth is 256 and the plunge, 80. The P-waveforms recorded at different stations show prominent directivity. The directivity shows that the Nodal plane I is the fault plane, and that the earthquake ruptured unilaterally from the northeast to the southwest, nearly perpendicular to the strike of the Java trench.

Organic Richness and Organic Matter Quality Studies of Shale Gas Reservoir in South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia

Talang Akar Formation is a proven hydrocarbon source rock in South Sumatra basin. The formation contains dominant shale at the top, with some sandstone interbeds. Whereas it contains coarse to very coarse sandstone beds at the bottom. The lower sandstone unit also contains carbonaceous shale and some coal seams. The geochemical analysis is important to identify a source rock quality in shale gas. The quality of source rock is determined by richness of the source rock and type of kerogen. 37 samples were collected from well cuttings in JML-1 and JML-2 wells. Samples we are received into the laboratories in the form of well site canned ditch cuttings, bagged ditch cuttings in various stages of preparation from wet, unwashed to dried, washed;sidewall cores, conventional cores, outcrop samples. The richness of a source rock can be defined by the content of organic carbon which is measured as total organic carbon (TOC). Based on geochemical result of analysis, quantity of shale hydrocarbon potential is indicated by the TOC value of 0.52 wt% - 6.12 wt% (fair to excellent criteria), with average of shale thickness more than 50 m. Tmax is an indication of the maturation stage of organic material and Hydrogen Index (HI) is a parameter used to explain the origin of organic material. HI versus Tmax crossplot was analysed for kerogen type determination and presence of type II/III kerogen was identified. This study concludes that the source rock contains abundant humic organic matter that was deposited in a transitional (Fluvio-deltaic) to marginal marine environment under oxic conditions.

The December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, M_W=9.0, earthquake and the critical-point-like model of earthquake preparation

Long-term seismic activity prior to the December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, MW=9.0 earthquake was investigated using the Harvard CMT catalogue. It is observed that before this great earth-quake, there exists an accelerating moment release (AMR) process with the temporal scale of a quarter century and the spatial scale of 1 500 km. Within this spatial range, the MW=9.0 event falls into the piece-wise power-law-like frequency-magnitude distribution. Therefore, in the perspective of the critical-point-like model of earthquake preparation, the failure to forecast/predict the approaching and/or the size of this earthquake is not due to the physically intrinsic unpredictability of earthquakes.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among children under fifteen years of age:A population-based study in Indonesia

Objective:To assess the prevalence of Mycobacterium(M.)tuberculosis infection and its associated risks in children under fifteen years of age.Methods:Based on secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey(RISKESDAS 2018),this cross-sectional study employed M.tuberculosis infection in children as a dependent variable and age level,sex,region,location,family case positive,and smoking as independent variables.Geospatial analysis was applied to show the prevalence of M.tuberculosis infection and multivariate regression was performed to analyze the risk factors of getting the infection among children under 15 years of age.Results:Prevalence ranges of M.tuberculosis infection among children aged 0-14 years,babies(age<12 months),toddlers(age 12-59 months),and children aged between 5 and 14 years were 0.03%to 0.57%,0%to 0.64%,0%to 0.78%,and 0.01%to 0.53%,respectively in Indonesia.A high prevalence of M.tuberculosis infection among children under 15 years of age was found in Papua and other provinces,such as Kalimantan and Java.Contacting with tuberculosis family members was positively associated with M.tuberculosis infection in children as shown by multivariate logistic regression(OR 8.94;95%CI 5.4-14.6,P<0.05).Conclusions:Contacting with family member who has tuberculosis is related with M.tuberculosis infection among children in Indonesia.Therefore,screening the household for contact with tuberculosis patients is a preventive treatment for children.

Revisiting HPV infection pattern among urban Indonesian women in general population and its implication on health burden:A cross-sectional analysis from Indonesian Noncommunicable Disease Research 2016

Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Indonesian women from general population were selected as sample framework.Sample size and distribution across regions were determined by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics(Badan Pusat Statistik,BPS),which represented the national level.Up to 35408 cervical swab specimens were collected from August to September 2016 in 34 Indonesian provinces,categorized into six regions based on the development criteria set by the Ministry of National Development Planning(Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional,BAPPENAS).From all 1874 samples identified as HPV-positive,hybrid capture was implemented to evaluate type-specific HPV.This study analyzed descriptive data to determine the core-cluster of HPV combination.Co-occurrence HPV network was assessed using‘qgraph’package version 1.6.3 and computed in R version 3.6.3.Two-HPV association was analyzed in logistic regression using bias-reduction generalized linear model(brglm2)package version 0.5.1 adjusted by age and six main Indonesian regions.Results:The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HPV type 52 had rare relationship despite its common co-occurrence,cementing its role in single HPV infection.HPV type 16 and 18 tended to form infection cluster and were strongly associated with other types.Conclusions:HPV type 52 was the most frequent HPV type among urban Indonesian women and accounted for most single infection cases.Concurrently,HPV 16 and HPV 18 accounted for most multiple infection cases and had strong tendency to attract other types,which may add further complications.However,due to lack of cytology and histological examination and information for other potential determinants,further in-depth studies are necessary to confirm whether these infection patterns truly connect to certain clinical outcomes.

Factors related to the functionality of community-based rural water supply and sanitation program in Indonesia

This study used multinomial logistic regression and Bayesian belief networks(BBN)to analyze factors influenc-ing the functionality of the community-based rural drinking water supply and sanitation program(PAMSIMAS)in Indonesia.28,936 PAMSIMAS projects in 33 provinces in Indonesia were analyzed.The data indicates that 85.4%of the water supply systems were fully functioning,9.1%were partially functioning,and 5.5%were not functioning.In the regression analysis,good management is positively associated with functionality and a high investment per capita is negatively associated with the functionality.The latter suggests the need for comprehen-sive economic analysis in the feasibility study in scattered housing sites and remote-undeveloped areas.We also found that high community participation at the beginning of the project was associated with the not functioning system,while women’s participation was positively associated with the functionality.Furthermore,the household connection is more likely to be functioning than communal connection.BBN analysis shows if the beneficiaries do not pay for water,the probability of not functioning systems is 20 times higher than systems with fee collec-tion.Moreover,the combination of strong management,strong financial status,and household connection rather than communal connection increases the probability of fully functioning to 98%.Improvement of data collection is also necessary to monitor the current conditions of all PAMSIMAS systems in Indonesia.This study offers a country-level perspective for better implementation of the community-based rural water supply and sanitation program in developing countries.

Knowledge flow analysis of knowledge co-production-based climate change adaptation for lowland rice farmers in Bulukumba Regency,Indonesia

To increase the resilience of farmers’livelihood systems,detailed knowledge of adaptation strategies for dealing with the impacts of climate change is required.Knowledge co-production approach is an adaptation strategy that is considered appropriate in the context of the increasing frequency of disasters caused by climate change.Previous research of knowledge co-production on climate change adaptation in Indonesia is insufficient,particularly at local level,so we examined the flow of climate change adaptation knowledge in the knowledge co-production process through climate field school(CFS)activities in this study.We interviewed 120 people living in Bulukumba Regency,South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia,involving 12 crowds including male and female farmers participated in CFS and not participated in CFS,local government officials,agriculture extension workers,agricultural traders,farmers’family members and neighbors,etc.In brief,the 12 groups of people mainly include two categories of people,i.e.,people involved in CFS activities and outside CFS.We applied descriptive method and Social network analysis(SNA)to determine how knowledge flow in the community network and which groups of actors are important for knowledge flow.The findings of this study reveal that participants in CFS activities convey the knowledge they acquired formally(i.e.,from TV,radio,government,etc.)and informally(i.e.,from market,friends,relatives,etc.)to other actors,especially to their families and neighbors.The results also show that the acquisition and sharing of knowledge facilitate the flow of climate change adaptation knowledge based on knowledge co-operation.In addition,the findings highlight the key role of actors in the knowledge transfer process,and key actors involved in disseminating information about climate change adaptation.To be specific,among all the actors,family member and neighbor of CFS actor are the most common actors in disseminating climate knowledge information and closest to other actors in the network;agricultural trader and family member of CFS actor collaborate most with other actors in the community network;and farmers participated in CFS,including those heads of farmer groups,agricultural extension workers,and local government officials are more willing to contact with other actors in the network.To facilitate the flow of knowledge on climate change adaptation,CFS activities should be conducted regularly and CFS models that fit the situation of farmers’vulnerability to climate change should be developed.

公共卫生事件下的印度尼西亚女性经济赋权研究

“女性经济赋权”指的是对女性在经济领域贡献的价值认可度。2019—2022年的公共卫生事件导致印度尼西亚经济陷入困境,贫困率上升,通过研究疫情时期印尼女性经济赋权的状况、原因及其救助措施,发现虽然疫情为印尼女性带来了一些新的就业机会,但她们在就业方面依然存在非常多的困难。印尼国内外组织对此也提供了相应援助,为印尼女性就业提供了更多的机会。然而文化、宗教和性别规范的影响,社会保障不足和法律的缺失,数字经济存在的性别鸿沟等因素均使印尼女性无法获得平等的经济权利。只有以上因素的综合改善,印尼女性才能在经济上实现真正的赋权和独立。

“一带一路”框架下中国与印尼经贸合作及未来提升潜力

以“21世纪海上丝绸之路”与“全球海洋支点”等高层引领的一系列战略对接为基础,中国与印尼在基础设施、关键矿产、电子商务等代表性领域形成了特征鲜明的合作模式。印尼是东盟第一大经济体,自2014年佐科总统上任后,印尼政府围绕振兴制造业、改善基础设施、发展海洋经济制定了一系列产业政策,推动印尼经济稳定增长,也为中国与印尼在新能源汽车、电子通信、基础设施建设等领域深化合作创造了空间。2024年印尼新一届政府上台后,相关政策有望保持延续性。未来,中国应进一步推动与印尼的多层次沟通与合作,拓展两国共同利益,为两国企业深化合作提供更多的支持。

由GPS探测的Sumatra地震前电离层异常研究

2016年3月2日苏门答腊发生Mw7.8级地震.为了研究此次地震与电离层的耦合关系,采用欧洲定轨中心提供的Global Ionosphere Map(GIM)数据,利用滑动四分位距法探测了震中的TEC时间序列.在排除太阳与地磁活动的干扰后,结果发现在震前第8d震中地区电子含量明显降低,coco观测站也观测到TEC负异常现象.全球TEC异常分布图显示TEC异常持续约6h,最大幅度达到-6TECU.异常区域主要出现在孕震区内,最大异常区域并不垂直于震中位置,而是出现在靠近赤道异常边界的一侧,但是对应磁共轭区内并无明显TEC异常出现,这可能是Sumatra地震的电离层前兆之一.

对2004年北Sumatra地震序列两次强余震的灰色预测

应用灰色系统理论对2004年底北苏门答腊9.0级地震序列两次强余震(系指ML≥6)的发震时间进行了尝试性预测.对2004年12月29日6.3级余震时间进行灰色预测,预测出余震将于2004年12月29日9时7分35.6秒发生,事实上在2004年12月29日13时56分51秒发生了6.3级地震,两者相差不到5小时,比较吻合.对2005年1月1日7.0级余震进行灰色预测,预测出余震将于2004年12月31日20时37分24.6秒发生,比实际余震发生时间2005年1月1日14时25分47.2秒提前了将近18h,预测基本正确.

从共同现代化到共建命运共同体——佐科政府以来的中印尼关系

构建中印尼命运共同体是中国和印尼的战略目标,而共同现代化则是通向这一目标的重要路径。佐科执政以来,中印尼关系迈入了历史的黄金时期,中印尼关系日益密切,高层保持战略沟通,双方在经贸往来、基础设施、人文交流等领域取得了巨大进展,为实现中印尼共同现代化奠定了坚实基础。普拉博沃新政府上台后,中印尼关系将进一步深化,双方在共同现代化进程中良性互鉴、合作共赢,将逐步实现中印尼命运共同体的宏伟目标,为地区乃至世界和平发展贡献更多的正能量。

板桩防波堤设计参数试验验证与规范对比研究

板桩防波堤是一种对深厚软土地基有较高适应性的防波堤结构,目前国内外应用较少。以某海外板桩防波堤工程为例,采用不规则波对不同水深处的防波堤断面开展设计波浪要素断面试验,判断护底块石、沙垫层稳定性,测量模型越浪量和防波堤迎浪侧所受波浪力分布,验证防波堤结构的安全性和合理性。最后将试验结果与国内外规范公式计算结果进行对比研究。结果表明,试验得到的波浪力及越浪结果偏于安全,防波堤设计高程合适;不同波浪状态下规范公式计算结果与试验值之间的差异不尽相同,进行具体工程设计时,需将规范公式计算与物理模型试验结合,力求设计参数合理,保证防波堤自身结构及掩护港区的安全性。