Study of coexisting upstream solitary wave packet and downstream wakes induced by Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands detected by satellite sun glitter

Taking the advantage of sun glitter(SG)observed from high-resolution satellites Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6),a new method named Shield and Vortex 1-2(SAV1-2)for extracting spatial texture information from sun glitter was established.Sea surface texture detail information around Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands was extracted using SAV1-2.Meanwhile,the dynamic characteristics of the water environment were analyzed by combining the water color,temperature and dynamic data.The results show the following information.(1)Stable westward shield effect and eastward Karman vortex streets,extracted from SG,appear upstream(westward)and downstream(eastward)of the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands respectively.(2)The dominant direction of the Kuroshio Current in the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands area is east,the Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands interacting with Kuroshio,inducing western shield and eastern shelter and wake.Furthermore,wave intervals of the shield in front of the island range from hundreds to thousands of metres,and extend wider than the island itself.(3)Combining with high-resolution sea surface temperature(SST)and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentration,the directional changes of water color elements are mutually supported and proved with the stable shield(wave packet)effect in the west and vortex street effect in the east.The change of SST upstream of the island(western shield area)is not significant,the temperature in the downstream shelter area decreases slightly,and the SST in the downstream wake area shows a general trend of obvious decrease.The wake area is dominated by Karman vortex streets in shape,supplementing by vortices.The concentration of Chl a in the west shield of island is as low as that in downstream shelter area,while it increases significantly in the downstream wake area with shape in eddy or ribbon.(4)The SAV methods of extracting sea surface texture detail using SG can be widely used in different sea areas and water quality.This paper can provide reference for the protection and development of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands and its surrounding waters.It is suggested that some kind of current buffer,such as marine wind farm,should be established in the western waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands to protect the islands,and marine pasture should be developed in the downstream of eastern waters of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands.

Priori knowledge based a bathymetry assessment method using the sun glitter imagery:a case study of sand waves on the Taiwan Banks

High resolution optical satellite imageries containing the sun glitter,similar to synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imageries,are useful in identifying and mapping of bottom topography in shallow waters.The errors in the previous studies are corrected,and a method for mapping submarine bottom topography is developed using the sun glitter satellite imagery.The method is established on the basis of empirical description of a sand wave using an equation with two unknowns named r and k.In order to determine r and k,a"trial and error"approach is introduced and testified by a case study on the Taiwan Banks using an ASTER imagery.The results show that the inversed water depths match well with the sounding water depths.The agreement between the inversed results and the in situ measurements is about 78%by comparing 371 points.Moreover,this method has the advantage in keeping the original appearance of a sand wave,especially in positions around the sand wave crest.The fine agreement indicates that the imaging model is flexible and the approach developed is feasible.

The brightness reversal of submarine sand waves in “HJ-1A/B” CCD sun glitter images

The brightness reversal of submarine sand waves appearing in the small satellite constellation for environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting("HJ-1A/B") CCD sun glitter images can affect the observation and depth inversion of sand wave topography. The simulations of the normalized sun glitter radiance on the submarine sand waves confirm that the reversal would happen at a specific sensor viewing angle, defined as the critical angle. The difference between the calculated critical angle position and the reversal position in the image is about 1, which is excellent in agreement. Both the simulation and actual image show that sand wave crests would be indistinct at the reversal position, which may cause problems when using these sun glitter images to analyze spatial characteristics and migration of sand waves. When using the sun glitter image to obtain the depth inversion, one should take the advantage of image properties of sand waves and choose the location in between the reversal position and the brightest position. It is also necessary to pay attention to the brightness reversal when using "HJ-1A/B" CCD images to analyze other oceanic features, such as internal waves, oil slicks, eddies, and ship wakes.

黄海浒苔灾害遥感立体监测

2008年夏天,浒苔在黄海、东海海域第一次大规模爆发,成为自然灾害,严重威胁了第29届青岛奥帆赛的正常举办。利用卫星、航空、船舶等不同平台的遥感方式对浒苔灾害进行实时、连续、动态的立体监测。首先介绍了立体监测系统的构成;然后在通过对浒苔、海水灾害现场光谱测量的基础上分析浒苔光谱特征,并结合多平台、多传感器、多光谱遥感数据的特点,建立了浒苔信息提取模型;最后对不同平台的遥感监测结果进行了比对,结合时间序列数据,分析了浒苔灾害演变趋势;通过第29届奥帆赛区及周边海域应急监测的应用,证明该立体监测系统方案的可行性。

航空水色遥感中太阳耀光信息提取及消除方法的研究

利用大气和水体的辐射传输方程推导出太阳光的菲涅耳反射模式，在合适的参数条件下计算出试验海区的太阳耀光。对照机载成像光谱仪资料中太阳耀光的分布情况，提取出该资料中太阳耀光的信息，比较成功地消除了太阳耀光的影响。分析了太阳耀光的产生情况与有关参数的关系。

耀斑遥感图像均衡化的多项式拟合方法

光学遥感图像中光斑区的出现是不可避免的,以MODIS为代表的中分辨率光学遥感器具有更宽的覆盖宽度,其耀斑区范围更大。耀斑区虽然对于传统的水色遥感是噪声,但对于海洋内波等动力过程的观测却是非常有益的。由于耀斑区的亮度远大于其它,因此为了观测整景图像范围的内波需要进行均衡化处理。本文以MODIS图像为例,发展了基于多项式函数的拟合方法,较好的实现了图像的均衡化处理,处理后的图像亮度变化均匀,可以清楚的观测整景图像各个部分的内波,而不需要逐一进行图像增强。

海洋内波可见光光学反射特性研究

照片尺寸为20mm*30mm;最好不用红色背景建立海面光学成像理论模型研究海洋内波是国内外有关研究机构的热点之一。文章初步讨论了太阳耀斑在光学卫星上的影响,结合海面光学可见光反射率模型,基于Cox-Munk模型计算了海面的辐亮度,并研究了海面风速、海面油膜对海面太阳辐亮度影响,并分析比较了它们的计算结果。

海洋B星水色仪辐射基准异常分析及修复算法研究

水色遥感产品的三要素为:叶绿素、悬浮物质和黄色物质。水色水温扫描仪(简称水色仪)作为海洋一号卫星的主载荷之一,设置了8个可见近红外探测通道,主要目的是获取全球的海色三要素分布产品,为全球海洋初级生产力分布研究提供数据。2007年发射的HY-1B星水色仪,作为零辐射基准的冷空位置在入轨初期即存在光污染,导致近红外探测通道深海水域信号出现截止,并且纬度越低冷空信号越大。为了研究此问题的存在机理并对B星水色仪的历史数据进行修复,在实验室对问题产生源的特性进行了验证,并对其影响机理进行了分析。通过获取C星水色仪耀光能量与太阳天顶角的关系,计算B星水色仪在不同太阳天顶角的耀光能量。根据辐射定标系数可得到耀光能量对应的信号码值和码值修复量。结果表明,该修复值与由太阳天顶角计算得到的能量成线性关系,并可用于对B星水色仪其他目标信号进行修复。该算法可用于对B星水色仪近9年的遥感数据的修复,为后续与同类海洋遥感仪器的数据比对并反演水色产品奠定了理论基础。

基于MISR多角度光学遥感影像的海面风速估算实验

太阳耀光是来自粗糙海面的直接太阳反射光,其强度与海面粗糙度密切相关,而海面粗糙度主要受海面风场影响。因此,包含太阳耀光信息的光学遥感影像在海洋动力过程和海面风速探测中具有积极意义。本文利用2016年2月到2017年3月期间成像的25幅Terra卫星MISR(Multi-angle Imaging Spectro Radiometer)传感器的多角度遥感影像,分别提取了太阳的高度角和方位角、正视和后视影像的卫星观测角、方位角等信息,校正获得正视和后视影像的太阳耀光辐射强度,进一步反演海表面粗糙度信息,进而计算海面风速。最后利用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)的模式风速数据与反演获得的风速结果进行对比验证。结果表明,两者的相关系数较高(R=0.745),均方根误差和平均绝对偏差值分别为1.514m·s^(-1)和1.319m·s^(-1)。初步实验结果表明,利用MISR多角度光学遥感影像估算海表面风速是可行性的。

偏振与多角度遥感中的太阳耀光剥离

水面镜面反射会产生太阳耀光,直接影响水体遥感信息的提取和利用。光在与物体相互作用的过程中,不仅其强度会发生变化,而且偏振状态也会发生变化。结合这两种情况,利用偏振反射的变化来消除太阳耀光。从理论上推导了偏振反射消除太阳耀光的可能性,实验测定了自来水和汽油在2π空间中的偏振反射光谱,分析了光线入射角、探测角、探测方位角、偏振角等因子与液体偏振反射比的普适关系。实验证明,当太阳处在一定的天顶角时,通过设置偏振角可以成功的消除太阳耀光的影响。

偏振在多角度遥感中的太阳耀光消除的应用

在进行水色遥感时,水面的镜面反射产生的太阳耀光,影响水体信息的提取和利用。以前的研究表明,当入射角为水体的布儒斯特角时,偏振可以消除太阳耀光,但是这种方法条件过于苛刻,现实中很难实现。针对这种情况,推导了自然光入射到水面后其反射光的偏振状态以及光线入射角与水体偏振度的关系。理论上证明了以非布儒斯特角入射时偏振消除太阳耀光的可能性,计算了从各个角度入射到纯净水体表面太阳耀光剥离的程度,实验验证了结论。

多角度偏振遥感中太阳耀光剥离的深入研究

太阳耀光一直是困扰水质遥感的突出问题。传统的利用光的偏振性剥离太阳耀光的方法只有当太阳光以水的布儒斯特角入射时才能实现,因此该方法在实际应用中受到了极大的限制。通过深入研究光产生偏振现象的物理机理,找到了在任意入射天顶角情况下通过偏振测量去除太阳耀光的方法,并得到了较为满意的实验验证,使得在向多角度偏振遥感中太阳耀斑剥离的实际应用又迈进了一步。