Protective effect of co-enzyme Q10 on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in adult male rats treated with Sunset Yellow FCF

Objective:To determine the protective effect of co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10)on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats treated with SunsetYellow FCF.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of the control,CoQ10(10 mg/kg/day),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg),high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg)plus CoQ10,and high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg)plus CoQ10.The drugs were administered via daily oral gavages for 6 weeks.At the end of the experiment,sperm analysis,stereological and histological assessments of the testis were carried out.Results:The normal morphology(by 41.1%)and progressive spermatozoa(by 74.8%),testicle volume(by 33.4%),lumen volume(by 38.3%),interstitial tissue volume(by 44.7%),seminiferous tubule volume(by 40.7%),and number of spermatogonia(by 53.9%)and Leydig cells(by 70.7%)reduced in the rats that received high doses of Sunset Yellow in comparison to the control group.Nonetheless,all these alterations were recovered by CoQ10 treatment in the CoQ10 plus high dose of Sunset Yellow group.Furthermore,low doses of Sunset Yellow did not affect different parameters of the testis and sperm.Conclusions:CoQ10 could,to some extent,prevent structural changes of the testis induced by the high dose of SunsetYellow.

Simultaneous Determination by HPLC-UV Vis of Tartrazine and Sunset Yellow in Soft Drinks Sold in Benin

The use of dyes such as tartrazine (E102) and sunset yellow (E102) in food, beverages and health products for technological and commercial purposes is common. The adverse effects caused by these dyes, such as allergies and hyperactivity disorder have been reported, especially in children. In the present study, a chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of tartrazine and sunset yellow. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Lichrocart® C18 column (125 × 4.6 mm;5 μm) with a security Guard-C18 column (4 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm;Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) maintained at 30°C. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile/ammonium acetate buffer pH 6.8 in gradient mode with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The injection volume was 10 μL. The detection wavelength was set at 455 nm. The parameters of specificity, linearity, precision, repeatability, accuracy and sensitivity were examined for validation. The developed method is linear in the range of 1 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL with a R2> 0.998. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were less than 0.6% and 3.1% respectively. The detection limit was 0.03 μg/mL and the quantification limit was 0.1 μg/mL. The retention time of tartrazine was 2.86 min, while sunset yellow was detected at 5.67 min. A simple, rapid, accurate and robust HPLC/UV-Visible method was developed and validated for simultaneous identification and quantification of tartrazine and sunset yellow. This developed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of tartrazine and sunset yellow in soft drinks sold in Benin.

Optimization of the Test of Tartrazine and Sunset Yellow in Cereals by Means of HPLC

[Objective] The aim was to explore an optimized method to measure the artificial pigment by means of high performance liquid chroma- tograph. [Method] The gradient elution technique of HPLC was used to isolate and analyze tartrazine and sunset yellow in the cereals. The pre- treatment temperature, ultrasonic time, the column temperature and the elution conditions were studied, and the best expedmental conditions were confirmed. [ Result] At 40 ℃, the optimum chromatography analysis condition was moving phase, with pH （6.8）, methanol/water of acetic acid- ammonium acetate （0.02 mol/L）, and column temperature （35 ℃）. Gradient elution condition was 20% -35% methanol, 3%/rain; 35% -98%, 6%/min; 98%, 8 min. The content of tartrazine and sunset yellow in cereal was tested precisely by the means of HPLC. The average recoveries of standard addition were 97.9% and 100.2%, and the detection limit were 0.02 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg. [ Conclusion] This method shortened the a- nalysis time, improved the detection sensitivity and the resolution of artificial color.

Preparation of Activated Carbon Based on Straw and Its Adsorption on Sunset Yellow

The removal effect of sunset yellow by the activated carbon prepared by modified straw was studied, and the effects of adsorption temperature, adsorption time, adsorption capacity, solution salinity and solution pH on the removal effect of sunset yellow were analyzed. After being soaked in acid and alkali, the stalks and leaves of the straw were carbonized and modified at 200-700 ℃. The results show that the adsorption effect of the leaves soaked in alkali was the best when the carbonization temperature was 700 ℃. As the adsorption temperature was 30-40 ℃, the adsorption effect of sunset yellow was the best. With the increase of adsorption time, the removal rate of sunset yellow first increased, then decreased, and finally rose again. The first critical point was about 30 min. When the dosage of activated carbon was 0.7 g, the adsorption effect of 50 ml of sunset yellow solution was the best. The optimal solution salinity was 60%. pH had a small effect on the adsorption of sunset yellow, showing a fluctuating trend.

Extraction Method and Determination of Sudan I Present in Sunset Yellow FCF by Isocratic High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A method to extract and analyze Sudan I present in Sunset Yellow FCF (SYF) products was developed and validated. The method included the simple extraction of Sudan I from the SYF product using water, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with isocratic elution using acetonitrile:water (7:3) with a photodiode array detector at 485 nm. This method was found to remove most of the excess SYF colorant and other impurities before injection to the HPLC instrument, making it easy to maintain precision control in routine laboratory tests for Sudan I in the SYF colorant. The detection limit of Sudan I in SYF products was 0.2 μg/g. A survey conducted to determine Sudan I in 13 commercial SYF samples from Japanese manufacturers from 1970 to 2010 showed that the levels of Sudan I ranged from 0.3 to 1.9 μg/g in products manufactured from 1970 to 1996 and were below the limit of detection in products manufactured after 2005.

An Amperometric Sensor for Sunset Yellow FCF Detection Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polypyrrole

An electrochemical method for fast detecting the concentration of sunset yellow FCF in wine samples was developed in this study. The sensor based on imprinted films which fabricated by electropolymerization of pyrrole on a glassy carbon electrode in the presence of sunset yellow FCF as the template. Comparing to the polypyrrole non-imprinted modified (NIP) electrode, the polypyrrole molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode improved the electrochemical performance of the sensor significantly. The peak current at about 0.26 V was linear with the concentration of sunset yellow FCF from 0.4 to 2 μM and from 2 to 8 μM. It can be used for more than 10 times to maintain a stable response result. The sensor had the good selectivity on sunset yellow FCF, amaranth and tartrazine, which the selection factors were 1.00, 0.80 and 0.85,respectively.

高效液相色谱法测定食品中的喹啉黄、柠檬黄和日落黄

色素分为合成色素和天然色素。与天然色素相比较,合成色素具有成本低、稳定性好和着色能力强的特点,普遍应用于食品加工中。因此,对合成色素进行研究至关重要。本文参考《食品安全国家标准 食品中合成着色剂的测定》(GB 5009.35—2023),利用高效液相色谱法测定食品中喹啉黄、柠檬黄和日落黄。结果表明,3种物质的分离度高,线性关系良好,加标回收率在95.65%~105.29%,相对标准偏差为0.21%~0.27%。同时,此方法也适用于11种合成色素的测定。

CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的制备及其在含日落黄废水处理中的应用

制备了铁酸钴-氧化铝(CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Al_(2)O_(3))复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积和孔径分析仪对多孔CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的物相和形貌进行了分析.利用制备的CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料活化过硫酸氢钾(PMS)来降解废水溶液中的日落黄(SY),通过研究CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Al_(2)O_(3)材料制备过程中Co^(2+),Fe^(3+)和Al^(3+)的物质的量之比、煅烧温度和时长对材料催化性能的影响,发现Co^(2+),Fe^(3+)和Al^(3+)的最佳物质的量之比为1∶2∶12,最佳煅烧温度为400℃和最佳煅烧时长为3 h.对采用在最优条件下制得的CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料作为催化剂,PMS氧化降解含日落黄废水进行研究,考察了pH值、温度、不同体系、PMS用量、CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Al_(2)O_(3)材料用量和一些阴离子对日落黄降解的影响.结果表明:在pH=7,温度为55℃条件下,用0.1 g催化剂和0.125 g PMS能使100 mL质量浓度为0.6 g·L^(-1)的日落黄溶液在30 min内降解率达到99.5%.同时,碳酸氢根负离子(HCO3-)和硝酸根负离子(NO_(3)^(-))的加入抑制了日落黄的降解,而Cl^(-)则能促进日落黄的降解.此外,在进行4次循环使用后,CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Al_(2)O_(3)仍表现出很好的催化性能,日落黄去除效果仍能达到90%以上.

基于Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene-金纳米复合材料的日落黄电化学传感器构建及应用

采用原位还原法制备碳化钛MXene-金纳米复合材料(AuNPs@Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene),并用于制备高灵敏的日落黄电化学传感器。对修饰电极和日落黄的电化学行为进行研究,分析结果发现,在最优条件下,日落黄的方波伏安峰电流与其浓度在0.01~100μmol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为2.4 nmol/L,说明MXene独特的手风琴结构和纳米金良好的导电性协同作用,显著提高了日落黄的电化学响应。该传感器制备方法简单,已成功应用于饮料样品的分析,精确度较高。

高效液相色谱法测定饮品中日落黄的研究

本文建立了高效液相色谱测定饮品中合成色素日落黄含量的方法,优化了色谱条件。设置进样量为20 μL;流动相为甲醇-乙酸铵(0.02 mol/L),体积比为60∶40;流速为1.1 mL/min;柱温为30℃;样品经稀释、调节p H值、吸附、过滤等处理后,在最佳色谱条件下对其进行检测。结果表明,日落黄的标准曲线在测定范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R~2为0.999 3,回收率为70%~102%,精密度良好。此法操作简单,回收率较高,适用于饮品中合成色素日落黄的测定。

基于rGO/g-C_(3)N_(4)纳米材料电化学传感器制备及其在日落黄检测中的应用

目的 开发一种简单、高灵敏度的电化学传感器,用于定量测定商业食品中日落黄(sunset yellow,SY)的含量。方法 以氧化石墨烯(grapheneoxide,GO)、石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))为原料,水热还原制备复合材料(rGO/g-C_(3)N_(4))。通过滴涂法将所制备的复合物溶液滴到工作电极上,制备传感器。结果 在最优实验条件下,用差分脉冲伏安法(differential pulse voltammetry,DPV)对不同质量浓度(20~120 mg/L)的SY进行检测,线性方程为△I=0.06864C+0.06205,检出限为0.125 mg/L。本传感器特异性和稳定性良好,在实际样品检测中,回收率为97.8%~101.2%。结论 rGO/g-C_(3)N_(4)复合纳米材料制备的传感器能够实现对SY的快速、灵敏检测,且该方法操作简单、成本低,在食品工业、安全检测等领域有巨大的应用前景。

铜纳米簇探针-荧光分光光度法测定矿泉水和饮料中日落黄的含量

采用一步湿化学法合成铜纳米簇(CuNCs),并提出了以CuNCs为荧光探针,荧光分光光度法测定矿泉水和饮料中日落黄含量的方法。将水15.0 mL、0.01 mol·L^(-1)L-半胱氨酸溶液4.0 mL和0.1 mol·L^(-1)硝酸铜溶液0.2 mL混合,置于15℃水浴中搅拌5 min,然后缓慢滴加1.0 mol·L^(-1)氢氧化钠溶液1.00 mL,继续在15℃水浴中搅拌反应2.5 h,接着将L-半胱氨酸保护的CuNCs浅蓝色溶液透析72 h,于60℃干燥72 h,得到CuNCs。分取50μL过滤后的样品,与0.33 g·L^(-1)CuNCs溶液0.5 mL混合,然后用pH 8.0的伯瑞坦-罗宾森缓冲溶液稀释至3.0 mL。设置激发波长为370 nm,激发、发射的狭缝宽度分别为5,10 nm,记录加入日落黄前后体系在490 nm处的荧光强度F0和F。结果显示:日落黄对CuNCs的荧光猝灭主要来自内滤效应;日落黄的浓度在2.00~60.00μmol·L^(-1)内与体系的荧光强度比值F/F0呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为1.31μmol·L^(-1);矿泉水和饮料中日落黄的回收率为95.2%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.1%~3.7%。

纳米氧化铈掺杂菊芋桔杆芯碳材料的制备及对日落黄的检测

文章采用热解经硝酸铈浸渍的菊芋秸秆芯(Jerusalem artichoke straw,JAS)制备负载氧化铈纳米颗粒的生物碳材料,表征CeO_(2)/JAS材料的理化性质,并分析其在电化学应用方面的潜力。该材料被修饰在电解质溶液栅控石墨烯场效应晶体管(solution-gated graphene field-effect transistor,SGGT)的栅极上,在模拟的软饮料体系中完成对色素的检测,其中对日落黄的响应最好,该修饰的栅极对日落黄的检测限为300 nmol/L,灵敏度曲线斜率为29.2。一系列实验结果表明,CeO_(2)/JAS材料可以很好地提升对日落黄的检测性能。因此,该研究为其在电化学领域的应用提供了一定参考,并且对农业废弃物资源再利用与食品安全检测均具有一定的意义。

花生壳粉作为生物吸附剂去除水溶液中偶氮染料的研究

用低值的花生壳粉作为生物吸附剂对苋菜红、日落黄两种偶氮染料进行了吸附研究,目的是寻求经济的染料废水处理方法。考察了pH、染料浓度、吸附剂量、吸附剂粒径、离子强度和吸附时间等因素对染料吸附的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件。结果显示,初始pH2,两种偶氮染料的去除率较高。吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich模式,吸附过程符合准一级反应动力学方程。研究结果表明,花生壳是一种很有前途的偶氮染料废水处理生物材料。

花生壳粉生物吸附水溶液中阴离子染料的研究

An untried,low cost,locally available biosorbent for its anionic dye removal capacity from aqueous solution was investigated.Powder prepared from peanut hull had been used for biosorption of three anionic dyes,amaranth (Am),sunset yellow (SY) and fast green FCF (FG).The effects of various experimental parameters (e.g.initial pH and dye concentration,sorbent dosage,particle size,ion strength,contact time etc.) were examined and optimal experimental conditions were decided.At initial pH 2.0,three dyes studied could be removed effectively.When the dye concentration was 50 mg·L -1 ,the percentages of dyes sorbed was 95.5% in Am,91.3% in SY and 94.98% in FG,respectively.The ratios of dyes sorbed had neared maximum values in all three dyes when sorbent dose of 5.0 g·L -1 and the sorbent particle size in 80～100 mesh was used.The increasing the ion strength of solution caused the decrease in biosorption percentages of dyes.The equilibrium values arrived at about 36 hour for all three dyes.The isothermal data of biosorption followed the Langmuir and Freundlich models.The biosorption processes conformed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics.The results indicated that powdered peanut hull was an attractive candidate for removing anionic dyes from dye wastewater.

导数同步荧光光谱法同时测定食品中的合成色素

建立了测定食品中胭脂红和日落黄的一阶导数同步荧光光谱法。研究了胭脂红和日落黄在不同pH值溶液中的同步荧光光谱特征，确定了同步荧光光谱的最佳波长差。当Δλ＝130 nm时，胭脂红和日落黄导数同步荧光光谱的零交点位于313.6和302.8 nm ，可分别测定日落黄和胭脂红的含量。胭脂红在0.1～4.0 mg·L -1、日落黄在0.1～2.0mg·L -1范围内浓度与导数同步荧光值呈线性，相关系数（R2）为0.9992和0.9966；检出限为0.041和0.019 mg· L -1；相对标准偏差（RSD ）为4.8％和4.6％。回收率在91.0％～110％之间。测定结果与导数-分光光度法的结果相一致，具有简便、快捷等特点，能够同时测定食品中胭脂红和日落黄的含量。

分光光度法测定食品色素含量的研究

采用单波长法对饮料中胭脂红和亮蓝含量进行测定,结果显示,胭脂红在0.2～80mg/L,亮蓝在0.1～20mg/L浓度范围具有良好线性关系,回收率在98%～108%。采用单波长法和双波长法相结合对饮料中酒石黄和日落黄含量进行测定,结果显示,酒石黄在0.1～70mg/L,日落黄在0.2～60mg/L浓度范围具有良好线性关系,回收率在95%～110%。两种方法对样品检测快速、准确,且操作简便。利用双波长比值光谱法对果味汽水中酒石黄、日落黄、胭脂红含量进行测定,结果显示,酒石黄在0.1～60mg/L,日落黄在0.8～90mg/L,胭脂红在0.2～80mg/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为100.5%、102.4%和101.8%。

紫外分光光度法同时测定柠檬黄和日落黄

采用紫外分光光度法同时对饮料中柠檬黄、日落黄两种食用合成色素进行测定,确定了各色素的最大吸收波长λmax,及其最大吸收波长处的吸收系数a和摩尔吸收系数ε。结果表明:柠檬黄在λmax=426nm处的吸收系数为a=33.45L.g-1.cm-1,摩尔吸收系数为ε=1.79×104L.mol-1.cm-1,日落黄在λmax=481nm处的吸收系数为a=34.00L.g-1.cm-1,摩尔吸收系数为ε=1.54×104L.mol-1.cm-1。测定饮料中柠檬黄、日落黄含量分别为0.0067mg/mL和0.0033mg/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.148%、1.026%,测定了两种色素在奥地利饮料中的回收率分别为:92.35%、96.77%。该方法操作简便,同时准确度高,精密度好。

食品中柠檬黄铝色淀和日落黄铝色淀的毛细管区带电泳分析

发展了一种新的采用毛细管区带电泳分析柠檬黄铝色淀和日落黄铝色淀的方法。通过前处理步骤成功实现了铝色淀中铝基质与色素的分离。利用石英毛细管柱（48.50 cm（有效长度40.00 cm）×50μm），分别针对柠檬黄铝色淀和日落黄铝色淀进行了电泳条件的优化，并得到最优分离结果。所建立的定量分析方法的检出限对于柠檬黄铝色淀和日落黄铝色淀分别达0.26 mg / L 和0.27 mg / L，线性范围分别为0.53-1.3×10^2 mg / L 和0.54-1.4×10^2 mg / L，两种被分析物的测定重复性（RSD，n =6）分别为4.3％和5.7％，日间重复性（ RSD，n =6）分别为5.6％和6.0％。经过更深入研究后，该方法可以发展为食品中相应色淀的检测方法。

磁性竹炭-壳聚糖复合材料吸附去除水体中日落黄染料研究

通过微乳化法制备了磁性竹炭-壳聚糖复合吸附剂,考察了吸附剂配比、吸附剂投加量、染料初始浓度、溶液p H值、温度及动力学和热力学等因素对食品染料日落黄的吸附影响。试验结果表明,采用壳聚糖、竹炭、Fe3O4配比为10∶5∶6的吸附剂,在其投加量为1 g/L的条件下,对50 m L初始质量浓度为20 mg/L、初始p H值为5.5的日落黄溶液进行吸附,脱色率可达93.41%。吸附剂对日落黄的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程。鉴于此磁性竹炭-壳聚糖复合吸附剂良好的吸附性能及简便的制备方法,可应用于工业印染废水的脱色处理中,具有很大的潜力。