Economic Growth:The Fundamental Path to the Realization of Social Security Rights for Migrant Workers

The International Labour Organization seems to only see the aspect of social security promoting economic growth,while neglecting the aspect of economic growth supporting social security.From the standpoint of materialism and the practice of social security,the realization of social security rights for migrant workers fundamentally depends on economic growth.The Belt and Road Initiative has provided a Chinese solution for creating a strong material and technological foundation to meet the social security needs of all people,including migrant workers.

Research on Economic Impact of Super Rice on Rice Growers and Contribution to Food Security

Super rice is an essendal part of China＇s rice production. Through survey on actual situation of 1568 households of rice growers in Heilongjiang, Hunan and Zhejiang provinces, this paper focused on influence of super rice development on increase of China＇s grain yield, influence on increase of rice growers＇ economic in- come, difference in production cost and profit between the North and the South, as well as profit percentage of super rice in production, processing, and sales. It obtained following results： rice price determines rice growers＇ income; expansion of super rice extension area plays a great role in increase of China＇s grain yield; by 2015 and 2020, keeping the yield of other crops not changed, merely the extension of super rice can increase grain for 5 million tons and 11 million tons separately; super rice significantly increases rice growers＇ economic income; for production cost of super rice, the South is higher than the North, and the profit ratio of cost is up to 35.54% on average; with respect of profit in production, processing, and sales, the ratio is 1：2：1.5; with the yield of other crops unchanged, every increase of 1% in area percentage of super rice to rice will additionally produce 1 million tons of grain for China, which is equivalent to saving the yield of 133 300 hm2 farmland and can additional feed 3.5 million people. In view of importance of super rice production, at the same time of strengthening research on super rice variety, it is required to accelerate expanding production area of super rice in suitable areas. Since the development of super rice can support China＇s ration demand of increasing population, China should make effort to realize ＂one yuan for one mu＂ financial subsidy for super rice of main grain production provinces and counties. Besides, China should establish special financial plan for extension of super rice.

Spatial-temporal characteristics of the coupling coordination of social security and economic development in China during 2002–2018

Clarifying the relationship between social security and economic development is helpful to realize the sustainable social security system and the stable function of sustainable economic development.In this paper,the entropy method,coupling coordination degree,standard deviation ellipse model,and spatial autocorrelation were used to study the spatial-temporal characteristics of coupling coordination of social security and economic development in China from 2002 to 2018.The results indicate that the relationship between social security and economic development in China has been gradually strengthened in the process of mutual adaptation and common development.The benign interaction between the two was unstable,though the coupling coordination degree gradually transitioned to the primary coupling coordination type.Besides,from a spatial perspective,first,the coupling coordination degree of social security and economic development in China contracted in the east-west and north-south directions,and the coupling coordination clustered in the central region in this period;second,the coupling coordination degree generally presented a positive spatial autocorrelation,and regions with similar coupling coordination degrees were in a state of agglomeration;finally,the hot spots clumped together to form a continuous area in the eastern coastal area while the cold spots expanded toward the northwest and northeast.Furthermore,the random distribution areas exhibited a trend of contraction.

Security and Stability Aspects of Multi Objective Dynamic Economic Dispatch with Renewable Energy and HVDC Transmission Lines

Renewable sources of energy are being integrated into the power grids due to their economic and environmental merits as compared with the traditional fossil-fuel-fired power generation. However, their significant penetration demands a thorough research in terms of system reliability, that is, security and stability. In this paper, Security Constrained Multi Objective Dynamic Economic Dispatch (SCMODED) problem considering cubic thermal cubic cost function, wind, solar penetration, cubic transmission power losses and cubic emissions cost function as objectives is first formulated. Both HVDC and HVAC lines are included in their formulation. Various approaches like probabilistic load flow (PLF), scenario based method, participation factors and Harmony Search algorithm etc. are employed in the solution process. Security and stability effects of renewable energy (RE) penetration are investigated and analyzed. The simulated results reveal that RE penetration leads to reduced cost and emissions and increased security concerns. Further, there is increased power system instability and hence increased load shedding so as to help the power system attain steady state stability. Inclusion of HVDC lines facilitates rapid and fast control to increase the transient stability limit by the action of the converter ignition angle (CIA) and converter extinction angle (CEA).

New Trend of Japan's Economic Security Strategy

Japan's economic security strategy has a long history.However,Japan has significantly accelerated its economic security strategy in recent years,especially since the Kishida government came into power.At present,Japan is gradually forming a comprehensive economic security strategy that has clear strategic objectives,sound institutional settings,enhanced economic control,and closer external cooperation.The Japanese government is accelerating its economic and security strategy because of the changing international environment and Japan's own strategic considerations.Japan hopes to achievemany strategic goals such as improved economy and security through its economic and security strategy,but its strategic effect needs to be verified due to the constraints of many factors.

Global Economic Scene Vs. Economic Security at the Turn of Century

Financial Power and Its Strategic Significance A financial crisis hit Asia in 1997. It was both a predatory monetary war a-gainst developing nations launched by the hedge funds and a scramble for fi-nancial supremacy among the monopoly capital in America, Western Eu-rope and Japan. Indeed, the term "Asian financial crisis" is a misnomer. It can nolonger faithfully reflect the scope and essence of the financial storm. Over the pasttwo years, financial turmoil has visited upon Russia and Brazil and has shaken theentire capitalist economic system. In this crash, while Asian nations have

EU’s Security Concerns in Its Economic Cooperation with China

The European Union’s security concerns within current EUChina economic relations have increased significantly,pointing toward increased competitiveness and decreased complementarity.At issue are shared technology,technology transfer,information and network security,the industrial chain,and political anxiety over China’s cooperative agreements with central and eastern European countries.China’s foreign direct investment is also a part of what Europeans fear.The political dynamics of the EU itself and changes in the strategic environment mean that EU policy adjustments are impacting the layout of Chinese investment in Europe but opportunities for future cooperation remain apparent.

Comparison of Economic Dispatch, OPF and Security Constrained-OPF in Power System Studies RN

Electricity network is a very complex entity that comprises several components like generators, transmission lines, loads among others. As technologies continue to evolve, the complexity of the electricity network has also increased as more devices are being connected to the network. To understand the physical laws governing the operation of the network, techniques such as optimal power flow (OPF), Economic dispatch (ED) and Security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) were developed. These techniques have been used extensively in network operation, planning and so on. However, an in-depth presentation showcasing the merits and demerits of these techniques is still lacking in the literature. Hence, this paper intends to fill this gap. In this paper, Economic dispatch, optimal power flow and security-constrained optimal power flow are applied to a 3-bus test system using a linear programming approach. The results of the ED, OPF and SC-OPF are compared and presented.

China＇s Oil Security Issues and Countermeasures in the Context of Economic Globalization

In the context of economic globalization and economic crisis, China＇ s oil security issues are not merely related to energy access and consumption, but also involve many aspects of the political and economic factors which are becoming increasingly complex. In view of this, we should not only need to attach great importance to energy security, making full use of ＂two markets and two resources＂ to take a variety of channels to ensure oil supply diversification, but also should develop oil security strategy from a strategic level, and actively participate in international oil trading system. Furthermore, we should support China＇ s oil enterprises from the political, financial and other aspects, so as to ensure adequate, stable and affordable supply ofoil to meet China＇ s economic construction requirement.

Research on Real Estate Economic Security and Government Control

With the development of economy and the progress of society,people’s living standards are gradually improving,and the requirements for housing are also gradually improving.The development of the real estate industry provides conditions for people’s modern life,and its development meets the needs of China’s socialist development.In such a social background,the future planning of the real estate industry is gradually clear,promoting the steady rise of the real estate economy,which is an important development prospect of the current real estate industry.In this paper,through the analysis of real estate economic security and government control,aiming at the existing problems,put forward some effective measures to promote the advantages of real estate development and the combination of government macro-control to stabilize the healthy development of the real estate industry.

An Exploration of the Economic Significance of Social Security

The modem social security carries some elements of humanitarianism or social stability, but it is more an economic means. It can reduce overproduction, increase effective demand and facilitate the balance between the demand and supply, and prevent the frequent occurrence of economic crisis. All the creatures of the God are there for a reason. The amount of production is based on the amount of currency. But some parts of currency are transformed into savings, and savings cannot be turned into investment immediately. The entailing overproduction breaks the balance between the demand and supply, and results in economic crisis. In modem society, it is the social security or those ＂lazy bones＂ that represses and eliminates the overproduction, which can be expressed by the equation： Savings = Investment ＋ Social security （consumption）. In this way, the balance between the demand and supply is realized.and the social production and life can continue in a normal way.

China should Guard against Economic Security Loopholes

Many heated debates have taken place recently upon the economic security brought about by foreign acquisitions.This should be a good sign,as different views are being aired in contrast to the one uniform voice and hasty generalization has been replaced by ever-intensifying debate,which is indeed historical progress.

Socio-economic development of countries based on the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI)

World experience indicates the existence of significant imbalances in the development of countries.The problem of assessing the rational development of the regional and national economy is becoming urgent,since such assessments can prevent development imbalances across countries.The aim of this study is to elaborate a methodology to assess the countries’socio-economic development by integraring 12 modern indices of socio-economic development into the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI).The methodology of this research was based on a set of key indices that described socio-economic development level in four fields(social development,digital development,economic development,and environmental security)and then these indices were integrated into the CCDI.The study further applied factor analysis and R-Studio software to define the gaps of social and economic development in 59 selected countries using the trigonometric function of the angle sine.The correlation analysis confirmed the existence of a close interrelation among the studied countries.This paper noted that due to the emergence of new priorities,it is necessary to revise the assessment methodology of socio-economic development level and expand them to cover the decisive factors.This was confirmed by the results obtained,demonstrating various combinations of the development level in the four fields and their impact on the CCDI.The scientific contribution of this research is to form a methodology(e.g.,the CCDI)for evaluating the socio-economic development level of countries in the world.

The Characteristics and Driving Factors of the Spatio-temporal Dynamic Evolution of Tourism Ecological Security in the Silk Road Economic Belt

The exploration of ecological safety in tourism sites can provide a concrete path for sustainable tourism development in a region.Based on the“Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response”(DPSIR)model,we constructed an index system for the evaluation of tourism ecological security(TES)in the Silk Road Economic Belt(SREB)from 2005 to 2020.This index system was used to explore the characteristics of spatial and temporal dynamic evolution with the help of entropy weight TOPSIS method,dynamic index of TES and Markov probability transfer matrix,and a standard deviational ellipse(SDE)model and GM(1,1)model were constructed for spatial pattern analysis and prediction.The results indicate four key aspects of this system.(1)In terms of spatiotemporal evolution,the tourism ecological safety index(TESI)of the SREB increased,the TES levels of the northwestern and southwestern provinces and cities differed significantly,and the quality conditions of TES in the southwestern provinces and cities were better than in the northwest.(2)In terms of dynamic evolutionary characteristics,the speed of change at each level of the SREB was slow,but the level of TES has improved.The TES level has not shifted by leaps and bounds,and the shifts in the level type show“path dependence”and“self-locking”effects.(3)In terms of spatial and temporal distribution patterns,the spatial pattern of TES in the SREB is a“northwest-southeast”movement trend,and the spatial distribution appeared as“aggregation”from 2005 to 2020.The prediction results show that the center of gravity of TES in the SREB will shift to the southeast from 2025 to 2035,and the spatial spillover effect will be reduced.(4)In terms of driving factors,the number of star-rated hotels,and the amounts of industrial wastewater emissions,tourism foreign exchange earnings,forest coverage,and other parameters are the key factors affecting TES,and the booming tourism industry requires the interconnection and interpenetration of various factors.The results of this study can provide a reference for tourism development and ecological environmental protection in the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Externalities and the Magnitude of Cyber Security Underinvestment by Private Sector Firms: A Modification of the Gordon-Loeb Model

Cyber security breaches inflict costs to consumers and businesses. The possibility also exists that a cyber security breach may shut down an entire critical infrastructure industry, putting a nation’s whole economy and national defense at risk. Hence, the issue of cyber security investment has risen to the top of the agenda of business and government executives. This paper examines how the existence of well-recognized externalities changes the maximum a firm should, from a social welfare perspective, invest in cyber security activities. By extending the cyber security investment model of Gordon and Loeb [1] to incorporate externalities, we show that the firm’s social optimal investment in cyber security increases by no more than 37% of the expected externality loss.

Triple bottom-line consideration of sustainable plant disease management:From economic,sociological and ecological perspectives

Plant disease management plays an important role in achieving the sustainable development goals of the United Nations(UN)such as food security,human health,socio-economic improvement,resource conservation and ecological resilience.However,technologies available are often limited due to different interests between producers and society and lacks of proper understanding of economic thresholds and the complex interactions among ecology,productivity and profitability.A comprehensive synergy and conflict evaluation of economic,sociological and ecological effects with technologies,productions and evolutionary principles as main components should be used to guide sustainable disease management that aims to mitigate crop and economic losses in the short term while maintaining functional farm ecosystem in the long term.Consequently,there should be an increased emphasis on technology development,public education and information exchange among governments,researchers,producers and consumers to broaden the options for disease management in the future.

Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China

In China,the traditional early and late season double rice(DR)system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems:ratoon rice(RR)and rice-crawfish(RC).Three methodologies:economic analysis,emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment(LCA)were employed to evaluate the economics and sustainability of this paddy cropping system change.Economic analysis indicated that the income and profit of the RC system were far larger than those of RR and DR.The income to costs ratio of RR and RC increased by 25.5 and 122.7%compared with that of DR,respectively.RC had the highest emergy input thanks to increasing irrigation water,electricity,juvenile crawfish and forage input while RR showed a lower total emergy and nonrenewable emergy input,such as irrigation water,electricity,fertilizers and pesticides than DR.The environmental loading ratios decreased by 16.7-50.4%when cropping system changed from DR to RR or from DR to RC while the emergy sustainability indexes increased by 22.6-112.9%.The life cycle assessment indicated lower potential environmental impacts of RR and RC,whose total environmental impact indexes were 35.0-61.0%lower than that of DR.Grain yield of RR was comparable with that of DR in spite of less financial and emergy input of RR,but RC had a much lower grain yield(a 53.6%reduction compared to DR).These results suggested that RR is a suitable cropping system to achieve the food security,economic and environmental goals.

Sustainable livelihood security in Odisha, India: A district level analysis

Sustainable livelihood security(SLS) is an integrating framework that encompasses current concerns and policy requirements for ecological, social, and economic dimensions of sustainable development. It carries particular importance for developing economies. This study intends to verify the relative status of SLS of the 30 districts in Odisha, which is a backward state in eastern India. In this study, a total of 22 relevant indicators relating to the three components of SLS—ecological security, social equity, and economic efficiency have been taken, based on various kinds of government reports. The principal component analysis(PCA) was used to ascertain the indicators and the importance of each of them to the corresponding component of SLS. The ecological security index(ESI), social equity index(SEI), economic efficiency index(EEI), and composite sustainable livelihood security index(CSLSI) of each district of Odisha were calculated through the min-max normalization technique. The results revealed that there are wide variations in SLS among the districts of Odisha. In this study, the districts are categorized into four levels based on the scores of ESI, SEI, EEI, and CSLSI as very low(<0.400), low(0.400–0.549), medium(0.550–0.700), and high(>0.700). According to the classification result of CSLSI, 2 districts are found to be in the very low category, 20 districts are under the low sustainability category, 8 districts are in the medium category, and none of the districts are found to be in the high sustainability category. The district of Sambalpur ranks the highest with a CSLSI score of 0.624. The bottom five districts are Gajapati, Bolangir, Nabarangpur, Kandhamal, and Malkangiri, having the CSLSI scores of 0.438, 0.435, 0.406, 0.391, and 0.344, respectively. The result of this study suggests that region-specific, systematic, and proactive approaches are desirable for balanced development in Odisha. Further, policy intervention is required to implement more inclusive tribal welfare policies.