Effect of Tip-Blade Cutting on the Performance of Large Scale Axial Fan

The effect of tip-blade cutting on the performance of a large scale axial fan was investigated using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods.Experiments verified the numerical simulations.The original fan was compared with the one with tip-cutting in terms of dimensionless characteristic and aerodynamic performance in tip region under the conditions of the maximum efficiency point and near-stall point.The results showed that double leakage flow occurred in tip clearance at maximum efficiency point and spillage of leakage flow from leading edge occurred in tip-blade region at near-stall point for the both two fans;and that tip-cutting with 6% of blade height could reduce the intensity of tip-leakage vortex and increase flow capacity in tip blade region,and hold the stall margin almost the same as the original fan.The maximum efficiency of the fan with tip-cutting was improved by1%,and the ability of total pressure rising was obviously greater than the original fan.

Development of Cutting Condition Monitoring System for ID-blade Saw Slicing Machine

The purpose of this study is focused on development of an online monitoring system for measuring and evaluating the cutting condition as the ID-blade saw is cutting a silicon ingot. First,the cutting experiments are carried out and the cutting signals during the blade slicing a six-inch ingot are measured by a 3-axes load sensor which is mounted on the top of the ingot. To evaluate the blade condition in slicing,a novel data processing method,combining the discrete Fourier transform(DFT) with the discrete Wavelet transform(DWT),is proposed in this paper for extracting the components due to the rotation of the blade and the cutting impedance. To validate the effect of the method,four ID-blades with three different types of the blade edge are used and discussed. The obtained results show that the component induced from the rotation and the component due to the blade slicing can be extracted efficiently by introduction of the proposed method. Furthermore,a simple online monitoring system,which consists of a 3-axes load sensor or acceleration sensor,DC cuts high-pass filter,and AD converter embedded microcomputer,is designed. The estimated cutting condition information obtained from the proposed monitoring system can be used as a feedback signal to the slicing machine for production of high quality wafer.

Cutting performance of saw blades with microtextured rougher and finisher sawteeth

The problems of severe sawtooth wear,harsh sawing noise,and low surface quality during the processing of circular saw blades need to be solved.To improve the cutting performance of TiC-based cermet saw blades,microtextures parallel to the cutting edge were fabricated on rough and fine sawteeth by laser machining.The cutting tests were performed on a sawing platform under lubricated conditions.Models of the sawing arc length and working sawtooth cutting force variations were developed for sawing steel pipes,and the accuracy of the sawing force model was verified experimentally.The results indicate that the variations in the sawing force are proportional to the sawing arc length.The circular saw blades with microtextures that did not penetrate the sawtooth rake face exhibited the lowest cutting force,sawing noise,and highest machined surface quality.Furthermore,the worn-out distance of the rougher and finisher sawteeth was reduced by approximately 7.4%and 44.1%,respectively,compared with conventional circular saw blades.The main failure modes of sawteeth were tip wear,rake face adhesion,and oxidative wear.In addition,the mechanism by which the textures improve the cutting and wear properties of TiC-based circular saw blades was discussed.This study provided a significant concept for enhancing the cutting performance of circular saw blades and improving the machined surface quality.

Ultrasonically Assisted Cutting of Histological Sections for Reducing the Environmental and Financial Impact of Microtomy

Modern-day microtomy requires high precision equipment to thinly section biological tissues.The sectioned tissue must be of good quality not showing cutting tracks or so-called artefacts.The quality of these sections is dependent on the blade wear,which is related to the hardness of the tissue sample,cutting angle and cutting speed.A test rig has been designed and manufactured to allow these parameters to be controlled.This has allowed for the blade wear to be analysed and quantified,and this has been completed for both ultrasonically assisted and conventional cutting.The obtained results showed a 25.2%decrease in average blade roughness after 38 cuts when using the ultrasonically assisted cutting regime.The data also showed no adverse effect on the quality of the slides produced when using this cutting methodology.Finally,the cutting force measured for both cutting regimes showed that ultrasonically assisted cutting required less force compared to conventional cutting.With the reduction of surface roughness and force,it is possible to state that ultrasonically assisted cutting reduces the wear of the blade,thereby increasing the life of the blades.An increase of just 10%in blade life would yield a cost saving of approximately 25%thereby reducing the environmental and financial impact of microtomy.

Optimizing the Glass Fiber Cutting Process Using the Taguchi Methods and Grey Relational Analysis

This paper mainly describes a new approach to optimizing of the cutting glass fiber with multiple performance characteristics, based on reliability analysis, Taguchi and Grey methods. During the cutting process, the speed, the volume and the cutting load are optimized cutting parameters when the performance characteristics, which include Weibull modulus and blade wear, are taken into consideration. In this paper, optimization with multiple performance characteristics is found to be the highest cutting speed and the smallest cutting volume, and the medium cutting load. An analysis of the variance of the blade wear indicates that the cutting speed (47.21%), the cutting volume (14.62%) and the cutting load (12.20%) are the most significant parameters in the cutting process of glass fibers. In summary, the most optimal cutting parameter should be A3B1C2. The results of experiments have shown that the multiple performance characteristics of cutting glass fiber are improved effectively through this approach.

多连杆式下斜刃横切剪剪切力数值分析

针对多连杆式下斜刃横切剪剪切力求解问题,采用有限单元法建立了数值求解模型。用装配后的实物进行了剪切实验,将数值解和实验解、文献解进行对比,三者结果之间比较吻合,验证了数值求解模型合理性。对不同带材厚度h、剪刃侧向间隙Δ、下剪刃斜度tanα、剪切液压缸伸出速度v及上下剪刃磨损量ω下的横切剪剪切力分布规律进行了归纳。分析结果表明,下剪刃磨损对剪切力的分布影响大于上剪刃的磨损,剪切厚度为6mm的带材的最佳剪刃侧向间隙Δ可取为(0.4±0.1)mm、下剪刃斜度tanα可取为1/25、剪切液压缸伸出速度可取为(300±50)mm/s。提出了横切剪在设计、选型、电气调试以及实际使用过程中的一些建议。

初始残余应力的检测方法及其在薄壁叶片加工变形分析中的应用研究

薄壁叶片是航空发动机的关键部件,在加工过程中极易发生剧烈的变形。已有的变形研究控制重点关注在减小切削力和加工残余应力(Machining‑induced residual stress,MIRS)这两方面。本文利用材料热处理和锻造过程中产生的初始残余应力(Initial residual stress,IRS)来减轻薄壁零件受切削力与加工残余应力影响所产生的变形。由于初始残余应力测量困难且具有破坏性,本文提出了一种初始残余应力逆辨识方法来测量Ti6Al4V的初始残余应力。与传统的初始残余应力测量方法相比,逆辨识方法更符合应力分布和叶片变形的分布趋势。为了研究和解耦初始残余应力、加工残余应力和切削力之间对加工变形影响的相互作用,针对钛合金直纹叶片为对象进行实验验证,并建立了有限元预测模型。在分析切削力与加工残余应力对变形的影响后,可以得到切削力占变形程度的46.17%,平均值为26.36μm,而加工残余应力占变形程度的53.83%,平均值为30.70μm。耦合初始残余应力后使得整体的变形减小,受加工残余应力影响的最大挠度变形从35.32μm降低到15.50μm,该分析为利用初始残余应力减小薄壁叶片加工变形提供了新的方法。

叶片结构参数对涡流分级机分级性能的影响

为了探究叶片安装角度与叶片数量对涡流分级机分级性能的影响,对6种不同叶片结构的分级轮进行了数值模拟研究。制备了4种不同叶片结构的分级轮分别加工金属硅、碳酸钙和碳素,并得出各个物料的分割粒径、分级精度作为评价涡流分级机性能的指标。结果表明:可通过增加叶片数量与偏移叶片安装角度,达到对环形分级区内外流场的优化效果以保证物料分级的顺利进行。叶片安装角度由15°提升至60°、叶片数量由72片降至48片后,金属硅、碳酸钙和碳素切割尺寸分别由2.45 m、1.679 m和2.822 m降低至2.147 m、1.427 m和1.816 m;金属硅、碳酸钙和碳素的分级精度分别由37.44%、40.48%和40.94%变化至38.58%、40.38%和45.00%。叶片安装角度变化对分级性能影响更为显著。

等滑切角锯齿型刀片优化设计与试验

基于已设计出的藤茎类秸秆切割刀片,创建切割功耗模型,将切割功耗最小作为目标函数并进行优化计算,获得最优滑切角为40°。对切割功耗的三个主要影响因素进行正交试验,结果表明:当秸秆含水率增加时,切割功耗随含水率的增加而增大;当单次切割量增加时,切割功耗也随之增大;相同的切割情况下,滑切角为40°的锯齿型刀片的切割功耗最低、切割效率最高。两种统计学方法分析的结果都表明:刀片种类对切割功耗的影响最显著,然后是秸秆含水率,最后是单次切割量。最优组合为:秸秆含水率为20%左右,单次切割量为6 kg,滑切角为40°的锯齿型刀片。

基于DEM-MBD的油茶林分层切抛式开沟刀组研制

针对油茶种植林地土壤粘重板结环境下因刀片剧烈冲击导致开沟效果不理想、功率消耗较大和机具振动的问题,该研究设计了一种油茶林分层切抛式开沟刀组。根据油茶开沟施肥的农艺要求,分析土壤与切土刀片间的相互作用、建立土壤颗粒在抛土刀面上的动力学微分方程,得到影响刀组切抛性能的关键因素为偏心系数、最大工作半径r1处滑切角、安装角和刀轴转速。通过EDEM-RecurDyn耦合仿真,以作业功耗与沟深稳定性系数为评价指标进行单因素及二次正交旋转组合试验,基于NSGA-Ⅲ算法对构建的二阶多项式响应面模型进行循环逼近优化,确定最优参数组合为:偏心系数1.3、最大工作半径r1处滑切角64.7°、安装角55.1°、刀轴转速301 r/min,与对照组单一外层切土刀和正装抛土刀的组合方式相比,最优参数组合下分层切抛式开沟刀组的扭矩波动降低率为21.53%。田间试验结果表明,最优参数刀组下仿真与田间试验的作业功耗、沟深稳定性系数相对误差分别为10.25%和4.55%,验证了耦合仿真模型的准确性;田间试验的作业功耗与沟深稳定性系数分别为25.96 kW和88.31%,比功耗和现有的果园开沟刀组相比降低了8.31%,沟深稳定性系数满足国家相关标准的技术要求,研究结果可为油茶林开沟刀组的设计和优化提供理论支撑与参考。

基于BP神经网络的刀片切割竹枝性能研究

为探究竹枝切割时的刀片切割性能影响因素,支持后续打枝装置的设计,开展竹枝切割刀片性能研究试验,通过单因素试验研究,利用切割阻力作为衡量标准,探究刀片切割性能与关键参数(刀片的滑动角、楔角和滑动速度)之间的相互关系。试验结果显示,随着刀片滑动角和楔角的减小,刀片切割性能呈现明显改善。同时,随着刀片滑动速度的增加,切割性能也呈现相应提升趋势。在多组实验中,采用不同的刀片滑切角度、楔角和滑切速度参数,对不同直径尺寸的竹枝进行切割,并收集了切割阻力的数据构成数据集,构建一个3层BP神经网络模型,研究了刀片切割性能与滑切角度、楔角以及滑切速度之间的关联,并应用相关模型进行了拟合和预测。在BP神经网络中,当隐含层节点数设定为9时,成功建立了刀片切割阻力模型,精准地预测了刀片切割过程中的阻力变化,对刀片切割竹枝性能研究具有一定参考价值。

Postprocessor development for ultrasonic cutting of honeycomb core curved surface with a straight blade

When ultrasonically cutting honeycomb core curved parts,the tool face of the straight blade must be along the curved surface’s tangent direction at all times to ensure high-quality machining of the curved surface.However,given that the straight blade is a nonstandard tool,the existing computer-aided manufacturing technology cannot directly realize the above action requirement.To solve this problem,this paper proposed an algorithm for extracting a straight blade real-time tool face vector from a 5-axis milling automatically programmed tool location file,which can realize the tool location point and tool axis vector conversion from the flat end mill to the straight blade.At the same time,for the multi-solution problem of the rotation axis,the dependent axis rotation minimization algorithm was introduced,and the spindle rotation algorithm was proposed for the tool edge orientation problem when the straight blade is used to machine the curved part.Finally,on the basis of the MATLAB platform,the dependent axis rotation minimization algorithm and spindle rotation algorithm were integrated and compiled,and the straight blade ultrasonic cutting honeycomb core postprocessor was then developed.The model of the machine tool and the definition of the straight blade were conducted in the VERICUT simulation software,and the simulation machining of the equivalent entity of the honeycomb core can then be realized.The correctness of the numerical control program generated by the postprocessor was verified by machining and accuracy testing of the two designed features.Observation and analysis of the simulation and experiment indicate that the tool pose is the same under each working condition,and the workpieces obtained by machining also meet the corresponding accuracy requirements.Therefore,the postprocessor developed in this paper can be well adapted to the honeycomb core ultrasonic cutting machine tool and realize high-quality and high-efficient machining of honeycomb core composites.

三七茎叶采收机仿生切割刀片设计与试验

针对传统三七茎叶采收机切割刀片在滑切减阻、刀片刃口锋利性等方面存在明显不足,以切叶蚁上颚结构特征为仿生原型,运用逆向工程技术,提取切叶蚁上颚轮廓曲线,分别基于切叶蚁的切齿齿顶尖锐端和上颚轮廓曲线设计了A、B两种不同的仿生切割刀片;开展了EDEM仿真与台架对比试验,仿真试验结果表明,仿生刀片A、B相较于传统刀片的平均最大剪切力分别降低7.74%和3.07%;台架试验结果表明,仿生刀片A、B相较于传统刀片的平均最大剪切力分别降低8.84%和2.53%,并且仿生刀片A、B在提高三七茎秆横切面平整度方面效果显著;3种刀片仿真试验与台架试验所测得的最大剪切力误差均不大于3.64%,仿真试验结果与实际试验结果基本一致。以刀型、切割倾角、切割速度为试验因素,开展正交试验,确定了较优参数组合为仿生刀片A、切割倾角0°、切割速度400 mm/min。基于较优参数组合开展田间试验,结果显示其对三七茎叶采收平均完整率为97.37%,较传统刀片提升2.01个百分点,平均漏割率为2.64%,较传统刀片降低1.46个百分点,表明以切叶蚁上颚切齿齿顶尖锐端为特征点设计的仿生刀片能够有效提升三七采收机作业性能。

基于电化学圆周3D打印的切割片制备基础研究

[目的]制备超薄金刚石切割片的常规侧面沉积工艺存在两侧不一致而引起切割受力不对称、导致加工缺陷等问题。为此,提出了一种基于电化学圆周3D打印的新技术,探索圆环超薄片沿圆周生长的可能性,从基础上先研究以圆周径向逐圈生长的方式制备环形镍薄片的方法。[方法]在自主设计制造的电化学圆周3D打印实验平台上,探索在旋转状态下环形镍薄片的成形机制。先建立等比二维仿真模型,采用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元仿真软件进行仿真,研究不同电沉积参数对沉积层轮廓及电解质电流密度分布的影响。然后通过单因素实验,研究了加工电流和阴极旋转速率对镍薄片沉积形貌及其均匀性的影响。[结果]在45钢基体直径50mm、极间距1.5mm的情况下,当加工电流为0.10~0.15A,阴极旋转速率为1.0~1.5 r/s时,可以获得均匀性较好的镍金属薄片。[结论]本研究为以电化学圆周3D打印方式制备精密切割片打下了基础。

青饲料收获机定动刀间隙自动调整装置设计

快速发展的畜牧业急需新鲜的秸秆作为牲畜饲料,而将玉米秸秆切碎收获,不仅能解决牲畜饲料来源问题,还能增加农民收入。青饲料收获机在作业过程中,由于切碎饲料的动刀片磨损,发生切不断现象,需要停机修复动刀。修复动刀后,刀刃变短,定动刀之间的间隙变大,直接影响饲料切碎质量和效率。为了解决这一问题,设计了一种青饲料收获机定动刀间隙自动调整装置,可以一键启动,自动调节定动刀之间的间隙,有效降低人工操作强度,还能保证定动刀左右两侧间隙的一致性。该自动调整装置操作方便、智能化程度高,既节约了农时,又提高了饲料的切碎质量和作业效率。

水平井V形岩屑床清除工具研制与应用

井筒岩屑床堆积是制约水平井安全高效钻井的主要因素之一,研究表明环空钻井液螺旋流动能够有效提升岩屑清除效率。为此,应用CFD数值模拟与实验的方法设计了一种能够产生环空螺旋流的岩屑床清除工具并进行了现场应用,结果表明:V形叶片对岩屑运移的促进效果及对岩屑床的扰动能力均要强于螺旋形和直棱形叶片,是产生环空螺旋流的首选结构形式;V形叶片的叶片长度存在最优区间,叶片高度越大效果越好,叶片数量影响较弱;现场应用表明岩屑床清除工具在强度、硬度及叶片耐磨性均满足页岩气水平井现场作业要求,工具可随钻破坏并清除岩屑床,结合起钻过程中对岩屑床堆积重点井段进划眼作业,可将顽固性大颗粒岩屑床破坏清除,有效改善井眼清洁效果。

机匣包容试验的叶片根部爆破飞断方法

在航空发动机包容试验中,为满足叶片在根部失效的要求,设计了基于爆破切割技术的叶片根部飞断试验方法。通过平板静态爆破试验确定了柔爆索的切割能力,并使用柔爆索进行了真实叶片的静态爆破试验。在MTS拉伸试验机上对爆破切割后的损伤叶片进行了静拉伸试验,确定了损伤叶片的剩余强度为50~56 kN。按照静态爆破试验获得的开槽尺寸在叶片根部开槽并敷设柔爆索,采用树脂胶固定后,在立式转子试验器上采用遥控触发的方式进行了真实叶片旋转状态下的飞断试验。结果表明:在叶片两侧加工4 mm深沟槽并敷设柔爆索爆破后,叶片被柔爆索切割,并在预定飞断转速下失效飞出。飞断截面断口显示叶片中段被柔爆索的金属射流完全切断,前后缘在离心载荷作用下拉断,爆破作用没有对叶片产生附加动能,成功实现了叶片在预定转速下的根部断裂失效。

水泥混凝土切割机作业动力学及参数选取

为确保水泥混凝土切割机参数选取的科学性,对其应用效果进行研究。运用金刚石锯片切割机理对水泥混凝土切割机开展动力学分析,探究不同组成结构在实际切割作业中的动力学变化及其对切割效率的影响。通过借鉴同类旋转作业机械的研究成果,对水泥混凝土切割机的切割锯锯片功率、复合运动和锯切阻力的规律展开深入分析。结果表明,在不同工况下,水泥混凝土切割机的作业参数受到锯切深度、作业速度、金刚石锯片转速的影响,可通过控制变量的方式获得最佳作业参数。在水泥混凝土切割机的参数选取中,锯片直径的大小与锯切阻力之间存在正比关系,锯切阻力与锯片转速存在反比关系。在参数选取中要综合考虑作业参数、锯切材料、金刚石锯片等多重因素的影响,可运用有限元的分析方法对其运行参数进行科学计算。

采煤机叶片提升角对截割滚筒的影响作用分析

采煤机是煤矿自动化综采的重要设备,滚筒的结构中叶片提升角是重要的设计参数,对滚筒截齿的数量及方向具有重要的影响,从而影响采煤机的开采效率及块煤率。针对采煤机滚筒受到的载荷作用进行分析,在不同的叶片提升角作用下,建立滚筒截割的数值分析模型,对滚筒受到的平均阻力、最大阻力、载荷波动系数及截割比能耗进行计算分析,从而为采煤机滚筒的设计使用提供参考。

数控车床加工的产品质量控制

使用数控车床在加工过程中,经常会碰到尺寸精度不稳定、位置精度不稳定、表面粗糙度不稳定等产品质量难以控制的问题,甚至会碰到不明原因的振刀、断刀、缠屑、零件变形等问题,本文主要从三个大方面阐述数控车床加工的产品质量控制方法,数控车床设备,工艺方法、刀杆、刀片的选择和切削用量。