FUNCTIONALIZING PS MICROSPHERES BY SUPERCRITICAL DEPOSITION OF P(S-b-tBA) FOR DIVERSE INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES EXEMPLIFIED WITH BIOCIDAL ABILITY

Polystyrene （PS） microsphel＂es were functionalized with poly（styrene-b-tert-butyl acrylate） （P（S-b-tBA）） by adsorption from supereritical mixture of CO2 and hexane. Supercritical deposition formed a shell-core structure that contained a shell ofpoly（tert-butyl acrylate） （PtBA） blocks and a core of the PS blocks entangling with the PS microspheres. The thickness of the PtBA layer and thereby the areal density of ten-butyl ester groups increased v;ith the deposition pressure until plateau values attained at 20 MPa and higher. The tert-butyl ester groups were hydrolyzed to earboxyl groups for conjugation with tert-butylamine molecules via amide bonds that were further chlorinated into biocidal N-halamine moieties. The functionalization layer and its bonded N-halamine moieties were stable in flowing watel and the chlorine could be regenerated upon eventual loss. This functionalization concept is applicable to polymers of any external and internal surfaces to achieve diverse surface properties by varying block eopolymer and conjugated mo：ieties.

Reply to the Comment by Tan Mingxuan et al.(2017), on “A new Discovery of the Early Cretaceous Supercritical Hyperpycnal Flow Deposits on the Lingshan Island, East China”

We thank Tan Mingxuan et al. （2017） for their comments stimulated by our short paper in the recent Acta Geologica Sinica （English edition）. We are grateful for the opportunity to expand on the model of the supercritical hyperpycnal flow deposits in the Beilaishi section on the Lingshan Island, and to explain why the model proposed by Tan Mingxuan et al. （2017） cannot explain the bulk of the deposits in the Beilaishi section. We do not dispute that the recognition of supercritical flow deposits remains ambiguous （Ono and Plink-Bjorklund, 2017）. To some extent, the morphology of deep-water supercritical flow deposits is similar to hummocky and swaley cross- stratification （Ono and Plink-Bjorklund, 2017）. Besides, distinguishing the deposits laid down by gravity flows in deep-water systems from those produced by storm-related combined flows in continental shelf systems is not an easy task （Ono and Plink-Bjorklund, 2017）. However, a correct interpretation is crucial for understanding the paleogeographic and depositional model.

A new discovery of The Early Cretaceous Supercritical Hyperpycnal Flow Deposits on Lingshan Island,East China

Objective Understanding the dynamics of sediment gravity flows is of great importance to correctly interpret their related deposits. The discovery of supercritical sediment gravity flows provides some new viewpoints for the explanation of controversial sediment gravity flow deposits. However, the dynamics, formation, evolution processes of supercritical sediment gravity flows and their recognition criteria from their associated deposits are still worldwide controversial. The supercritical hyperpycnal flow deposits recognized in the upper part of Early Cretaceous Lingshandao Formation provide a rare opporttmity to understand their sedimentary characteristics. This work is aimed at documenting the typical sedimentary structures associated with the supercritical hyperpycnal flow, and discussing the vertical stacking and its relationship with flow evolution.