Study on Independent Supervision Function of Design Assurance System

The effective operation of a design assurance system cannot be achieved without the effective performance of the independent supervision function.As one of the core functions of the design assurance system,the purpose of the independent supervision function is to ensure that the system operates within the scope of procedures and manuals.At present,the function of independent supervision is a difficult and confusing issue for various original equipment manufacturers as well as suppliers,and there is an urgent requirement to put forward relevant requirements and form relevant methods.Based on the above mentioned objective,the basic requirements of the independent supervision function of design assurance system were studied,the problems and deficiencies in the organization,staffing,and methods existing in the current independent supervision function were analyzed,the improvement suggestions and measures for the performance of the independent supervision function from the aspects of the organization,staffing,procedures,and suppliers were put forward.The present work and conclusions provide guidance and direction for the effective operation of the design assurance system.

From Control to Empowerment:A Paradigm Shift in the Discourse of Educational Supervision

As educational reforms intensify and societal emphasis shifts towards empowerment,the traditional discourse paradigm of management and control in educational supervision faces growing challenges.This paper explores the transformation of this discourse paradigm through the lens of empowerment,analyzing its distinct characteristics,potential pathways,and effective strategies.This paper begins by reviewing the concept of empowerment and examining the current research landscape surrounding the discourse paradigm in educational supervision.Subsequently,we conduct a comparative analysis of the“control”and“empowerment”paradigms,highlighting their essential differences.This analysis illuminates the key characteristics of an empowerment-oriented approach to educational supervision,particularly its emphasis on dialogue,collaboration,participation,and,crucially,empowerment itself.Ultimately,this research advocates for a shift in educational supervision towards an empowerment-oriented discourse system.This entails a multi-pronged approach:transforming ingrained beliefs,embracing renewed pedagogical concepts,fostering methodological innovation,and optimizing existing mechanisms and strategies within educational supervision.These changes are proposed to facilitate the more effective alignment of educational supervision with the pursuit of high-quality education.

Research on effectiveness of coal mine safety supervision system reform on three types of collieries in China

Coal mine safety supervision system plays an important role in the coal mine safety management in China.However,the current supervision system is established on the basis of learning the advanced experience from other developed countries.It needs to be further improved according to national conditions.Therefore,the effectiveness of coal mine safety supervision system reform on three types of collieries are assessed by using time series analysis method based on comparative analysis of the supervision system before and after the reform in this paper.The regression results show that the structural reform is not conductive to the improvement of coal mine safety situation in the short term,but conductive significantly in the long term.Specifically,the effects in township coal mines are more significant than stateowned key coal mines in the long run,but negative effects also exist in the short term.The negative effects in state-owned key coal mines are non-significant compared with township coal mines.Moreover,the regression results are analyzed from the aspects of the closure policy of illegal small township coal mines at the end of 1998 and shortage of the new supervision system.Finally,the suggestions on improving the new supervision system are put forward based on the above analysis.

Research on the intelligent supervision and operation platform of railway real estate

Railway real estate is the fundamental element of railway transportation production and operation.Effective management and rational utilization of railway real estate is essential for railway asset operation.Based on the investigation of the requirements of railway real estate management and operation,combined with Beidou positioning,GIS(Geographic Information System),multi-source data fusion and other cutting-edge technologies,this paper puts forward the multi-dimensional dynamic statistical method of real estate information,the identification method of railway land occupation and the comprehensive evaluation method of real estate development and utilization potential,and build the railway real estate supervision and operation platform,design the function of the platform,so as to provide intelligent solutions for the railway real estate operation.

Problems of Rural Food Safety and Strategies of Constructing Supervision System

This paper expounds the practical necessity of constructing diversified rural food safety supervision system as follows: it is the necessary requirements of guaranteeing people's health and life safety; it is an important component of governmental function of social management and the logical extension of administrative responsibilities; it is the basis of maintaining order of rural society and constructing harmonious society. The main problems existing in the supervision of rural food safety are analyzed as follows: first, the legislative work of rural food safety lags behind to some extent; second, the supervision of governmental departments on rural food safety is insufficient; third, the industrial supervision mechanism of rural food security is not perfect; fourth, the role of rural social organizations in supervising food safety is limited; fifth, the farmers' awareness of food safety supervision is not strong. Based on these problems, the targeted strategies of constructing diversified rural food safety supervision system are put forward as follows: accelerate the legislation of rural food safety, and ensure that there are laws to go by; give play to the dominant role of government, and strengthen administrative supervision on rural food safety; perfect industrial convention of rural food safety, and improve industrial supervision mechanism; actively support the fostering of social organizations, and give play to the role of supervision of organizations; cultivate correct concept of rights and obligations of farmers, and form awareness of food safety supervision.

Cooperative management of an emission trading system:a private governance and learned auction for a blockchain approach

Although blockchain technology has received a significant amount of cutting-edge research on constructing a novel carbon trade market in theory,there is little research on using blockchain in carbon emission trading schemes(ETS).This study intends to address existing gaps in the literature by creating and simulating an ETS system based on blockchain technology.Using the ciphertext-policy attributed-based encryption algorithm and the Fabric network to build a platform may optimize the amount of data available while maintaining privacy security.Considering the augmentation of information interaction during the auction process brought about by blockchain,the learning behavior of bidding firms is introduced to investigate the impact of blockchain on ETS auction.In particular,implementing smart contracts can provide a swift and automatic settlement.The simulation results of the proposed system demonstrate the following:(1)fine-grained access is possible with a second delay;(2)the average annual compliance levels increase by 2%when bidders’learning behavior is considered;and(3)the blockchain network can process more than 350 reading operations or 7 writing operations in a second.Novel cooperative management of an ETS platform based on blockchain is proposed.The data access control policy based on CP-ABE is used to solve the contradiction between data privacy on the firm chain and government supervision.A learned auction strategy is proposed to suit the enhancement of information interaction caused by blockchain technology.This study provides a new method for climate change policymakers to consider the blockchain application of the carbon market.

Strategic interaction between institutional investors and supervision department:a theoretical analysis of low‑price collusion in SBIC

We introduce evolutionary game method to analyze low-price collusion in inquiry market of Sci-Tech Innovation Board of China(SIBC)from the perspective of strategic interaction between large institutional investors(LIIs),small and medium-sized institutional investors(SMIIs),and supervision department(SD).The results show that supervision behaviors of SD,and quotation behaviors of institutional investors,are subject to supervision conditions.Under the condition that benefits of tough supervision are lower a lot than minimum benefits of light supervision(light supervision condition),SD will choose light supervision and institutional investors will turn to illegal quotation in response.Finally,a steady-state equilibrium with low-price collusion will form in SIBC’s inquiry market even with a large supervision penalty for illegal quotation.On the contrary,under the condition that benefits of tough supervision are higher a lot than maximum benefits of light supervision(tough supervision condition)and with a large penalty for illegal quotation,SD and institutional investors will choose tough supervision and legal quotation.Further numerical simulations under light supervision condition show that:(1)High-price culling rule will become a booster for low-price collusion and accelerate SMIIs’evolutionary process to imitative quotation.(2)Blindly increasing penalties for illegal quotation or reducing the culling rate is not an appropriate approach to solve the problem of low-price collusion since it cannot shift supervision condition from light into tough and make SD supervise toughly.(3)Institutional investors’choices of quotation strategies are more volatile and highly susceptible to supervision behaviors of SD when facing exogenous uncertainty.Therefore,the keys to solving the problem of low-price collusion are shifting supervision condition from light into tough through increasing incremental benefits of tough supervision,and providing institutional investors with a stable and predictable supervision policy.In conclusion,the creation of a fair inquiry market doesn’t only depend on restraint and punishment to institutional investors,but also requires the establishment of supervision mechanism those are compatible with market-based inquiry.

A Systematic Literature Review of Deep Learning Algorithms for Segmentation of the COVID-19 Infection

Coronavirus has infected more than 753 million people,ranging in severity from one person to another,where more than six million infected people died worldwide.Computer-aided diagnostic(CAD)with artificial intelligence(AI)showed outstanding performance in effectively diagnosing this virus in real-time.Computed tomography is a complementary diagnostic tool to clarify the damage of COVID-19 in the lungs even before symptoms appear in patients.This paper conducts a systematic literature review of deep learning methods for classifying the segmentation of COVID-19 infection in the lungs.We used the methodology of systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)flow method.This research aims to systematically analyze the supervised deep learning methods,open resource datasets,data augmentation methods,and loss functions used for various segment shapes of COVID-19 infection from computerized tomography(CT)chest images.We have selected 56 primary studies relevant to the topic of the paper.We have compared different aspects of the algorithms used to segment infected areas in the CT images.Limitations to deep learning in the segmentation of infected areas still need to be developed to predict smaller regions of infection at the beginning of their appearance.

Routine Supportive Supervision and Management of Medicines and Other Health Products and Technologies in Vihiga County, Kenya

Health Products and Technologies (HPTs) are pivotal for an efficient health system. Availability and accessibility to affordable health products are critical indicators towards achieving universal health coverage. Routine supportive supervision, performance monitoring, recognition of efforts and client feedback are vital activities toward health supply chain system strengthening. This is a descriptive paper that describes a model of integrated commodity supportive supervision, and mentorship and its impact on various outcomes of health commodity management. Data were abstracted from the standardized scored checklists used during integrated commodity supportive supervision and supply chain audit in public health facilities in Vihiga County. Scores for the period 2020 to 2022 were analyzed on the eight key areas of interest. The analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 26). Results are interpreted at 95% Confidence interval. This paper also shares findings from both quantitative and qualitative data from client exit and facility managers’ interviews. Six complete rounds of supervisions, three clients and service providers’ interviews, and three annual award events have been conducted. We observed trends across six data collections points and compared the results at first point or baseline (January-June 2020) to the results at the last point or end line (April-June 2022). Findings show significant improvements on the eight parameters in terms of mean scores as follows: resolution of issues from previous visits by 35.06% (46.75% - 81.81%);storage of HPTs by 17.41% (68.72% - 86.13%);inventory management by 28.16% (42.67% - 70.83%);availability and use of commodity data management information systems (MIS) tools by 22.39% (74.40% - 96.79%);verification of commodity data by 25.61% (65.56% - 91.17%);availability of guidelines and job aids for commodity management by 46.28% (36.65% - 82.93%). There was an improvement on the mean score on accountability by 20.22% (58.58% - 83.51%). The composite (final) score improved by 28.33% (56.19% - 84.52%). There was progressive narrowing of the standard deviations on all the indicators across the study period. This demonstrates that there is standardization of practices and positive competition among all the public health facilities. There were significant improvements on all the eight indicators. Routine integrated commodity supportive supervision has proven to be an effective high impact intervention in improving management of health products and technologies in Vihiga County, Kenya.

On the Expansion and Realization of the Right to Environmental Information in Environmental Protection Supervision

As an innovation in the environmental governance system that breaks the traditional hierarchical structure,environmental protection supervision has not only played a significant role in protecting tangible environmental rights but also expanded the basic scope of the right to environmental information—part of procedural environmental rights.In the supervision of environmental protection,the objects of the right to environmental information and the subjects of the obligation to provide environmental information have been both expanded,with the focus shifting from government information to Party information and from administrative organs to Party organs.This vividly demonstrates the Communist Party of China’s concrete efforts to protect human rights in the field of the endeavor to build an ecological civilization.At present,the realization of the right to environmental information in environmental protection supervision still faces problems such as insufficient standards and norms,disordered practice and operation,and lack of liability guarantee.In this context,based on renewing relevant subjects’cognition of the right to know in environmental protection supervision,we should further improve and specify the rule for disclosing information about environmental protection supervision,rationally distribute the obligations for information disclosure in environmental protection supervision,and clarify the accountability rules for violating relevant requirements for information disclosure,so as to promote the overall development of the environmental protection supervision system while guaranteeing the realization of the right to environmental information.

Supervision of Public Opinion under the Background of Social Co-governance-Take the Changsheng Vaccine Incident as an Example

Objective To provide reference for the news media to give play to the role of public opinion supervision in time based on the background of drug safety and social co-governance.Methods The method of case analysis was used to make a retrospective study on the Changsheng vaccine incident in 2018.Then the role of mainstream media,pharmaceutical media,and self-media in the supervision of public opinion was investigated.Results and Conclusion Both mainstream and pharmaceutical media played an excellent role in supervising the Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident.However,the content published by some pharmaceutical media was hard to understand by ordinary people.Besides,the role of self-media in public opinion supervision was polarized.Some self-media closely kept pace with mainstream media in public opinion supervision.Other self-media unilaterally pursued the click rate,publishing false information to guide wrong public opinion.The news media should optimize the supervision efficiency of drug safety.On the one hand,pharmaceutical media should pay attention to the fact that readers may not understand the difficult terms because they are not professional.On the other hand,self-media practitioners should improve their professional quality so that they will not publish some fake news to mislead public opinion.

Research on Cooperation Mechanism of China's Financial Regulation and Supervision System

Financial regulation and supervision is an important subject in finance research. After the U. S. subprime mortgage crisis,the weakness in this field becomes the research focus. Every country attaches importance to strengthen the financial supervision and management. But the financial regulatory system is a large system,and the process of model building and index selection is very complicated. A model for China's financial regulation and supervision system was proposed and a system evaluation method was improved. A more exact result was drawn by choosing 2003- 2009 index data.

Land Use Land Cover Analysis for Godavari Basin in Maharashtra Using Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing

The dynamic transformation of land use and land cover has emerged as a crucial aspect in the effective management of natural resources and the continual monitoring of environmental shifts. This study focused on the land use and land cover (LULC) changes within the catchment area of the Godavari River, assessing the repercussions of land and water resource exploitation. Utilizing LANDSAT satellite images from 2009, 2014, and 2019, this research employed supervised classification through the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) software’s SCP plugin. Maximum likelihood classification algorithm was used for the assessment of supervised land use classification. Seven distinct LULC classes—forest, irrigated cropland, agricultural land (fallow), barren land, shrub land, water, and urban land—are delineated for classification purposes. The study revealed substantial changes in the Godavari basin’s land use patterns over the ten-year period from 2009 to 2019. Spatial and temporal dynamics of land use/cover changes (2009-2019) were quantified using three Satellite/Landsat images, a supervised classification algorithm and the post classification change detection technique in GIS. The total study area of the Godavari basin in Maharashtra encompasses 5138175.48 hectares. Notably, the built-up area increased from 0.14% in 2009 to 1.94% in 2019. The proportion of irrigated cropland, which was 62.32% in 2009, declined to 41.52% in 2019. Shrub land witnessed a noteworthy increase from 0.05% to 2.05% over the last decade. The key findings underscored significant declines in barren land, agricultural land, and irrigated cropland, juxtaposed with an expansion in forest land, shrub land, and urban land. The classification methodology achieved an overall accuracy of 80%, with a Kappa Statistic of 71.9% for the satellite images. The overall classification accuracy along with the Kappa value for 2009, 2014 and 2019 supervised land use land cover classification was good enough to detect the changing scenarios of Godavari River basin under study. These findings provide valuable insights for discerning land utilization across various categories, facilitating the adoption of appropriate strategies for sustainable land use in the region.

An Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes, and Implications for Conservation in Mukumbura (Ward 2), Mt Darwin, Zimbabwe, 2002-2022

Understanding trends of land use land cover (LULC) changes is important for biodiversity monitoring and conservation planning, and identifying the areas affected by change and designing sustainable solutions to reduce the changes. The study aims to evaluate and quantify the historical changes in land use and land cover in Mukumbura (Ward 2), Mt Darwin, Zimbabwe, from 2002 to 2022. The objective of the study was to analyse the LULC changes in Ward 2 (Mukumbura), Mt Darwin, Northern Zimbabwe, for a period of 20 years using geospatial techniques. Landsat satellite images were processed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and the supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm was employed to generate LULC maps between 2002 and 2022 with a five (5) year interval, investigating the following variables, forest cover, barren land, water cover and the fields. Findings revealed a substantial reduction in forest cover by 38.8%, water bodies (wetlands, ponds, and rivers) declined by 55.6%, whilst fields (crop/agricultural fields) increased by 93.3% and the barren land cover increased by 26.3% from 2002 to 2022. These findings point to substantial changes in LULC over the observed years. LULC changes have resulted in habitat fragmentation, reduced biodiversity, and the disruption of ecosystem functions. The study concludes that if these deforestation trends, cultivation, and settlement land expansion continue, the ward will have limited indigenous fruit trees. Therefore, the causes for LULC changes must be controlled, sustainable forest resources use practiced, hence the need to domesticate the indigenous fruit trees in arborloo toilets.

Comparison and Enlightenment of China's and EU's Food Safety Supervision Systems

Food is the paramount necessity of the people,and safety is most essential for food. Food safety is related to people's fundamental interests,affecting people's basic health. It is an important factor in promoting people's livelihood development and social progress. Compared with European countries and the United States in developed food safety supervision systems,the development of food safety supervision system in China is still relatively backward. As food safety supervision is not in place,food safety incidents have occurred in recent years,so that public's panic about food safety has intensified. It has a strong impact on social stability and the food economy. Thus,strengthening the construction of food safety supervision system is imperative. Since experiencing a series of food safety incidents,the EU has gradually improved its food safety supervision system and has developed the most comprehensive and mature food safety supervision system in the world. On the basis of sorting out the characteristics of EU's food safety supervision system,the development direction of China's food safety supervision system is proposed from four aspects: supervisor,legal system,law enforcement ability and safety standards.

Establishment of Supervision and Monitoring System for Taining Danxia World Natural Heritage Site

Taking Danxia World Natural Heritage Site in Taining for example, the way of establishing scientific and systematic supervision and monitoring system for the world natural heritage site was explored to ensure the scientific protection and sustainable development of world heritage site. Contents of supervising and monitoring heritage site were first elaborated, monitoring indexes given, and then contents, location, feedback and equipment requirements of heritage site monitoring proposed. Finally, the supervision and monitoring system for Danxia World Natural Heritage in Taining was established from three aspects: establishing the center of digital information monitoring and supervision center, adopting scientific monitoring means, improving distribution of supervision sites and long-range video monitoring system.

Influencing Factors and Path Choice of Rebuilding Rural Financial Supervision System

The necessity of rebuilding Chinese rural financial supervision system is expounded. Rebuilding rural financial supervision system is conducive to normalizing rural financial order and forming the benign competitive situation; to clarifying the role played by rural financial organization and providing better financial services for "three agriculture";to forming safe rural financial environment to promote the development of rural economy and national economy. The restricting factors of rebuilding Chinese rural financial supervision system are analyzed. The major reasons are that rural financial legislation is relatively backward and the supervision department lacks the necessary legal basis. The administrative supervision is insufficient, which lead to the mal-position, administrative offside and vacancy of rural financial supervision;rural financial organization mechanism is unreasonable and the internal supervision mechanism is relatively bad;supervision organization of rural financial industry is imperfect and the function is imperfect; public's supervision awareness is weak and social supervision mechanism develops slowly. The paths for rebuilding Chinese rural financial supervision system are put forward including accelerating rural financial legislation to provide perfect legal evidence for rural financial supervision system; clarifying the position on governmental functions and fully displaying the leading role of rural financial supervision; establishing specialized rural financial supervision organization to perfect its supervision functions; vigorously cultivating people's supervision awareness to promote the development of social supervision mechanism.

Research on the supervision system of social security fund ——based on the diversified supervision subject

Social security fund is the foundation of the social security to run, so to strengthen the supervision of social security fund, and promote the sustainable development of it is particularly important. However, the supervision of social security fund of China exists many difficulties at present. In this paper ,the author will be based on the angle of the diversity of regulation, and put forward some relevant suggestions to improve the system of supervision of social security fund.

Discussion on the Enhanced Accounting Supervision System of Financial Management

Accounting supervision is a management activity to monitor and supervise the production, business operation, and budget implementation in enterprises, and a good accounting supervision plays an extremely important role in the social and economic development. In China, there are many accounting supervision problems in accounting practice at present, and a lot of the problems have exerted a negative impact on the social and economic life. Therefore, the causes for these problems are discussed and analyzed, so that the corresponding methods and measures are proposed for solving the existing problems and promoting the accounting supervision to play a better and greater role in the financial management of enterprises.

Discussion on the Enhanced Accounting Supervision System of Financial Management

Accounting supervision is a management activity to monitor and supervise the production, business operation, and budget implementation in enterprises, and a good accounting supervision plays an extremely important role in the social and economic development. In China, there are many accounting supervision problems in accounting practice at present, and a lot of the problems have exerted a negative impact on the social and economic life. Therefore, the causes for these problems are discussed and analyzed, so that the corresponding methods and measures are proposed for solving the existing problems and promoting the accounting supervision to play a better and greater role in the financial management of enterprises.