Analysis of the Development of Real Estate Industry from the Perspective of Supply Side Structural Reform

The role of the real estate industry plays a very important in China＇s eco- nomic reform, and in recent years, with the onomy, the real estate enterprises in China progressive development of market ec- have become weak. However. the ＂hot real estate＂ seems to be in constantly upgrading. Industry development is necessary for the operation of each enterprise. Development is an important part of the strate- gy of an enterprise, and according to the current situation of development of real estate economy, it is very important for the development of the whole economy to predict the future development trend. The proposal of supply side structural reform measures could resolve the problems of remaining capacity and high inventory, which makes China＇s real estate industry present a new atmosphere. In this paper, a typical case, the listed real estate company ZHONG HUA Real Estate Enterprise Company Limited was selected to analyze its conditions, finding that inventory ex- cess production capacity and low land use efficiency were common problems in the development process of real estate industry at present. In order to solve these problems, some concrete suggestions and countermeasures were proposed from the government control management, real estate management and property buyers de- mand management.

Study on the Reform of Agricultural Supply Side Based on Food Security

In December 2015,the Central Rural Work Conference put forward the structural reform of agricultural supply side,to ensure the national food security. At present,China's grain production is increasing,the supply and demand structure of grain market is not balanced,and the ineffective supply due to the lack of market supply and demand has caused the problem of structural surplus and structural shortage.And price and quality difference of domestic and international grain is obvious,and the agricultural products in China are overstock,so the reform of agricultural supply side based on food security must be implemented. To adjust structure,reduce stock,reduce cost,increase quality,promote the primary,secondary and tertiary industries convergence will become the focus of China's agricultural supply side structural reform,and we can develop the ecological agriculture,improve the competitiveness of the grain market in price and quality,to ensure food security for the nation.

Reform the Supply Side to Downplay the Hog Cycle

Based on the analysis of the reasons for the periodic changes in the pig market in China,four measures are proposed in this article to reform the supply side to downplay the hog Cycle:guaranteeing the total amount to guarantee the supply;diversifying farming systems to increase redundancy;improving technology to promote transformation;and promoting the Internet+to promote the balanced development of the pig industry.

China's Excess Oil Refining Production Capacity in the Background of the Supply Side Structural Reform

Through analysis of the current situation and newly-increased production capacity-of the oil refining industry of China, this Paper discusses both the continuous expansion trend and the serious excess of production capacity of the oil refining industry of China. Due to the entry of the Chinese economy into the new normal,the accelerated substitution of old energy by new energy and rigid restrictions composed of low carbon and environmental protection requirements, the oil demand of China will continue to increase overall, but the growth will obviously slow down. At the same time, the newly-increased production capacity in Shandong and coastal region will continuously expand, the supply and demand contradiction will intensify, and the structural excess production capacity of the oil refining industry of China will be prominent. It is suggested that the government should attach great importance to the production capacity of the oil refining industry at the macro level, and deeply carry forward the supply side structural reform, and that enterprises should speed up technical innovation,enhance regional and layout optimization, adapt to market changes and adjust product structure, control oil refining but increase chemical engineering, improve product quality and production efficiency, and constantly promote the international competitiveness of the Chinese petrochemical industry.

Research on Risk Assessment of Real Estate Development Project under Reform of the Supply side

During the key period of our country＇ s transformation of economic development mode and adjustment of the industrial structure, real estate market is the key areas of China＇s economic reform. Whether de-leverage and destocking could be achieved directly related to China＇s economic development can achieve the smooth transition and the sound and rapid development of economic. But the rapid development of the real estate industry leads to high prices and several years of continuous policy control to make real estate development reasonable. Based on the current situation of the real estate market in our country, this paper establish real estate risk assessment model. Take the actual case of A city development project as an example. First, calculate and analysis synthetically by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Finally the evaluation results of the model are consistent with the actual project development. It provides development project risk strategy for real estate enterprises.

Forecast Grain “Three Quantities” Based on Grey GM (1, 1) and Promote the Structural Reform of Grain Supply Side

As a special product, the cultivation and production of grain directly affect the consumption of people, which has an important influence on the development of social economy and the national economy and people’s livelihood. Firstly, the present situation of grain production is analyzed, and the problems facing the structural reform of grain supply side in China are analyzed from grain output and its import and export volume. Secondly, we use grey GM (1, 1) model to predict grain output and consumption, grain import and export volume and all kinds of grain crops output in China, and then analyze the future trend of grain production in China. Finally, we put forward construction of grain branding, rational allocation of grain planting varieties, construction of traceability system for grain production, further grain processing and development of “Internet agriculture” industrial model to promote structural reform of grain supply side.

Structural reform of agricultural supply side under the concept of green development

The structural reform of the agricultural supply side is the fundamental way to solve the current agricultural problems in China and an important way to increase the income of farmers. The concept of green development refers to engaging in economic activities under the premise of fully protecting the environment and rationally utilizing resources. It is a good strategy to achieve harmony between man and nature on the basis of respecting the laws of nature. Based on the concept of green development, this paper attempts to explore the implementation path of structural reform of agricultural supply side from four aspects: industrial structure change, agricultural operation subject innovation, agricultural product brand construction and government safeguard measures. Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.Effectively solving the obstacles in agricultural development and realizing agricultural modernization is of great value for improving China’s overall economic level, maintaining social stability and increasing farmers’ income.

Supply Side Management for Cost Optimization in Developing Countries Suffering with Power Outage

In this increasingly growing population especially in the developing countries, it is almost impossible to solve the energy crisis. This has led to the extreme growth of the back up power generation industry such as Diesel generators and home invertors. From the last couple of years the solar PV technology has started to penetrate in these geographies. This paper discusses on the supply side management of the electricity sources available to a consumer to manage his outage and also the over all cost optimization, as the cost of energy from every source is different and it also depends on the load curve, last but not the least also as to what time of the day what source or combination of sources have been used.

Research on Alliance Decision of Dual-Channel Remanufacturing Supply Chain Considering Bidirectional Free-Riding and Cost-Sharing

This study delves into the formation dynamics of alliances within a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC)that encom-passes a manufacturer,a retailer,and an e-commerce platform.It leverages Stackelberg game for this exploration,contrasting the equilibrium outcomes of a non-alliance model with those of three differentiated alliance models.The non-alliance model acts as a crucial benchmark,enabling the evaluation of the motivations for various supply chain entities to engage in alliance formations.Our analysis is centered on identifying the most effective alliance strategies and establishing a coordination within these partnerships.We thoroughly investigate the consequences of diverse alliance behaviors,bidirectional free-riding and cost-sharing,and the resultant effects on the optimal decision-making among supply chain actors.The findings underscore several pivotal insights:(1)The behavior of alliances within the supply chain exerts variable impacts on the optimal pricing and demand of its members.In comparison to the non-alliance(D)model,the manufacturer-retailer(MR)and manufacturer-e-commerce platform(ME)alliances significantly lower both offline and online resale prices for new and remanufactured goods.This adjustment leads to an enhanced demand for products via the MR alliance’s offline outlets and the ME alliance’s online platforms,thereby augmenting the profits for those within the alliance.Conversely,retailer-e-commerce platform(ER)alliance tends to increase the optimal retail price and demand across both online and offline channels.Under specific conditions,alliance behavior can also increase the profits of non-alliance members,and the profits derived through alliance channels also exceed those from non-alliance channels.(2)The prevalence of bidirectional free-riding behavior largely remains constant across different alliance configurations.Across these models,bidirectional free-riding typically elevates the equilibrium prices in offline channel while negatively affecting the equilibrium prices in other channel.(3)The effect of cost-sharing shows relative uniformity across the various alliance models.Across all configurations,cost-sharing tends to reduce the manufacturer’s profits.Nonetheless,alliances initiated by the manufacturer can counteract these negative impacts,providing a strategic pathway to bolster CLSC profitability.

Low-frequency oscillation of train-network system considering traction power supply mode

The low-frequency oscillation(LFO)has occurred in the train-network system due to the introduction of the power electronics of the trains.The modeling and analyzing method in current researches based on electrified railway unilateral power supply system are not suitable for the LFO analysis in a bilateral power supply system,where the trains are supplied by two traction substations.In this work,based on the single-input and single-output impedance model of China CRH5 trains,the node admittance matrices of the train-network system both in unilateral and bilateral power supply modes are established,including three-phase power grid,traction transformers and traction network.Then the modal analysis is used to study the oscillation modes and propagation characteristics of the unilateral and bilateral power supply systems.Moreover,the influence of the equivalent inductance of the power grid,the length of the transmission line,and the length of the traction network are analyzed on the critical oscillation mode of the bilateral power supply system.Finally,the theoretical analysis results are verified by the time-domain simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink.

Experimental study on thermal environment in large-space building with low sidewall air supply

The thermal environmental characteristics are experim-entally studied in terms of different air supply volumes and outdoor meteorological parameters in a large-space building which is air conditioned with a low sidewall air supply.The experimental results show that the indoor vertical temperature distributions under different condition are similar.The maximum vertical temperature difference（MVTD）is up to about 20 ℃,and it linearly changes with the sol-air temperature.The indoor vertical temperature gradients（VTGs）in the upper,central and lower zones are different.The influence of the sol-air temperature on the VTGs in the upper and the lower zones is greater than that in the central zone.The characteristics of the VTGs in the three zones affected by the air supply volume are the same as those affected by the sol-air temperature.Besides,because of the small air velocity,the predicted mean vote（PMV）on comfort in the occupied zone is slightly high and the air temperature difference between the head and the ankle is usually more than 3 ℃.

The Realistic Dilemma and Promoting Path of Secondary Vocational Education Talent Training Model under the Background of Education Supply-side Reform

In today's world,the competition for high-end smart technology is becoming increasingly fierce,and the huge connotation hidden behind the fierce competition is the competition of high-quality skilled talents.The status of secondary vocational education in our country's education system has a solid foundational role.The close connection it exhibits with social and economic development is beyond the reach of other types of education.However,the current secondary vocational education talent training model shows a situation that is not in line with market demand,and problems such as"shortage of skilled personnel"and"unemployment structural imbalance"have appeared in related fields.The supply of talents in secondary vocational education lacks a balanced mechanism,lacks in quality of supply,and does not have a high effect.It is urgent to train high-quality skilled talents with matching socio-economic structure transformation and upgrading for the society through education supply-side reform measures.In view of this,according to the changes in market demand,we will vigorously promote the reform of the school-based curriculum of secondary vocational schools,strive to create a new integrated development model that combines textbooks and practice,promote in-depth exchanges and cooperation between schools and characteristic enterprises in the industry,and train people in practice.Cultivating people,creating a good atmosphere for cultivating technical talents,and combining with the new goal of practicing education to build an evaluation system suitable for the growth of secondary vocational talents,making the human resource structure more and more suitable for the transformation and upgrading of the current social industrial structure.

Thermal stratification level of low sidewall air supply with air-conditioning system in large space

The thermal stratification level of low sidewall air supply system in large space was defined. Depending on the experiment of low sidewall air supply in summer 2008,the thermal stratification level was studied by simulation. Based on the simulation of experiment condition,the air velocity and vertical temperature distribution in a large space were simulated at different air-outlet velocities,and then the thermal stratification level line was obtained. The simulation results well match with the experimental ones and the average relative error is 3.4%. The thermal stratification level is heightened by increasing the air-outlet velocity with low sidewall air supply mode. It is concluded that when air-outlet velocity is 0.29 m/s,which is the experimental case,a uniform thermal environment in the higher occupied zone and a stable stratification level are formed. When the air-outlet velocity is low,such as 0.05 m/s,the thermal stratification level is too low and the air velocity is too small to meet the human thermal comfort in the occupied zone. So,it would be reasonable that the air-outlet velocity may be designed as 0.31 m/s if the height of the occupied zone is 2 m.

An Empirical Study on China＇s Energy Supply-and-Demand Model Considering Carbon Emission Peak Constraints in 2030

China＇s energy supply-and-demand model and two related carbon emission scenarios, including a planned peak scenario and an advanced peak scenario, are designed taking into consideration China＇s economic development, technological progress, policies, resources, environmental capacity, and other factors. The analysis of the defined scenarios provides the following conclusions： Primary energy and power demand will continue to grow leading up to 2030, and the growth rate of power demand will be much higher than that of primary energy demand. Moreover, low carbonization will be a basic feature of energy supply-and-demand structural changes, and non-fossil energy will replace oil as the second largest energy source. Finally, energy- related carbon emissions could peak in 2025 through the application of more efficient energy consumption patterns and more low-carbon energy supply modes. The push toward decarbonization of the power industry is essential for reducing the peak value of carbon emissions.

Matching of Residential and Commercial Space in Shrinking Cities from the Perspective of Supply and Demand:A Case Study of Yichun City,China

Urban shrinkage is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in China.The research focus has been the identification,origin,and pattern of shrinking cities.Nevertheless,attention has also been paid to the problems associated with urban shrinkage.The present study examines one typical shrinking city in China,specifically the Yichun District in Yichun City.To explore the matching relationship between residential and commercial spaces,this study analyzes supply and demand data,electricity consumption data and multi-source points of interest(POI)of residents.The results showed that the occupancy rate is not reduced in the context of urban shrinkage,and that the supply level of various commercial facilities is not in decline.Apart from leisure and entertainment facilities,the supply levels of catering,shopping and supporting facilities for life were noted to have improved.In reference to urban shrinkage,the matching relationship between residential and commercial space in the 5-min,10-min,and 15-min living circles mainly shifted to a highlevel equilibrium.The matching relationships between residential space and different types of commercial spaces change in both direction and magnitude.From the perspective of supply and demand,the spatial and temporal changes in the relationship relate to multiple factors,such as the level of economic development,the buiding age pattern,public transportation accessibility,aging,and residents’willingness to move.This study provides relevant data for managing urban shrinkage.It also helps improve the relationships between residential and commercial spaces and works to optimize the layout and structure of functional urban spaces.

Optimal production lot sizing model in a supply chain with periodically fixed demand considering learning effect

This paper presents an optimal production model for manufacturer in a supply chain with a fixed demand at a fixed interval with respect to the learning effect on production capacity. An algorithm is employed to find the optimal delay time for production and production time sequentially. It is found that the optimal delay time for production and the production time are not static, but dynamic and variant with time. It is important for a manufacturer to schedule the production so as to prevent facilities and workers from idling.

Pricing and decision of carbon emission reduction for closed-loop supply chain considering carbon trading mechanism

To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and remanufactures used products while the retailer is responsible for selling new products and remanufactured products. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailer are developed, and the corresponding solution formulae for decision variables are given by the Stackelberg game model. Finally, a numerical example is given, and the optimal wholesale price, retail price, carbon emission reduction and others are obtained. Through the sensitivity of the unit carbon allowance price, some significant managerial insights are derived.

Seismic performance evaluation of water supply pipes installed in a full-scale RC frame structure based on a shaking table test

As an important part of nonstructural components,the seismic response of indoor water supply pipes deserves much attention.This paper presents shaking table test research on water supply pipes installed in a full-scale reinforced concrete(RC)frame structure.Different material pipes and different methods for penetrating the reinforced concrete floors are combined to evaluate the difference in seismic performance.Floor response spectra and pipe acceleration amplification factors based on test data are discussed and compared with code provisions.A seismic fragility study of displacement demand is conducted based on numerical simulation.The acceleration response and displacement response of different combinations are compared.The results show that the combination of different pipe materials and different passing-through methods can cause obvious differences in the seismic response of indoor riser pipes.

Analysis of faulting destruction and water supply pipeline damage from the first mainshock of the February 6,2023 Türkiye earthquake doublet

In 2023,two consecutive earthquakes exceeding a magnitude of 7 occurred in Türkiye,causing severe casualties and economic losses.The damage to critical urban infrastructure and building structures,including highways,railroads,and water supply pipelines,was particularly severe in areas where these structures intersected the seismogenic fault.Critical infrastructure projects that traverse active faults are susceptible to the influence of fault movement,pulse velocity,and ground motions.In this study,we used a unique approach to analyze the acceleration records obtained from the seismic station array(9 strong ground motion stations)located along the East Anatolian Fault(the seismogenic fault of the MW7.8 mainshock of the 2023 Türkiye earthquake doublet).The acceleration records were filtered and integrated to obtain the velocity and displacement time histories.We used the results of an on-site investigation,jointly conducted by China Earthquake Administration and Türkiye’s AFAD,to analyze the distribution of PGA,PGV,and PGD recorded by the strong motion array of the East Anatolian Fault.We found that the maximum horizontal PGA in this earthquake was 3.0 g,and the maximum co-seismic surface displacement caused by the East Anatolian Fault rupture was 6.50 m.As the fault rupture propagated southwest,the velocity pulse caused by the directional effect of the rupture increased gradually,with the maximum PGA reaching 162.3 cm/s.We also discussed the seismic safety of critical infrastructure projects traversing active faults,using two case studies of water supply pipelines in Türkiye that were damaged by earthquakes.We used a three-dimensional finite element model of the PE(polyethylene)water pipeline at the Islahiye State Hospital and fault displacement observations obtained through on-site investigation to analyze pipeline failure mechanisms.We further investigated the effect of the fault-crossing angle on seismic safety of a pipeline,based on our analysis and the failure performance of the large-diameter Thames Water pipeline during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake.The seismic method of buried pipelines crossing the fault was summarized.

Optimal decision-making considering inter-supply-chain competition and negative-spillover from environmental effort

Focusing on negative-spillover from environmental effort,this paper explores the issues of competition and optimal decision-making based on two competing two-stage manufacturer-dominated supply chains:centralized and decentralized.We develop the Stackelberg competition models according to four identified competition scenarios(pure centralized structure-CC,mixed structure-DC,mixed structure-CD,and pure decentralized structure-DD).By comparing the results of the four scenarios,we find that negative-spillover from environmental effort negatively impacts environmental-effort providers and reduces the optimal profit of the manufacturer who provide the environmental effort,which in turn reduces the profit of the entire supply chain.The inter-supply-chain competition also produces a negative incentive for environmental-effort providers but provides a free riding effect on the non-provider,and this effect increases as competition increases.In terms of network externality,the structural change of a supply chain from centralized to decentralized is altruistic,which generates a double-marginalization(i.e.,the network externality enhances competitor performance).Furthermore,the leader supply chain with a centralized structure is more willing to provide greater environmental effort,whereas when the leader supply chain structure remains unchanged,its environmental effort depends on the negative-spillover effect and the follower supply chain structure.Therefore,excessive supply chain competition should be avoided,and the negative-spillover effect of environmental effort should be reduced to motivate environmental-effort providers to increase their environmental efforts and promote the development of sustainable green supply chains.Future research should examine retailer-dominated supply chain competition and compare the results with the conclusions of this study.