The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate mediated by xanthate

The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） miniemulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate （VAc） mediated by methyl （methoxycarbonothioyl） sulfanyl acetate （MMSA） was carried out. The results showed that polymerizations initiated by AIBN and KPS proceeded in a controlled way. The RAFT miniemulsion polymerization of VAc initiated by KPS showed the shorter inhibition period, higher propagation rate coefficient and final conversion than those in experiment initiated by AIBN. When the monomer conversion reached 25%, the polydispersity index （PDI） of polymer became broad, which was related to chain transfer reaction in RAFT miniemulsion of VAc.

Synthesis of polystyrene-styrene/butadiene diblock copolymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer miniemulsion polymerization

Polystyrene-styrene/butadiene diblock copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） miniemulsion polymerization.During the polymerization process,the molecular weight distribution was narrow and the numerical molecular weight of the copolymers increased with increasing conversion of monomers,which was close to the theoretical.FT-IR and ^1H NMR results indicated that the microstructure of the polymer was mainly 1,4-trans-butadiene with small amount of 1,2-units,and composition in the copolymers was obtained.

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto PE/PET composite fiber initiated by γ-irradiation

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) mediated grafting of acrylonitrile onto Polyethylene/Poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PE/PET) composite fibers was performed using γ-irradiation as the initial source at ambient temperature. Different initial concentrations of 2-cyanoprop-2-yl dithiobenzonate were used as the chain transfer agent. The kinetics of graft polymerization is in accordance with the living RAFT polymerization. The successful grafting of acrylonitrile is proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.The results of monofilament tensile test show that mechanical properties of the fibers change slightly after grafting. Scanning electronic microscopy images of the fibers show that the surface of RAFT grafted fibers is smoother than that of fibers grafted conventionally.

Evaluation of the clenbuterol imprinted monolithic column prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

To make more homogenous organic monolithic structure, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） process was employed in the synthesis of the clenbuterol imprinted polymer. In the synthesis, the influence of synthetic conditions on the polymer structure and separation efficiency was studied. The result demonstrated that the imprinted columns prepared with RAFT process have higher column efficiency and selectivity than the columns prepared with conventional polymerization in the present study, which may result from the higher surface area, smaller pore size and the narrower globule size distribution in their structures. The result indicated that RAFT polymerization provided better conditions for the clenbuterol imprinted monolithic polymer preparation. 2009 Xiang Chao Dong. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Bulk Polymerization of Styrene Using Benzyl Dithiobenzoate as a Chain Transfer

Bulk polymerization of styrene was carried out in the presence of a reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) of benzyl dithiobenzoate (BDB). The comparison between reaction systems with and without BDB indicates that there is significant retardation in the reaction rate when BDB is used. The molecular weight of styrene polymer prepared with BDB shows linear relationship with the conversion of monomer, polydispersity is as narrow as 1.2, and no gel effects are observed during the polymerization with BDB, which are characteristics of a living radical polymerization. It has been found that the concentrations of BDB and azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) have opposite effects on the polymerization kinetics, and the AIBN dominates.

Grafting of MIPs from PVDF Membranes via Reversible Addition-fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization for Selective Removal of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Effective molecularly imprinted membranes（MIMs） were developed as an efficient adsorbent for the selective removal ofp-hydroxybenzoic acid（p-HB） from acetylsalicylic acid（ASA, aspirin）. The MIMs were grafted successfully from poly（vinylidene fluoride） microfiltration membranes via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer（RAFT） polymerization. The graft copolymerization of acrylic acid（AA） in the presence of template p-hydroxybenzoic acid led to molecularly imprinted polymer（MIP） film coated membranes. The obtained MIMs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer（FTIR） and Raman spectra, and batch mode adsorption studies were carried ont to investigate the specific adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and selective recognition properties of different MIMs. The kinetic properties of the MIMs could be well described by the pseudo-second-order rate equation. Selective permeation experiments were performed to evaluate the permeation selectivity of the p-HB imprinted membranes. The observed performances of the MIMs are applicable to the further purification of aspirin. Keywords Acetylsalicylic acid; Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer; Molecularly imprinted membrane; p-Hydroxybenzoic acid; Selective adsorption

聚羧酸保坍剂分子序列结构对其性能的影响

通过普通自由基聚合合成侧链密度不同的无规序列结构聚羧酸保坍剂PCE-1、PCE-2;通过可逆加成-碎裂链转移聚合(RAFT)合成侧链在主链上分布形式分别为“外密内疏”和“外疏内密”梯度序列结构的聚羧酸保坍剂PCE-3、PCE-4。通过凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)测试证明PCE-3、PCE-4的分子质量与转化率呈线性关系,符合“活性”聚合特征。净浆和混凝土试验发现,各减水剂分散性能排序为PCE-4<PCE-1<PCE-2<PCE-3,即“外密内疏”的序列结构最适合发挥PCE的分散性,而“外疏内密”不适合作为PCE的结构。含蒙脱土的净浆试验表明,具有“紧密”侧链序列的PCE-1、PCE-3有着更好的抗泥效果。吸附试验表明,吸附能力排序为PCE-4<PCE-3<PCE-1≈PCE-2。

基于光引发可逆加成断裂链转移自由基聚合的3D打印

针对高分子化学本科教学中“活性自由基聚合”知识点抽象,学生难以理解的教学难题,开展了光引发可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)自由基聚合3D打印实验。实验首先合成O-(乙基)-S-(2-丙酸乙酯基)黄原酸酯(EXEP),随后使用商用光敏树脂,进行添加/不添加EXEP条件下的3D打印。随后使用得到的打印体开展荧光功能后修饰与焊接对比实验。通过对比实验现象,深入理解活性自由基聚合机理及其对产物后功能化能力的影响,实现“活性自由基聚合”原理的“可视化”和实例化应用展示。本实验将基础理论有机融合到趣味实验中,实验耗时合理,操作简便,效果明显,符合本科教学实验基本要求,有助于提升学生综合分析能力,激发学生深入研究的兴趣,培养其创新意识及拓展延伸的能力。

甲基丙烯酸甲酯可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合动力学研究

通过可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)溶液聚合制得一系列分子量可控、分子量分布窄的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),考察了反应条件对聚合速率、PMMA分子量及其分布的影响。实验结果表明,溶剂质量、聚合温度和引发剂浓度是影响聚合速率的主要因素,而RAFT试剂浓度和结构可调控PMMA的分子量及其分布。对于甲基丙烯酸甲酯体系,密度泛函理论的计算结果表明,RAFT试剂“激活”过程的Gibbs自由能变(ΔG)是评估RAFT试剂对聚合物分子量分布控制效果的关键因素。ΔG越小,表明RAFT试剂越容易被“激活”,控制效果越好。提出了一种快速判断RAFT试剂可行性的理论计算依据,降低了RAFT试剂的实验开发成本。

温度对TBTGA为链转移剂的RAFT聚合制备PMMA相对分子质量的影响

以2-巯基-S-硫代苯甲酰乙酸为链转移剂,与高活性单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯发生可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),探究温度对聚合的影响。结果表明:反应速率常数和链转移常数随温度升高而增大,即升温有利于链转移;当反应温度为80℃时,PMMA的相对分子质量与理论值相差较小,且相对分子质量分布较窄。

RAFT法制备羧甲基纤维素接枝丙烯酸酯共聚物

以溶解后改性的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为大分子引发剂,S-1-十二烷基-S’-(α-α’-二甲基-α”-乙酸)三硫代碳酸酯为可逆加成断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)试剂,通过RAFT法制备了CMC接枝丙烯酸酯的新型接枝共聚物。为了进一步探索共聚物的成膜形态,设计了不同反应时间、不同甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与丙烯酸丁酯(BA)配比的反应条件,合成了CMC接枝MMA嵌段BA聚合物(Cell-g-PMMA-b-PBA)。结果表明:在反应时间为24 h,MMA与BA体积比为6∶1的条件下,Cell-g-PMMA-b-PBA的成膜性能最好,热稳定性高。

基于一磷酸腺苷的RAFT接枝棉织物的结构和阻燃性能

采用可逆加成断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)方法,基于纤维基二硫代酸酯类RAFT链转移剂(Cell-CTA),以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,以改性一磷酸腺苷(AAMP)为阻燃单体,在纯棉织物上进行RAFT接枝聚合改性,制备了接枝阻燃棉织物(Cell-g-PAAMP)。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱等方法对Cell-g-PAAMP的化学结构、表面形貌及其燃烧后残炭的形态和石墨化程度进行了表征。采用热重分析仪、数显氧指数测定仪、织物强力仪、透气性能测试仪对Cell-g-PAAMP的阻燃性能和物理机械性能进行了分析。Cell-g-PAAMP红外光谱中,1199 cm^(-1)处新出现P=O双键的伸缩振动峰,说明已成功制备Cell-g-PAAMP。扫描电镜和拉曼光谱结果表明,Cell-g-PAAMP表面粗糙,有颗粒状物质附着于表面,燃烧后残炭形态保持基本完整且结构致密,石墨化程度提高。与纯棉织物对比,Cell-g-PAAMP初始分解温度降低,热稳定性提高,极限氧指数提高,获得了良好的阻燃效果。Cell-g-PAAMP透气性和断裂强力下降,但断裂伸长率却大幅增加。

马来酸酐和苯乙烯的可逆加成-断链链转移聚合及新型嵌段共聚物的合成

Reverse addition\|fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizatin of MAn with St is reported aiming at the synthesis of a well\|defined alternating copolymer of MAn with St.The results show that the polymers possess predetermined molecular weight and molecular weight distribution as narrow as 1 2. A novel well\|defined block copolymer P(MAn\| alt \|St)\| b \|PSt has also been prepared by the copolymerization of MAn with excess amount of St in molar feed via RAFT process.

RAFT聚合方法在碳纳米管表面接枝嵌段共聚物

首先在碳纳米管表面接上可用做RAFT聚合的链转移剂——二硫代碳酸酯,然后用这些管壁接有二硫代碳酸酯的碳纳米管作为链转移剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯单体进行可控的嵌段聚合反应,首次报道了采用二步加料方式在碳纳米管的管壁上接枝上嵌段共聚物链。对嵌段共聚物的结构进行了红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、透射电镜(TEM)表征。

新型链转移剂黄原酸酯调控的RAFT自由基聚合

本文综述了以黄原酸酯为链转移剂的共轭乙烯基单体与非共轭乙烯基单体的RAFT自由基聚合研究进展。由于黄原酸酯的Z基团为烷氧基,使得黄原酸酯自由基中心电荷密度增加,通过共轭效应稳定双硫酯产物,因此可以很好地调控非共轭乙烯基单体的活性自由基聚合。在黄原酸酯的Z基团中引入氟原子后,它通过降低加成自由基的稳定性而不是通过稳定双硫酯产物来促进随后的断裂,可以用于共轭乙烯基单体的活性自由基聚合,用含氟的黄原酸酯化合物还可以制备共轭乙烯基单体与非共轭乙烯基单体的嵌段共聚物。

pH值响应性超支化多臂共聚物的合成及其自组装行为研究

以超支化双硫酯为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)活性自由基聚合方法,合成了以超支化聚酯(Boltorn H20)为核,聚丙烯酸为臂的两亲性超支化多臂共聚物(H20-star-PAA),并通过紫外分光光度计、动态光散射(DLS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对它在水溶液中的pH响应的自组装行为进行了研究.结果表明,在稀溶液条件下,H20-star-PAA始终以单分子胶束的形式存在,随着溶液pH的降低,胶束的PAA壳层会逐步塌缩,导致胶束尺寸减小;而在浓溶液条件下,当溶液的pH较低时,单分子胶束会进一步聚集形成多分子胶束.

N-咔唑二硫代甲酸异丙苯酯的合成及应用

以咔唑和α-甲基苯乙烯为原料,合成了以咔唑为Z基团的可逆加成-断裂链转移试剂——N-咔唑二硫代甲酸异丙苯酯(CCBD),该化合物合成简便,可以经重结晶提纯.以CCBD为可逆加成-断裂链转移试剂对苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸乙酯单体进行了RAFT聚合,该聚合具有活性聚合特征,聚合物相对分子质量随转化率升高而增大,并得到相对分子质量分布窄的聚合产物,研究表明CCBD具有很好的RAFT聚合控制能力.

苯甲酸乙烯酯与受电子单体的可逆加成-断链链转移共聚合

采用二硫代苯甲酸苄酯和偶氮二异丁腈组成的引发体系 ,以可逆加成 -断链链转移聚合方法合成了苯甲酸乙烯酯与马来酸酐及N 取代马来酰亚胺的交替共聚物 .结果表明 ,所得聚合物具有预期分子量 ,分子量分布在 1.1～ 1.3之间 .在较低转化率下所得的聚合物均为交替结构 ,而与单体摩尔投料比无关 .

表面分子印迹高分子膜修饰硅胶用于血清中茶碱的固相萃取

采用表面引发可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合反应,在硅胶表面修饰了分子印迹高分子膜(MIP-Silica)。以元素分析和氮吸附分析对修饰的分子印迹高分子膜进行了表征。与传统采用本体聚合合成的分子印迹高分子相比,MIP-Silica具有更好的传质能力。本文合成的茶碱印迹MIP-Silica可以作为选择性固相萃取材料从血清中富集、检测微量的茶碱,该法合成的MIP-Silica还可用于高效液相色谱和毛细管电色谱等领域。

基于巯基-烯烃点击化学的聚丙烯酰胺型亲水作用色谱固定相的制备

采用巯基-烯烃点击反应制备了一种新型聚丙烯酰胺键合烯基修饰硅胶的亲水色谱固定相。丙烯酰胺与二硫代苯甲酸苄酯通过可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）反应合成聚合物。在甲苯中,3-异氰酸酯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、丙烯胺和吡啶反应后,再与硅胶反应制备烯基修饰硅胶（EUS）。在甲醇中,以2,2-偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐为引发剂,被硼氢化钠还原的聚丙烯酰胺与EUS于55℃反应48 h,键合上巯基活化的聚合物。利用元素分析和红外光谱的方法对固定相TE-UPAM（Thiol-ene urea polyacy（amide））进行表征,含碳量与EUS相比有所增加,在1636和1570 cm!1处存在多重酰胺键红外特征峰。考察了流动相中水含量、盐浓度和p H值的变化对极性化合物保留时间的影响。结果表明,保留时间随水含量的增加而减小;中性和碱性化合物保留时间随盐浓度的增大而延长,在p H 3.3~4.8范围内,碱性化合物的保留时间随p H的降低而缩短,均与酸性化合物相反。固定相TE-UPAM在亲水模式下与传统硅胶固定相比较,更好地分离了7种核苷和碱基,再通过对寡糖的分离,表明此固定相分离极性化合物的巨大潜力。