The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

High-tech Industrial Development Zones in Nanjing,Suzhou,Changzhou and Wuxi

Nanjing High-tech Industrial Devel-opment Zone It is a state-level high-tech in-dustrial development zone approved by theState Council, with an area of 16.5 sq km,comprising seven sq km of industrial area,five sq km of Taiwan invested area, three sqkm of university teaching and scientificresearch area and 1.5 sq km of compositeservice area. The development zone is 13.5 kmfrom the city center, with convenient trafficconditions, three state highways and a pro-

The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Industrial Characteristics of Economic and Technological Development Zones and High-tech Industrial Zones in China

Economic and technological development zone and high-tech industrial zone are important types of development zone in China,and there are differences in their connotation and goal setting.In this paper,basic data of national and provincial economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in China were collected and arranged.Kernel density analysis and other GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the evolution laws of spatial patterns of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in cities from 2006 to 2018.First,the agglomeration intensity was compared by measuring the degree of regional agglomeration and dispersion on the two time nodes.Next,kernel density method was used to explore the evolution of the two in the spatial layout and location,and analyze development commonness and difference of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones.Finally,the trend and reason of spatial evolution of development zones with different leading industries were explored.Research results show that:①the agglomeration degree of layout of high-tech industrial zones is stronger than that of economic and technological development zones,and there are similarities and differences in distribution trend of spatial patterns of the two types of development zones;②the distribution of labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive development zones is concentrated at smaller scales and dispersed at larger ones;③although there are differences between the economic and technological development zones and the high-tech industrial zones in the goal,support,structure and function,management system and so on,their spatial development presents a trend of convergence.In the future,when enhancing urban-rural planning and public administration,governments should combine the trend of industrial transformation and upgrading,and optimize spatial layout of development zones by adjusting industrial structure,layout,transportation and land use.

Economic Development Strategies and Optimization of High-tech Development Zones from the Perspective of"Four-transform and Three-famous":Taking Nanchang High-tech Development Zone as an Example

In recent years,high-tech development zones(hi-tech zones)have always occupied a very important position in the strategy of promoting China's innovative development.The combination of the"four-transform and three-famous"coordinated economic development strategy pioneered by Zhejiang Province in 2015 and the coordinated economic development of high-tech zones is particularly important for modern China at a critical time for innovative economic development.In this article,based on the research on the coordination mechanism of economic activities and development of Nanchang High-tech Zone,the development course of high-tech zones in China is elaborated,the early economic models in high-tech zones of Nanchang and China are analyzed,the existing problems in the structure of economic development of high-tech zones are analyzed in depth,the main driving factors for promoting the economic development of high-tech zones are studied from the aspects of capital,space,industry,economic model,etc.,and corresponding development strategies for high-tech development zones in China are proposed.

Characteristics and Development Modes of Standardization forChina's National High-Tech Zones:A Review

Indigenous innovation focused on the development of technical standards has become the core of China's innovation policy,since China released the "Outline of the National Program for Longand Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" in 2006.Meanwhile,standardization issues are greatly emphasized by high-tech zones which serve as the major carriers of national economic growth as well as innovation clusters in the context of fast-growing international standardization.By means of the effective guide of the government,the standardization of high-tech zones in China now presents a wide range of operating modes.Specifically,they can be divided predominantly into the government promotion mode,the alliance collaboration mode,the research-standard-industry linkage mode,and the talent training mode,in terms of the main body of work and influence factors.

High-tech Industrial Zones Take Lead in Industrial Innovation

China’s 56 leading high-tech industrial zones have led the country’s industrial innovation, playing an important role in the nation’s social and economic development, a government statement said on Jan 1.

A Study on Theoretical Model and Applied Evaluation of Land Use Performance of High-tech Zone in Urban Fringe: A Case Study in Haidian District, Beijing

High-tech industrial zone is an important carrier for constructing innovative cities. It also plays an important role in implementing the national independent innovative strategy. How-ever, most of the high-tech industrial zones have many problems in their development process, such as efficiency of land use, weakness of oriented function and lack of land intensive. To solve these problems, the authors of this paper introduced the concept of land use performance and established the theoretical model to assess the land use performance of high-tech industrial zones. The model consists of the following three-dimensional parts: land use benefit, land use efficiency and innovative function. Based on this theory model, an index system which was composed of three secondary indictors, eight tertiary indictors and 37 fourth-grade indictors was set up to evaluate the land use performance of high-tech zone. To avoid the defects of plus model and function model, the authors brought out a three-dimensional evaluation model to examine the index of the land use performance of the high-tech industrial parks, which equals to the evaluation indicator system of land use performance of high-tech zone based on the above research. The authors examined the land use performance of five different high-tech industrial parks in Haidian District, Beijing City. The results indicated that the indicator system per-forms better in the aspect of evaluating land use benefit, land use efficiency and function of the high-tech industrial zone compared with other models.

A Study of the Industrial Development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone

This paper illustrates the current situation and problems concerning the industrial structure in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone,and analyzes the internal contradictions that exist in industry: small-scale land operation has become an inherent obstacle to the industrial development in Agricultural High-tech Zone; farmers are always in a passive position in industrial restructuring optimization; government's policy failures and rent-seeking behaviors have hindered industrial development; the research,popularization and application of agricultural science and technology is not suited to industrial development requirements. Finally,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations for industrial development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone.

Comprehensive Control Measures and Effect Evaluation of Groundwater Over-exploitation Areas in High-tech Zone,Jining in 2020

Groundwater over-exploitation is a major problem in groundwater development, utilization and protection. At present, the area of shallow groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone is 76 km^(2). In this study, the system and mechanism construction, engineering measure construction, and control effect of national comprehensive control project of groundwater over-exploitation areas in the High-tech Zone in 2020 were evaluated, and the comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone in the year was summarized to provide effective basis for the continuous implementation of comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation. At the same time, the water-saving and exploitation reduction effect and generalizability of different measures were studied to provide useful reference for other over-exploitation areas.

Evolution of Industrial Competitiveness Based on Evaluation of Urban Competitiveness of Dongguan City:A Case Study of Songshan Lake High-tech Zone

Based on the theoretical system of urban competitiveness,the evaluation model of urban competitiveness from the perspective of competition and cooperation was established.According to the significance index and explanatory index,the urban competitiveness was divided into urban comprehensive competitiveness(UC),urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).The scores and rankings of UC,NC and EC in 2006,2010 and 2015 were obtained by conducting the comprehensive evaluation of the urban competitiveness of Dongguan City with integrated usage of the principal component analysis and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution and the data of other 20 cities in Guangdong province,Hong Kong and Macao.The research showed that the competitiveness of Dongguan City has been greatly improved during the decade of 2006–2015,and the regional cities in Guangdong Province had significant differences,which are reflected in the two dimensions of urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).Based on this,this study further analyzed Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from two dimensions of NC and EC,and took Dongguan Songshan Lake High-tech Zone as an example to study how to promote Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from the industrial level.

数字孪生城区防洪排涝及活水自流联控联调平台开发与应用

为响应数字中国战略与数字孪生水利建设,数字赋能提升河网水工程安全运行监控和智能化、精细化管理水平,以苏州高新区为例,分析了数字孪生平台建设需求,提出了包含防洪排涝、水环境保障、水工程管理综合业务的平台建设总体架构。根据研究区已有的基础数据、监测数据、业务数据等数据基础,采用“数字孪生技术+BIM(Building Information Modeling,建筑信息模型)”核心应用技术搭建了平台的数据底板,集成建设了模型平台、孪生融合、知识平台与数字孪生场景,基于算据、算法、算力支撑构建了水工程预报调度与活水自流联控联调平台,提供了多业务应用的“监测预报、动态预警、场景预演、调度预案”4个关键功能,对于推动地方水利设施的精细化管理和智能运维、服务支撑江苏省数字孪生水利建设具有重要参考价值。

基于Sentinel-2数据的苏州消夏湾生态安全缓冲区植被生长状况遥感监测评估

利用2021—2022年Sentinel-2卫星搭载的多光谱成像仪(MSI)遥感数据,通过SNAP遥感软件提供的植被生物物理参数处理模块(Biophysical Processor),反演了苏州消夏湾生态安全缓冲区的5种植被生物物理参数,包括植被吸收光合有效辐射比例(FAPAR)、植被覆盖度(FVC)、叶面积指数(LAI)、冠层叶绿素含量(CCC)和冠层含水量(CWC),开展植被生态环境监测评估研究。结果表明,该生态安全缓冲区2021年建成并投入运行后,植被覆盖度和生物量有所增加,区域植被冠层结构有所改善,植被生物物理参数从一定的角度反映了消夏湾生态安全缓冲区发挥了生态涵养成效。该研究方法能在大尺度上快捷、高效地反演植被生物物理参数,可为通过植被遥感动态监测评估生态安全缓冲区的生态功能提供有益的借鉴。

创新城区视角下大城市老城区工业遗存更新策略研究

当前中国大城市老城区工业遗存是经济发展模式转型、传承工业遗产文化和创新驱动发展的重要空间载体。如何充分挖掘旧工业用地和老旧厂房的潜在价值,以匹配现代社会需求的新功能,促进其优化再利用成为当前大城市更新领域的重要议题。创新城区契合了大城市“创新驱动”与“老城复兴”两大重要发展背景,是由创新科技产业和经济活动向中心城区重构集聚而形成的新空间模式。苏州西环路科创带是姑苏区实施做大做强科创产业战略、创新都市产业转型升级的重要空间载体,也是国内大城市老城区探索创新城区发展的重要模式。研究以苏州西环路科创带为例,探索大城市老城区工业遗存更新和创新科技产业升级双驱的实践模式,总结提炼中国大城市老城区基于创新城区的工业遗存更新策略与路径。

打造苏州南站站城融合一体化高铁新城

沪苏湖铁路是长三角城际轨道交通网中的骨干线路,通苏嘉甬铁路是“八横八纵”铁路网中沿海通道的重要组成部分,苏州南站作为沪苏湖铁路与通苏嘉甬铁路的交点,是长三角一体化的重要交通节点。探讨了苏州南站建设的必要性,对该车站建筑进行了总体设计,详细论述了交通融合、站城融合一体高铁新城的构建过程,并分析了其施工难点,以确保工程的顺利完成。

大城市边缘区价值认知与发展策略——以苏州市高新区太湖科学城地区为例

在全球化背景下,以大城市为核心的都市圈作为国家参与全球竞争的主体形体是大势所趋,而其普遍面临片面扩张带来的城市病,导致土地浪费、生态环境破坏等一系列问题,其中大城市边缘区以其独特的地理区位首当其冲。在下一阶段的城市高质量发展中,处理好大城市及其边缘区的协调发展具有重要意义。文章分析了大城市边缘区的概念及综述,并以苏州市高新区太湖科学城地区为研究对象,通过实地考察、资料收集梳理,提炼研究区域价值,进而构建功能配置、生态基础、便捷交通、产业链条、本地文化、弹性发展等六个方面的发展策略。笔者希望借此能在新型城镇化新的发展阶段为大城市边缘区的高质量发展提供自己的思考。

苏州高新区交通拥堵问题与改善策略——以建林路与兴贤路段为例

随着城市经济的发展与城镇化进程的不断加快,住宅小区,尤其是学校周边的住宅小区的人口密度越来越大,城市交通工具的数量和种类也随之增加,为城市交通和居民的生活带来了很大的困扰,同时也增加了交通事故的发生概率。本研究基于苏州市高新区建林路北段和兴贤路东段的交通拥堵情况,通过分析道路构成、交通流特性和周边现状等因素总结交通拥堵的主要原因,从宏观调控和微观策略两个方面提出改善建议,保障居民特别是学生的出行安全。

河段尺度的上海苏州河河岸带综合评价

基于河岸带结构初步构建河段尺度的苏州河河岸带综合评价指标体系,选取其干流43个河段为评价单元,结合遥感影像解译与实地调研,构建指标数据库,度量河岸带综合状况指数(Riparian Comprehensive Situation Index,RCSI);基于ANOVA分析方法阐释RCSI对河段区位及用地类型的响应,并提出河岸带规划设计及改进策略。结果表明:RCSI分布于3.79-25.03范围内,69.8%河段处于较差和非常差级别;②高于85%河段的滨水带及护岸带状况处于较差和非常差级别,滨水带宽度和护岸类型是其主要影响因素;大于50%河段的近岸带状况处于较差和非常差级别,不透水面积率和设施丰富度是其关键限制因子;③人类活动强度、城市化进程等原因导致RCSI以及多数指标在不同区位和不同用地类型中存在显著差异,而滨水带宽度、护岸坡度、侵蚀程度、α多样性指数和纵向连通性等方面无显著性差异。

城市河流滨岸带土地利用变化的环境效应——以上海苏州河为例

在阐述城市河流滨岸带的界定、结构、功能以及滨岸带土地利用变化的环境效应的基础上,选择以上海市苏州河为研究对象,运用土地利用解译、有机污染综合指数、野外调查评分等方法处理数据,将河流与河段两个尺度上的滨岸带土地利用类型分别与河流水质和调查河段的景观适宜性进行相关比较研究,进一步结合上海市不同历史时期和现状背景揭示了苏州河滨岸带土地利用变化所带来的自然环境效应和社会环境效应,同时提出城市河流滨岸带的适应性管理策略。研究结果表明:①工业用地及农业用地的减少和居住用地、城市绿地与道路用地的增加、不透水面积的整体微减是苏州河滨岸带土地利用变化的主要特征;②工业用地、居住用地和城市绿地的变化趋势最为显著,并与有机污染综合指数变化趋势的相关关系较显著;③不同河段的土地利用类型和不透水面积率与相应河段的景观适宜性之间的关联性很大。